Robinson Crusoe

Daniel Defoe

Texts obtained from paragraph aligned version from Cybertextos, thanks to Miguel Garci-Gomez

Robinson Crusoe

Daniel

Defoe

Chapter 1. START IN LIFE

I was born in the year 1632, in the city of York, of a good family, though not of that country, my father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hull. He got a good estate by merchandise, and leaving off his trade lived afterward at York, from whence he had married my mother, whose relations were named Robinson, a good family in that country, and from whom I was called Robinson Kreutznear; but by the usual corruption of words in England we are now called, nay, we call ourselves, and write our name, Crusoe, and so my companions always called me.

I had two elder brothers, one of which was lieutenant-colonel to an English regiment of foot in Flanders, formerly commanded by the famous Colonel Lockhart, and was killed at the battle near Dunkirkagainst the Spaniards; what became of my second brother I never knew, any more than my father and mother did know what was become of me.

Being the third son of the family, and not bred to any trade, my head began to be filled very early with rambling thoughts. My father, who was very ancient, had given me a competent share of learning, as far as house-education and a country free school generally goes, and designed me for the law, but I would be satisfied with nothing but going to sea; and my inclination to this led me so strongly against the will, nay, the and other friends, that there seemed to be something fatal in that propension of nature tending directly to the life of misery which was to befall me.

My father, a wise and grave man, gave me serious and excellent counsel against what he foresaw was my design. He called me one morning into his chamber, where he was confined by the gout, and expostulated very warmly with me upon this subject. He asked me what reasons more than a mere wandering inclination I had for leaving my father ' s house and my native country, where I might be well introduced, and had a prospect of raising my fortunes by application and industry, with a life of ease and pleasure. He told me it was for men of desperate fortunes on one hand, or of aspiring, superior fortunes on the other, who went abroad upon adventures, to rise by enterprise, and make themselves famous in undertakings of a nature out of the common road; that these things were all either too far above me, or too far below me; that mine was the middle state, or what might be called the upper station of low life, which he had found by long experience was the best state in the world, the most suited to human happiness, not exposed to the miseries and hardships, the labor and sufferings, of the mechanic part of mankind, and not embarrassed with the pride, luxury, ambition, and envy of the upper part of mankind. He told me I might judge of the happiness of this state by one thing, viz., that this was the state of life which all other people envied; that kings have frequently lamented the miserable consequences of being born to great things, and wished they had been placed in the middle of the two extremes, between the mean and the great; that the wise man gave his testimony to this as the just standard of true felicity, when he prayed to have neither poverty nor riches.

He bid me observe it, and I should always find that the calamities of life were shared among the upper and lower part of mankind; but that the middle station had the fewest disasters and was not exposed to so many vicissitudes as the higher or lower part of mankind. Nay, they were not subjected to so many distempers and uneasiness either of body or mind as those were who, by vicious living, luxury, and extravagancies on one hand, or by hard labor, want of necessaries, and mean or insufficient diet on the other hand, bring distempers upon themselves by the natural consequences of their way of living; that the middle station of life was calculated for all kind of virtues and all kind of enjoyments; that peace and plenty were the handmaids of a middle fortune; that temperance, moderation, quietness, health, society, all agreeable diversions, and all desirable pleasures, were the blessings attending the middle station of life; that this way men went silently and smoothly through the world, and comfortably out of it, not embarrassed with the labors of the hands or of the head, not sold to the life of slavery for daily bread, or harassed with perplexed circumstances, which rob the soul of peace, and the body of rest; not enraged with the passion of envy, or secret burning lust of ambition for great things; but in easy circumstances sliding gently through the world, and sensibly tasting the sweets of living, without the bitter, feeling that they are happy, and learning by every day ' s experience to know it more sensibly.

After this, he pressed me earnestly, and in the most affectionate manner, not to play the young man, not to precipitate myself into miseries which Nature and the station of life I was born in seemed to have provided against; that I was under no necessity of seeking my bread; that he would do well for me, and endeavor to enter me fairly into the station of life which he had been just recommending to me; and that if I was not very easy and happy in the world it must be my mere fate or fault that must hinder it, and that he should have nothing to answer for, having thus discharged his duty in warning me against measures which he knew would be to my hurt; in a word, that as he would do very kind things for me if I would stay and settle at home as he directed, so he would not have so much hand in my misfortunes, as to give me any encouragement to go away. And to close all, he told me I had my elder brother for an example, to whom he had used the same earnest persuasions to keep him from going into the Low Country wars, but could not prevail, his young desires prompting him to run into the army, where he was killed; and though he said he would not cease to pray for me, yet he would venture to say to me, that if I did take this foolish step, God would not bless me, and I would have leisure hereafter to reflect upon having neglected his counsel when there might be none to assist in my recovery.

I observed in this last part of his discourse, which was truly prophetic, though I suppose my father did not know it to be so himself --I say, I observed the tears run down his face very plentifully, and especially when he spoke of my brother who was killed; and that when he spoke of my having leisure to repent, and none to assist me, he was so moved that he broke off the discourse, and told me his heart was so full he could say no more to me.

I was sincerely affected with this discourse, as indeed who could be otherwise? and I resolved not to think of going abroad any more, but to settle at home according to my father ' s desire. But alas! a few days wore it all off; and, in short, to prevent any of my father ' s farther importunities, in a few weeks after I resolved to run quite away from him. However, I did not act so hastily neither as my first heat of resolution prompted, but I took my mother, at a time when I thought her a little pleasanter than ordinary, and told her that my thoughts were so entirely bent upon seeing the world that I should never settle to anything with resolution enough to go through with it, and my father had better give me his consent than force me to go without it; that I was now eighteen years old, which was too late to go apprentice to a trade, or clerk to an attorney; that I was sure if I did, I should never serve out my time, and I should certainly run away from my master before my time was out, and go to sea; and if she would speak to my father to let me go but one voyage abroad, if I came home again and did not like it, I would go no more, and I would promise by a double diligence to recover that time I had lost.

This put my mother into a great passion. She told me she knew it would be to no purpose to speak to my father upon any such subject; that he knew too well what was my interest to give his consent to anything so much for my hurt, and that she wondered how I could think of any such thing after such a discourse as I had had with my father, and such kind and tender expressions as she knew my father had used to me; and that, in short, if I would ruin myself there was no help for me; but I might depend I should never have their consent to it; that for her part, she should not have so much hand in my destruction, and I should never have it to say, that my mother was willing when my father was not.

Though my mother refused to move it to my father, yet, as I have heard afterwards, she reported all the discourse to him, and that my father, after showing a great concern at it, said to her with a sigh, " That boy might be happy if he would stay at home, but if he goes abroad he will be the miserablest wretch that was ever born: I can give no consent to it. "

It was not till almost a year after this that I broke loose, though in the meantime I continued obstinately deaf to all proposals of settling to business, and frequently expostulating with my father and mother about their being so positively determined against what they knew my inclinations prompted me to. But being one day at Hull, where I went casually, and without any purpose of making an elopement that time; but I say, being there, and one of my companions being going by sea to London, in his father ' s ship, and prompting me to go with them, with the common allurement of sea-faring men, viz., that it should cost me nothing for my passage, I consulted neither father nor mother any more, nor so much as sent them word of it; but leaving them to hear of it as they might, without asking God ' s blessing, or my father ' s, without any consideration of circumstances or consequences, and in an ill hour, God knows, on the first of September, 1651, I went on board a ship bound for London. Never any young adventurer ' s misfortunes, I believe began sooner, or continued longer than mine. The ship was no sooner gotten out of the Humber, but the wind began to blow, and the waves to rise in a most frightful manner; and as I had never been at sea before, I was most inexpressibly sick in body, and terrified in my mind. I began now seriously to reflect upon what I had done, and how justly I was overtaken by the judgment of Heaven for my wicked leaving my father ' s house, and abandoning my duty; all the good counsel of my parents, my father ' s tears and my mother ' s entreaties, came now fresh into my mind, and my conscience, which was not yet come to the pitch of hardness which it has been since, reproached me with the contempt of advice and the breach of my duty to God and my father.

All this while the storm increased, and the sea, which I had never been upon before, went very high, though nothing like what I have seen many times since; no, nor like what I saw a few days after. But it was enough to affect me then, who was but a young sailor, and had never known anything of the matter. I expected every wave would have swallowed us up, and that every time the ship fell down, as I thought, in the trough or hollow of the sea, we should never rise more; and in this agony of mind I made many vows of resolutions, that if it would please God here to spare my life this one voyage, if ever I got once my foot upon dry land again, I would go directly home to my father, and never set it into a ship again while I lived; that I would take his advice, and never run myself into such miseries as these any more. Now I saw plainly the goodness of his observations about the middle station of life, how easy, how comfortably he had lived all his days, and never had been exposed to tempests at sea, or troubles on shore; and I resolved that I would, like a true repenting prodigal, go home to my father.

These wise and sober thoughts continued all the while the storm continued, and indeed some time after; but the next day the wind was abated and the sea calmer, and I began to be a little inured to it. However, I was very grave for all that day, being also a little sea-sick still; but towards night the weather cleared up, the wind was quite over, and a charming fine evening followed; the sun went down perfectly clear, and rose so the next morning; and having little or no wind, and a smooth sea, the sun shining upon it, the sight was, as I thought, the most delightful that ever I saw.

I had slept well in the night, and was now no more sea-sick but very cheerful, looking with wonder upon the sea that was so wrought and terrible the day before, and could be so calm and so pleasant in so little time after. And now lest my good resolutions should continue, my companion, who had indeed enticed me away, comes to me: " Well, Bob, " says he, clapping me on the shoulder, " how do you do after it? I warrant you were frighted, wa ' n ' t you, last night, when it blew but a capful of wind? " " A capful, d ' you call it? "said I; It was a terrible storm. " " A storm, you fool you, " replied he; " do you call that a storm? Why, it was nothing at all; give us but a good ship and sea-room, and we think nothing at all; give us but a good ship and sea-room, and we think nothing of such a squall of wind as that; but you ' re but a fresh-water sailor, Bob. Come, let us make a bowl of punch, and we ' ll forget all that; d ' ye see what charming weather ' tis now? " To make short this sad part of my story, we went the old way of all sailors; the punch was made, and I was made drunk with it, and in that one night ' s wickedness I drowned all my repentance, all my reflections upon my past conduct, and all my resolutions for my future. In a word, as the sea was returned to its smoothness of surface and settled calmness by the abatement of that storm, so the hurry of my thoughts being over, my fears and apprehensions of being swallowed up by the sea being forgotten, and the current of my former desires returned, I entirely forgot the vows and promises that I made in my distress. I found indeed some intervals of reflection, and the serious thoughts did, as it were, endeavor to return again sometime; but I shook them off, and roused myself from them as it were from a distemper, and applying myself to drink and company, soon mastered the return of those fits, for so I called them, and I had in five or six days got as complete a victory over conscience as any young fellow that resolved not to be troubled with it could desire. But I was to have another trial for it still; and Providence, as in such cases generally it does, resolved to leave me entirely without excuse. For if I would not take this for a deliverance, the next was to be such a one as the worst and most hardened wretch among us would confess both the danger and the mercy.

The sixth day of our being at sea we came into Yarmouth roads; the wind having been contrary and the weather calm, we made but little way since the storm. Here we were obliged to come to an anchor, and here we lay, the wind continuing contrary, viz., at southwest, for seven or eight days, during which time a great many ships from Newcastle came into the same roads, as the common harbor where the ships might wait for a wind for the river.

We had not, however, rid here so long, but should have tided it up the river, but that the wind blew too fresh; and after we had lain four or five days, blew very hard. However, the roads .being reckoned as good as a harbor, the anchorage good, and our ground-tackle very strong, our men were unconcerned, and not in the least apprehensive of danger, but spent the time in rest and mirth, after the manner of the sea; but the eighth day in the morning the wind increased, and we had all hands at work to strike our topmasts, and make everything snug and close, that the ship might ride as easy as possible. By noon the sea went very high indeed, and our ship rid forecastle in, shipped several seas, and we thought once or twice our anchor had come home; upon which our master ordered out the sheet anchor, so that we rode with two anchors ahead, and the cables veered out to the better end.

By this time it blew a terrible storm indeed, and now I began to see terror and amazement in the faces even of the seamen themselves. The master, though vigilant to the business of perserving the ship, yet as he went in and out of his cabin by me, I could hear him softly to himself say several times, " Lord be merciful to us, we shall be all lost, we shall be all undone "; and the like. During these first hurries I was stupid, lying still in my cabin, which was in the steerage, and cannot describe my temper; I could ill reassume the first penitence, which I had so apparently trampled upon, and hardened myself against; I though the bitterness of death had been past, and that this would be nothing too, like the first. But when the master himself came by me, as I said just now, and said we should be all lost, I was dreadfully frighted; I got up out of my cabin, and looked out but such a dismal sight I never saw: the sea went mountains high, and broke upon us every three or four minutes; when I could look about, I could see nothing but distress round us. Two ships that rid near us we found had cut their masts by the board, being deep loaden; and our men cried out that a ship which rid about ' s mile ahead of us was foundered. Two more ships being driven from their anchors, were run out of the roads to sea at all adventures, and that with not a mast standing. The light ships fared the best, as not so much laboring in the sea; but two or three of them drove, and came close by us, running away with only their sprit-sail out before the wind.

Towards evening the mate and boatswain begged the master of our ship to let them cut away the foremast, which he was very unwilling to. But the boatswain, protesting to him that if he did not the ship would founder, he consented; and when they had cut away the foremast, the mainmast stood so loose, and shook the ship so much, they were obliged to cut her away also, and make a clear deck.

Any one may judge what a condition I must be in all this, who was but a young sailor, and who had been in such a fright before at but a little. But if I can express at this distance the thoughts I had about me at that time, I was in tenfold more horror of mind upon account of my former convictions, and then having returned from them to the resolutions I had wickedly taken at first, than I was at death itself; and these, added to the terror of the storm, put me into such a condition that I can by no words describe it. But the worst was not come yet; the storm continued with such fury that the seamen themselves acknowledged they had never known a worse. We had a good ship, but she was deep loaden, and wallowed in the sea, that the seamen every now and then cried out she would founder. It was my advantage in one respect, that I did not know what they meant by founder till I inquired. However, the storm was so violent that I saw what is not often seen, the master, the boatswain, and some others more sensible than the rest, at their prayers, and expecting every moment when the ship would go to the bottom. In the middle of the night, and under all the rest of our distresses, one of the men that had been down on purpose to see, cried out we had sprung a leak; another said there was four foot water in the hold. Then all hands were called to the pump. At that very word my heart, as I thought, died within me, and I fell backwards upon the side of my bed where I sat, into the cabin. However, the men aroused me, and told me that I, that was able to do nothing before, was as well able to pump as another; at which I stirred up and went to the pump and worked very heartily. While this was doing, the master seeing some light colliers, who, not able to ride out the storm, were obliged to slip and run away to sea, and would come near us, ordered to fire a gun as a signal of distress. I, who knew nothing what that meant, was so surprised that I thought the ship had broke, or some dreadful thing had happened. In a word, I was so surprised that I fell down in a swoon. As this was a time when everybody had his own life to think of, nobody minded me, or what was become of me; but another man stepped up to the pump, and thrusting me aside with his foot, let me lie, thinking I had been dead; and it was a great while before I came to myself.

We worked on, but the water increasing in the hold, it was apparent that the ship would founder, and though the storm began to abate a little, yet as it was not possible she could swim till we might run into a port, so the master continued firing guns for help; and a light ship, who had rid it out just ahead of us, ventured a boat out to help us. It was with the utmost hazard the boat came near us, but it was impossible for us to get on board, or for the boat to lie near the ship ' s side, till at last the men rowing very heartily, and venturing their lives to save ours, our men cast them a rope over the stern with a buoy to it, and then veered it out a great length, which they after great labor and hazard took hold of, and we hauled them close under our stern, and got all into their boat. It was to no purpose for them or us after we were in the boat to think of reaching to their own ship, so all agreed to let her drive, and only to pull her in towards shore as much as we could, and our master promised them that if the boat was staved upon shore he would make it good to their master; so partly rowing and partly driving, our boat went away to the norward, sloping towards the shore almost as far as Winterton Ness.

We were not much more than a quarter of an hour out of our ship but we saw her sink, and then I understood for the first time what was meant by a ship foundering in the sea. I must acknowledge I had hardly eyes to look up when the seamen told me she was sinking; for from that moment they rather put me into the boat than that I might be said to go in; my heart was, as it were, dead within me, partly with fright, partly with horror of mind and the thoughts of what was yet before me.

While we were in this condition, the men yet laboring at the oar to bring the boat near the shore, we could see, when, our boat, mounting the waves, we were able to see the shore "great many people running along the shore to assist us when we should come near. But we made but slow way towards the shore, nor were we able to reach the shore, till being past the lighthouse at Winterton, the shore falls off to the westward towards Cromer, and so the land broke off a little the violence of the wind. Here we got in, and though not without much difficulty got all safe on shore, and walked afterwards on foot to Yarmouth, where, as unfortunate men, we were used with great humanity as well by the magistrates of the town, who assigned us good quarters, as by particular merchants and owners of ships, and had money given us sufficient to carry us either to London or back to Hull, as we thought fit.

Had I now had the sense to have gone back to Hull, and have gone home, I had been happy, and my father, an emblem of our blessed Saviour ' s parable, had even killed the fatted calf for me; for hearing the ship I went away in was cast away in Yarmouth road, it was a great while before he had any assurance that I was not drowned.

But my ill fate pushed me on now with an obstinacy that nothing could resist; and though I had several times loud calls from my reason and my more composed judgment to get home, yet I had no power to do it. I knew not what to call this, nor will I urge that it is a secret overruling decree that hurries us on to be the instruments of our own destruction, even though it be before us, and that we rush upon it with our eyes open. Certainly nothing but some such decreed unavoidable misery attending, and which it was impossible for me to escape, could have pushed me forward against the calm reasonings and persuasions of my most retired thoughts, and against two such visible instructions as I had met with in my first attempt.

My comrade, who had helped to harden me before, and who was the master ' s son, was now less forward than I. The first time he spoke to me after we were at Yarmouth, which was not till two or three days, for we were separated in the town to several quarters --I say, the first time he was me, it appeared his tone was altered, and looking very melancholy and shaking his head, asked me how I did, and telling his father who I was, and how I had came this voyage only for a trial in order to go farther abroad, his father turning to me with a very grave and concerned tone, " Young man, " says he, " you ought never to go to sea any more, you ought to take this for a plain and visible token, that you are not to be a seafaring man. " " Why, sir, " said I, " will you go to sea no more? " " That is another case, " said he; " it is my calling, and therefore my duty; but as you made this voyage for a trial, you see what a task Heaven has given you of what you are to expect if you persist; perhaps this is all befallen us on your account, like Jonah in the ship of Tarshish. Pray, "continues he, " what are you? and on what account did you go to sea? " Upon that I told him some of my story, at the end of which he burst out with a strange kind of passion. "What had I done, " says he, " that such an unhappy wretch should come into my ship? I would not set my foot in the same ship with thee again for a thousand pounds. " This, indeed, was, as I said, an excursion of his spirits, which were got agitated by the sense of his loss, and was farther than he could have authority to go. However, he afterwards talked very gravely to me, exhorted me to go back to my father, and not tempt Providence to my ruin; told me I might see a visible hand of Heaven against me. " And, young man, " said he, " depend upon it, if you do not go back, wherever you go you will meet with nothing but disasters and disappointments, till your father ' s words are fulfilled upon you. "

We parted soon after; for I made him little answer, and I saw him no more; which way he went, I know not. As for me, having some money in my pocket, I travelled to London by land; and there, as well as on the road, had many struggles with myself what course of life I should take, and whether I should go home or go to sea.

As to going home, shame opposed the best motions that offered to my thoughts; and it immediately occurred to me how I should be laughed at among the neighbors, and should be ashamed to see, not my father and mother only but even everybody else; from whence I have since often observed how incongruous and irrational the common temper of mankind is, especially of youth, to the reason which ought to guide them in such cases, viz., that they are not ashamed to sin, and yet are ashamed to repent; not ashamed of the action for which they ought justly to be esteemed fools, but are ashamed of the returning, which only can make them be esteemed wise men.

In this state of life, however, I remained some time, uncertain what measures to take, and what course of life to lead. An irresistible reluctance continued to going home; and as I stayed a while, the remembrance of the distress I had been in wore off, and as that abated, the little motion I had in my desires to a return wore off with it, till at last I quite laid aside the thoughts of it, and looked out for a voyage.

Chapter 2. SLAVERY AND ESCAPE

That evil influence which carried me first away from my father ' s house, that hurried me into the wild and indigested notion of raising my fortune, and that impressed those conceits so forcibly upon me as to make me deaf to all good advice, and to the entreaties and even command of my father --I say, the same influence, whatever it was, presented the most unfortunate of all enterprises to my view; and I went on board a vessel bound to the coast of Africa, or as our sailors vulgarly call it, a voyage to Guinea.

It was my great misfortune that in all these adventures I did not ship myself as a sailor, whereby, though I might indeed have worked a little harder than ordinary, yet at the same time I had learned the duty and office of a foremast man, and in time might have qualified myself for a mate or lieutenant, if not for a master. But as it was always my fate to choose for the worse, so I did here; for having money in my pocket, and good clothes upon my back, I would always go on board in the habit of a gentleman; and so I neither had any business in the ship, or learned to do any.

It was my lot first of all to fall into pretty good company in London, which does not always happen to such loose and misguided young fellows as I then was; the devil generally not omitting to lay some snare for them very early; but it was not so with me. I first fell acquainted with the master of a ship who had been on the coast of Guinea, and who, having had very good success there, was resolved to go again; and who, taking a fancy to my conversation, which was not at all disagreeable at that time, hearing me say I had a mind to see the world, told me if I would go the voyage with him I should be at no expense; I should be his messmate and his companion; and if I could carry anything with me, I should have all the advantage of it that the trade would admit, and perhaps I might meet with some encouragement.

I embraced the offer; and, entering into a strict friendship with this captain, who was an honest and plain-dealing man, I went the voyage with him, and carried a small adventure with me, which by the disinterested honesty of my friend the captain, I increased very considerably, for I carried about L40 in such toys and trifles as the captain directed me to buy. This L40 I had mustered together by the assistance of some of my relations whom I corresponded with, and who, I believe, got my father, or at least my mother, to contribute so much as that to my first adventure.

This was the only voyage which I may say was successful in all my adventures, and which I owe to the integrity and honesty of my friend the captain; under whom also I got a competent knowledge of the mathematics and the rules of navigation, learned how to keep an account of the ship ' s course, to take an observation, and, in short, to understand some things that were needful to be understood by a sailor. For, as he took delight to introduce me, I took delight to learn; and, in a word, this voyage made me both a sailor and a merchant; for I brought home five pounds nine ounces of gold dust for my adventure, which yielded me in London at my return almost L300, and this filled me with those aspiring thoughts which have since so completed my ruin.

Yet even in this voyage I had my misfortunes too; particularly, that I was continually sick, being thrown into a violent calenture by the excessive heat of the climate; our principal trading being upon the coast, for the latitude of 15 degrees north even to the line itself.

I was not set up for a Guineatrader; and my friend, to my great misfortune, dying soon after his arrival, I resolved to go the same voyage again, and I embarked in the same vessel with one who was his mate in the former voyage, and had now got the command of the ship. This was the unhappiest voyage that ever man made; for though I did not carry quite L100 of my new-gained wealth, so that I had L200 left, and which I lodged with my friend ' s widow, who was very just to me, yet I fell into terrible misfortunes in this voyage; and from the first was this, viz., our ship making her course towards the Canary Islands, or rather between those islands and the African shore, was surprised in the gray of the morning by a Turkish rover of Sallee, who gave chase to us with all the sail she could make. We crowded also as much canvas as our yards would spread, or our masts carry, to have got clear; but finding the pirate gained upon us, and would certainly come up with us in a few hours, we prepared to fight, our ship having twelve guns, and the rogue eighteen. About three in the afternoon he came up with us, and bringing to, by mistake, just athwart our quarter, instead of athwart our stern, as he intended, we brought eight of our guns to bear on that side, and poured in a broadside upon him, which made him sheer off again, after returning our fire and pouring in also his small-shot from near 200 men which he had on board. However, we had not a man touched, all our men keeping close. He prepared to attack us again, and we to defend ourselves; but laying us on board the next time upon our other quarter, he entered sixty men upon our decks, who immediately fell to cutting and hacking the decks and rigging. We plied them with small-shot, half-pikes, powder-chests, and such like, and cleared our deck of them twice. However, to cut short this melancholy part of our story, our ship being disabled, and three of our men killed and eight wounded, we were obliged to yield, and were carried all prisoners into Sallee, a port belonging to the Moors.

The usage I had there was not so dreadful as at first I had apprehended, nor was I carried up the country to the emperor ' s court, as the rest of our men were, but was kept by the captain of the rover as his proper prize, and made his slave, being young and nimble, and fit for his business. At this surprising change of my circumstances from a merchant to a miserable slave, I was perfectly overwhelmed; and now I looked back upon my father ' s prophetic discourse to me, that I should be miserable, and have none to relieve me, which I thought was now so effectually brought to pass, that it could not be worse; that now the hand of Heaven had overtaken me, and I was undone without redemption. But alas! this was but a taste of the misery I was to go through, as will appear in the sequel of this story.

As my new patron, or master, had taken me home to his house, so I was in hopes that he would take me with him when he went to sea again, believing that it would some time or other be his fate to be taken by a Spanish or Portugal man-of-war; and that then I should be set at liberty. But this hope of mine was soon taken away; for when he went to sea, he left me on shore to look after his little garden, and do the common drudgery of slaves about his house; and when he came home again from his cruise, he ordered me to lie in the cabin to look after the ship.

Here I meditated nothing but my escape, and what method I might take to effect it, but found no way that had the least probability in it. Nothing presented to make the supposition of it rational; for I had nobody to communicate it to that would embark with me, no fellow-slave, no Englishman, Irishman, or Scotsman there but myself; so that for two years, though I often pleased myself with the imagination, yet I never had the least encouraging prospect of putting it in practice.

After about two years an odd circumstance presented itself, which put the old thought of making some attempt for my liberty again in my head. My patron lying at home longer than usual without fitting out his ship, which, as I heard, was for want of money, he used constantly, once or twice a week, sometimes oftener, if the weather was fair, to take the ship ' s pinnace, and go out into the road a-fishing; and as he always took me and a young Maresco with him to row the boat, we made him very merry, and I proved very dexterous in catching fish; insomuch, that sometimes he would send me with a Moor, one of his kinsmen, and the youth the Maresco, as they called him, to catch a dish of fish for him.

It happened one time that, going a-fishing in a stark calm morning, a fog rose so thick, that though we were not half a league from the shore we lost sight of it; and rowing we knew not whither or which way, we labored all day, and all the next night, and when the morning came found we were pulled off to sea instead of pulling in for the shore; and that we were at least two leagues from the shore. However, we got well in again, though with a great deal of labor, and some danger, for the wind began to blow pretty fresh in the morning; but particularly we were all very hungry.

But our patron, warned by this disaster, resolved to take more care of himself for the future; and having lying by him the longboat of our English ship which he had taken, he resolved he would not go a-fishing any more without a compass and some provision; so he ordered the carpenter of his ship, who was also an English slave, to build a little state-room, or cabin, in the middle of the longboat, like that of a barge, with a place to stand behind it to steer and haul home the main-sheet, and room before for a hand or two to stand and work the sails. She sailed with what we call a shoulder-of-mutton sail; and the boom jabbed over the top of the cabin, which lay very snug and low, and had in it room for him to lie, with a slave or two, and a table to eat on, with some small lockers to put in some bottles of such liquor as he thought fit to drink; particularly his bread, rice, and coffee.

We went frequently out with this boat a-fishing, and as I was most dexterous to catch fish for him, he never went without me. It happened that he had appointed to go out in this boat, either for pleasure or for fish, with two or three Moors of some distinction in that place, and for whom he had provided extraordinarily; and had therefore sent on board the boat over night a larger store of provisions than ordinary; and had ordered me to get ready three fuzees with powder and shot, which were on board his ship, for that they designed some sport of fowling as well as fishing.

I got all things ready as he had directed, and waited the next morning with the boat, washed clean, her ancient and pendants out, and everything to accommodate his guests; when by and by my patron came on board alone, and told me his guests had put off going, upon some business that fell out, and ordered me with the man and boy, as usual, to go out with the boat and catch them some fish, for that his friends were to sup at his house; and commanded that as soon as I had got some fish, I should bring it home to his house; all which I prepared to do.

This moment my former notions of deliverance darted into my thoughts, for now I found I was like to have a little ship at my command; and my master being gone, I prepared to furnish myself, not for a fishing business, but for a voyage; though I knew not, neither did I so much as consider, whither I should steer; for anywhere, to get out of that place, was my way.

My first contrivance was to make a pretence to speak to this Moor, to get something for our subsistence on board; for I told him we must not presume to eat of our patron ' s bread. He said that was true; so he brought a large basket of rusk or biscuit of their kind, and three jars with fresh water, into the boat. I knew where my patron ' s case of bottles stood, which it was evident by the make were taken out of some English prize; and I conveyed them into the boat while the Moor was on shore, as if they had been there before for our master. I conveyed also a great lump of beeswax into the boat, which weighed above half a hundredweight, with a parcel of twine or thread, a hatchet, a saw, and a hammer, all of which were great use to us afterwards, especially the wax to make candles. Another trick I tried upon him, which he innocently came into also. His name was Ishmael, who they call Muly, or Moely; so I called to him, " Moely, " said I, " our patron ' s guns are on board the boat; can you not get a little powder and shot? It may be we may kill some alcamies (a fowl like our curlews) for ourselves, for I know he keeps the gunner ' s stores in the ship. " " Yes, " says he, " I ' ll bring some "; and accordingly he brought a great leather pouch which held about a pound an a half of powder, or rather more; and another with shot, that had five or six pounds, with some bullets, and put all into the boat. At the same time I had found some powder of my master ' s in the great cabin, with which I filled one of the large bottles in the case, which was almost empty, pouring what was in it into another; and thus furnished with everything needful, we sailed out of the port to fish. The castle, which is at the entrance of the port, knew who we were, and took no notice of us; and we were not above a mile out of the port before we hauled in our sail, and set us down to fish. The wind blew from the NNE., which was contrary to my desire; for had it blown southerly I had been sure to have made the coast of Spain, and at least reached to the bay of Cadiz; but my resolutions were, blow which way it would, I would be gone from the horrid pl ace where I was, and leave the rest to Fate.

After we had fished some time and catched nothing, for when I had fish on my hook I would not pull them up, that he might not see them, I said to the Moor, " This will not do; our master will not be thus served; we must stand farther off. " He, thinking no harm, agreed, and being in the head of the boat set the sails; and as I had the helm I run the boat out near a league farther, and then brought her to as if I would fish; when giving the boy the helm, I stepped forward to where the Moor was, and making as if I stooped for something behind him, I took him by surprise with my arm under his twist, and tossed him clear overboard into the sea. He rose immediately, for he swam like a cork, and called to me, begged to be taken in, told me he would go all the world over with me. He swam so strong after the boat, that he would have reached me very quickly, there being but little wind; upon which I stepped into the cabin, and fetching one of the fowling-pieces, I presented it at him, and told him I had done him no hurt, and if he would be quiet I would do him none. " But, said I, " you swim well enough to reach to the shore, and the sea is calm; make the best of your way to shore, and I will do you no harm; but if you come near the boat I ' ll shoot you through the head, for I am resolved to have my liberty. " So he turned himself about, and swam for the shore, and I make no doubt but he reached it with ease, for he was an excellent swimmer.

I could have been content to have taken this Moor with me, and have drowned the boy, but there was no venturing to trust him. When he was gone I turned to the boy, whom they called Xury, and said to him, " Xury, if you will be faithful to me I ' ll make you a great man; but if you will not stroke your face to be true to me, " this is, swear by Mahomet and his father ' s beard, " I must throw you into the sea too. " The boy smiled in my face, and spoke so innocently, that I could not mistrust him, and swore to be faithful to me, and go all over the world with me.

While I was in view of the Moor that was swimming, I stood out directly to sea with the boat, rather stretching to windward, that they might think me gone towards the straits ' mouth (as indeed any one that had been in their wits must have been supposed to do); for who would have supposed we were sailed on to the southward to the truly barbarian coast, where whole nations of negroes were sure to surround us with their canoes, and destroy us; where we could ne ' er once go on shore but we should be devoured by savage beasts, or more merciless savages of humankind?

But as soon as it grew dusk in the evening, I changed my course, and steered directly south and by east, bending my course a little toward the east, that I might keep in with the shore; and having a fair, fresh gale of wind, and a smooth, quiet sea, I made such sail that I believe by the next day at three o ' clock in the afternoon, when I first made the land, I could not be less than 150 miles south of Sallee; quite beyond the Emperor of Morocco ' s dominions, or indeed of any other king thereabouts, for we saw no people.

Yet such was the fright I had taken at the Moors, and the dreadful apprehensions I had of falling into their hands, that I would not stop, or go on shore, or come to an anchor, the wind continuing fair, till I had sailed in that manner five days; and then the wind shifting to the southward, I concluded also that if any of our vessels were in chase of me, they also would now give over; so I ventured to make to the coast, and came to an anchor in the mouth of a little river, I knew not what, or where; neither what latitude, what country, what nations, or what river. I neither saw, nor desired to see, any people; the principal thing I wanted was fresh water. We came into this creek in the evening, resolving to swim on shore as soon as it was dark, and discover the country; but as soon as it was quite dark we heard such dreadful noises of the barking, roaring, and howling of wild creatures, of we knew not what kinds, that the poor boy was ready to die with fear, and begged me not to go on shore till day. " Well, Xury, " said I, " then I won ' t; but it may be we may see men by day, who will be as bad to us as these lions. " " Then we give them the shoot gun, " says Xury, laughing; " make them run ' way. " Such English Xury spoke by conversing among us slaves. However, I was glad to see the boy so cheerful, and I gave him a dram (out of our patron ' s case of bottles) to cheer him up. After all, Xury ' s advice was good, and I took it; we dropped our little anchor and lay still all night. I say still, for we slept none; for in two or three hours we saw vast great creatures (we knew not what to call them) of many sorts come down to the sea-shore and run into the water, wallowing and washing themselves for the pleasure of cooling themselves; and they made such hideous howlings and yellings, that I never indeed heard the like.

Xury was dreadfully frightened, and indeed so was I too; but we were both more frighted when we heard one of these mighty creatures come swimming towards our boat; we could not see him, but we might hear him by his blowing to be a monstrous huge and furious beast. Xury said it was a lion, and it might be so for aught I know; but poor Xury cried to me to weigh the anchor and row away. " No, " says I, " Xury; we can slip our cable with the buoy to it, and go off to sea; they cannot follow us far. " I had no sooner said so, but I perceived the creature (whatever it was) within two oars ' length, which something surprised me; however, I immediately stepped to the cabin door, and taking up my gun, fired at him, upon which he immediately turned about and swam towards the shore again.

But is is impossible to describe the horrible noises, and hideous cries and howlings, that were raised, as well upon the edge of the shore as higher within the country, upon the noise or report of the gun, a thing I have some reason to believe those creatures had never heard before. This convinced me that there was no going on shore for us in the night upon that coast; and how to venture on shore in the day was another question too; for to have fallen into the hands of any of the savages, had been as bad as to have fallen into the hands of lions and tigers; at least we were equally apprehensive of the danger of it.

Be that as it would, we were obliged to go on shore somewhere or other for water, for we had not a pint left in the boat; when or where to get to it, was the point. Xury said if I would let him go on shore with one the jars, he would find if there was any water, and bring some to me. I asked him why he should go? Why I should not go and he stay in the boat? The boy answered with so much affection, that made me love him ever after. Says he, " If wild mans come, they eat me, you go way. " " Well, Xury, " said I, " we will both go; and if the wild mans come, we will kill them, they shall eat neither of us. " So I gave Xury a piece of rusk bread to eat, and a dram out of our patron ' s case of bottles which I mentioned before; and we hauled in the boat as near the shore as we thought was proper, and so waded on shore, carrying nothing but our arms and two jars for water.

I did not care to go out of sight of the boat, fearing the coming of canoes with savages down the river; but the boy seeing a low place about a mile up the country, rambled to it; and by and by I saw him come running towards me. I thought he was pursued by some savage, or frighted with some wild beast, and I ran forward towards him to help him; but when I came nearer to him, I saw something hanging over his shoulders, which was a creature that he had shot, like a hare, but different in color, and longer legs. However, we were very glad of it, and it was very good meat; but the great joy that poor Xury came with was to tell me he had found good water, and seen no wild mans.

But we found afterwards that we need not take such pains for water, for a little higher up the creek where we were we found the water fresh when the tide was out, which flowed but a little way up; so we filled our jars, and feasted on the hare we had killed, and prepared to go on our way, having seen no footsteps of any human creatures in that part of the country.

As I had been one voyage to this coast before, I knew very well that the Islands of the Canaries, and the Cape de Verde Islands also, lay not far off from the coast. But as I had no instruments to take an observation to know what latitude we were in, and did not exactly know, or at least remember, what latitude they were in, I knew not where to look for them, or when to stand off to sea towards them; otherwise I might now easily have found some of these islands. But my hope was, that if I stood along this coast till I came to that part where the English traded, I should find some of their vessels upon their usual design of trade, that would relieve and take us in.

By the best of my calculation, that place where I now was must be that country which, lying between the Emperor of Morocco ' s dominions and the negroes, lies waste and uninhabited, except by wild beasts; the negroes having abandoned it and gone farther south for fear of the Moors, and the Moors not thinking it worth inhabiting, by reason of its barrenness; and indeed both forsaking it because of the prodigious number of tigers, lions, leopards, and other furious creatures which harbor there; so that the Moors use it for their hunting only, where they go like an army, two or three thousand men at a time; and indeed for near a hundred miles together upon this coast we saw nothing but a waste uninhabited country by day, and heard nothing but howlings and roarings of wild beasts by night.

Once or twice in the daytime I thought I saw the Pico of being the high top of the Mountain Teneriffe in the Canaries, and had a great mind to venture out in hopes of reaching thither; but having tried twice, I was forced in again by contrary winds, the sea also going too high for my little vessel; so I resolved to pursue my first design, and keep along the shore.

Several times I was obliged to land for fresh water after we had left this place; and once in particular, being early in the morning, we came to an anchor under a little point of land which was pretty high; and the tide beginning to flow, we lay still to go farther in. Xury, whose eyes were more about them than it seems mine were, calls softly to me, and tells me that we had best go farther off the shore; " For, " says he, " look, yonder lies a dreadful monster on the side of that hillock fast asleep. " I looked where he pointed, and saw a dreadful monster indeed, for it was a terrible great lion that lay on the side of the shore, under the shade of a piece of the hill that hung as it were a little over him. " Xury, " says I, " you shall go on shore and kill him. " Xury looked frighted, and said, " Me kill! he eat me at one mouth; " one mouthful he meant. However, I said no more to the boy, but bade him lie still, and I took our biggest gun, which was almost musketbore, and loaded it with a good charge of powder, and with two slugs, and laid it down; then I loaded another gun with two bullets; and the third (for we had three pieces) I loaded with five smaller bullets. I took the best aim I could with the first piece to have him shot into the head, but he lay so with his leg raised a little above his nose, that the slugs hit his leg about the knee, and broke the bone. He started up growling at first, but finding his leg broke, fell down again, and then got up upon three legs and gave the most hideous roar that ever I heard. I was a little surprised that I had not hit him on the head. However, I took up the second piece immediately, and, though he began to move off, fired again, and shot him into the head, and had the pleasure to him drop, and make but little noise, but lay struggling for life. Then Xury took heart, and would have me let him go on shore. " Well, go, " said I; so the boy jumped into the water, and taking a little gun in one hand, swam to shore with the other hand, and coming close to the creature, put the muzzle of the piece to his ear, and shot him into the head again, which despatched him quite.

This was game indeed to us, but this was no food; and I was very sorry to lose three charges of powder and shot upon a creature that was good for nothing to us. However, Xury said he would have some of him; so he comes on board, and asked me to give him the hatchet. " For what, Xury? " said I. " Me cut off his head, " said he. However, Xury could not cut off his head, but he cut off a foot, and brought it with him, and it was a monstrous great one.

I bethought myself, however, that perhaps the skin of him might one way or other be of some value to us; and I resolved to take off his skin if I could. So Xury and I went to work with him; but Xury was much the better workman at it, for I knew very ill how to do it. Indeed, it took us both the whole day, but at last we got off the hide of him, and spreading it on the top of our cabin, the sun effectually dried it in two days ' time, and it afterwards served me to lie upon.

Chapter 3. WRECKED ON A DESERT ISLAND

After this stop we made on to the southward continually for ten or twelve days, living very sparing on our provisions, which began to abate very much, and going no oftener into the shore than we were obliged to for fresh water. My design in this was to make the river Gambia or Senegal --that is to say, anywhere about the Cape de Verde --where I was in hopes to meet with some European ship; and if I did not, I knew not what course I had to take, but to seek out for the lands, or perish there among the negroes. I knew that all the ships from Europe, which sailed either to the coast of Guinea or to Brazil, or to the East Indies, made this cape, or those islands; and in a word, I put the whole of my fortune upon this single point, either that I must meet with some ship, or must perish.

When I had pursued this resolution about ten days longer, as I have said, I began to see that the land was inhabited; and in two or three places, as we sailed by, we saw people stand upon the shore to look at us; we could also perceive they were quite black, and stark naked. I was once inclined to have gone on shore to them; but Xury was my better counsellor, and said to me. " No go, no go. " However, I hauled in nearer the shore that I might talk to them, and I found they ran along the shore by me a good way. I observed they had no weapons in their hands, except one, who had a long slender stick, which Xury said was a lance, and that they would throw them a great way with good aim. So I kept a distance, but talked with them by signs as well as I could, and particularly made signs for something to eat; they beckoned to me to stop my boat, and that they would fetch me some meat. Upon this I lowered the top of my sail, and lay by, and two of them ran up into the country, and in less than half an hour came back, and brought with them two pieces of dried flesh and some corn, such as is the produce of their country; but we neither knew what the one or the other was. However, we were willing to accept it, but how to come at it was our next dispute, for I was not for venturing on shore to them, and they were as much afraid to us; but they took a safe way for us all, for they brought it to the shore and laid it down, and went and stood a great way off till we fetched it on board, and then came close to us again.

We made signs of thanks to them, for we had nothing to make them amends. But an opportunity offered that very instant to oblige them wonderfully; for while we were lying by the shore came two mighty creatures, one pursuing the other (as we took it) with great fury from the mountains towards the sea; whether it was the male pursuing the female, or whether they were in sport or in rage, we could not tell, any more than we could tell whether it was usual or strange, but I believe it was the latter; because in the first place, those ravenous creatures seldom appear but in the night; and in the second place, we found the people terribly frightened, especially the women. The man that had the lance or dart did not fly from them, but the rest did; however, as the two creatures ran directly into the water, they did not seem to offer to fall upon any of the negroes, but plunged themselves into the sea, and swam about, as if they had come for their diversion. At last, one of them began to come nearer our boat than at first I expected; but I lay ready for him, for I had loaded my gun with all possible expedition, and bade Xury load both the others. As soon as he came fairly within my reach, I fired, and shot him directly into the head; immediately he sunk down into the water, but rose instantly, and plunged up and down, as if he was struggling for life, and so indeed he was. He immediately made to the shore; but between the wound, which was his mortal hurt, and the strangling of the water, he died just before he reached the shore.

It is impossible to express the astonishment of these poor creatures, at the noise and the fire of my gun; some of them were even ready to die for fear, and fell down as dead with the very terror. But when they saw the creature dead, and sunk in the water, and that I made signs to them to come to the shore, they took heart and came to the shore, and began to search for the creature. I found him by his blood staining the water: and by the help of a rope, which I slung round him, and gave the negroes to haul, they dragged him on the shore, and found that it was a most curious leopard, spotted, and fine to an admirable degree; and the negroes held up their hands with admiration, to think what it was I had killed him with.

The other creature, frighted with the flash of fire and the noise of the gun, swam on shore, and ran directly to the mountains from whence they came; nor could I, at that distance, know what it was. I found quickly the negroes were for eating the flesh of this creature, so I was willing to have them take it as a favor from me; which, when I made signs to them that they might take him, they were very thankful for. Immediately they fell to work with him; and though they had no knife yet, with a sharpened piece of wood, they took off his skin as readily, and much more readily, than we could have done it with a knife. They offered me some of the flesh, which I declined, making as if I would give it them, but made signs for the skin, which they gave me very freely, and brought me a great deal more of their provision, which, though I did not understand, yet I accepted. Then I made signs to them for some water, and held out one of my jars to them, turning it bottom upward, to show that it was empty, and that I wanted to have it filled. The called immediately to some of their friends, and there came two women, and brought a great vessel made of earth, and burnt, as I suppose, in the sun; this they set down for me, as before, and I sent Xury on shore with my jars, and filled them all three. There women were as stark naked as the men.

I was now furnished with roots and corn, such as it was, and water; and leaving my friendly negroes, I made forward for about eleven days more, without offering to go near the shore, till I saw the land run out a great length into the sea, at about the distance of four or five leagues before me; and the sea being very calm, I kept a large offing, to make this point. At length, doubling the point, at about two leagues from the land, I saw plainly land on the other side, to seaward; then I concluded, as it was most certain indeed, that this was the Cape de Verde, and those the islands, called from thence Cape de Verde Islands. However, they were at a great distance, and I could not well tell what I had best to do; for if I should be taken with a fresh of wind, I might neither reach one or other.

In this dilemma, as I was very pensive, I stepped into the cabin, and sat me down, Xury having the helm; when, on a sudden, the boy cried out, " Master, master, a ship with a sail! "and the foolish boy was frighted out of his wits, thinking it must needs be some of his master ' s ships sent to pursue us, when I knew we were gotten far enough out of their reach. I jumped out of the cabin, and immediately saw, not only the ship, but what she was, viz., that it was a Portuguese ship, and, as I thought, was bound to the coast of Guinea, for negroes. But when I observed the course she steered, I was soon convinced they were bound some other way, and did not design to come any nearer to the shore; upon which I stretched out to sea as much as I could, resolving to speak with them, if possible.

With all the sail I could make, I found I should not be able to come in their way, but they would be gone by before I could make any signal to them; but after I had crowded to the utmost, and began to despair, they, it seems, saw me by the help of their perspective glasses, and that it was some European boat, which, as they supposed, must belong to some ship that was lost, so they shortened sail to let me come up. I was encouraged with this; and as I had my patron ' s ancient on board, I made a waft of it to them for a signal of distress, and fired a gun both of which they say; for they told me they saw the smoke, though they did not hear the gun. Upon these signals they very kindly brought to, and lay by for me; and in about three hours ' time I came up with them.

They asked me what I was, in Portuguese, and in Spanish, and in French, but I understood none of them; but at last a Scots sailor, who was on board, called to me, and I answered him, and told him I was an Englishman, that I had made my escape out of slavery from the Moors, at Sallee. Then they bade me come on board, and very kindly took me in, and all my goods.

It was an inexpressible joy to me, that any one will believe, that I was thus delivered, as I esteemed it, from such a miserable, and almost hopeless, condition as I was in; and I immediately offered all I had to the captain of the ship, as a return for my deliverance. But he generously told me he would take nothing from me, but that all I had should be delivered safe to me when I came to the Brazils. " For, " says he, " I have saved your life on no other terms than I would be glad to be saved myself; and it may, one time or other, be my lot to be taken up in the same condition. Besides, " says he, " when I carry you to the Brazils, so great a way from your own country, if I should take from you what you have, you will be starved there, and then I only take away that life I have given. No, no, Seignior Inglese, " says he, " Mr. Englishman, I will carry you thither in charity, and those things will help you to buy your subsistence there, and your passage home again. "

As he was charitable in his proposal, so he was just in the performance to a tittle; for he ordered the seamen that none should offer to touch anything I had; then he took everything into his own possession, and gave me back an exact inventory of them, that I might have them, even so much as my three earthen jars.

As to my boat, it was a very good one, and that he saw, and told me he would buy it of me for the ship ' s use, and asked me what I would have for it? I told him he had been so generous to me in everything, that I could not offer to make any price of the boat, but left it entirely to him; upon which he told me he would give me a note of his hand to pay me eighty pieces of eight for it at Brazil, and when it came there, if any one offered to give more, he would make it up. He offered me also sixty pieces of eight for my boy Xury, which I was loth to take; not that I was not willing to let the captain have him, but I was very loth to sell the poor boy ' s liberty, who had assisted me so faithfully in procuring my own. However, when I let him know my reason, he owned it to be just, and offered me this medium, that he would give the boy an obligation to set him free in ten years if he turned Christian. Upon this, and Xury saying he was willing to go to him, I let the captain have him.

We had a very good voyage to the Brazils, and arrived in the Bay de Todos los Santos, or All Saints ' Bay, in about twenty-one days after. And now I was once more delivered from the most miserable of all conditions of life; and what to do next with myself I was now to consider.

The generous treatment the captain gave me, I can never enough remember. He would take nothing of me for my passage, gave me twenty ducats for the leopard ' s skin, and forty for the lion ' s skin, which I had in my boat, and caused everything I had in the ship to be punctually delivered me; and what I was willing to sell he bought, such as the case of bottles, two of my guns, and a piece of the lump of beeswax, —for I had made candles of the rest; in a word, I made about 220 pieces of eight of all my cargo, and with this stock I went on shore in the Brazils. [ ]Nunca he podido olvidar el trato generoso que me dispensó el capitán, que no quiso aceptar nada a cambio de mi viaje y me dio veinte ducados por la piel del leopardo, cuarenta por la del león, me devolvió puntualmente todas mis pertenencias y me compró lo que quise vender, como las botellas, dos de mis armas y el trozo de cera que me había sobrado, pues el resto lo había utilizado para hacer velas. En pocas palabras, vendí mi carga en doscientas veinte piezas de a ocho y, con este acopio, desembarqué en la costa de Brasil.

I had not been long here, but being recommended to the house of a good honest man like himself, who had an ingeino as they call it, that is, a plantation and a sugar-house, I lived with him some time, and acquainted myself by that means with the manner of their planting and making of sugar; and seeing how well the planters lived, and how they grew rich suddenly, I resolved, if I could get license to settle there, I would turn planter among them, resolving in the meantime to find out some way to get my money which I had left in London remitted to me. To this purpose, getting a kind of a letter of naturalization, I purchased as much land that was uncured as my money would reach, and formed a plan for my planation and settlement, and such a one as might be suitable to the stock which I proposed to myself to receive from England.

I had a neighbor, a Portuguese of Lisbon, but born of English parents, whose name was Wells, and in much such circumstances as I was. I call him my neighbor, because his plantation lay next to mine, and we went on very sociably together. My stock was but low, as well as his; and we rather planted for food than anything else, for about two years. However, we began to increase, and our land began to come into order; so that the third year we planted some tobacco, and made each of us a large piece of ground ready for planting canes in the year to come. But we both wanted help; and now I found, more than before, I had done wrong in parting with my boy Xury.

But alas! for me to do wrong that never did right was no great wonder. I had no remedy but to go on. I was gotten into an employment quite remote to my genius, and directly contrary to the life I delighted in, and for which I forsook my father ' s house, and broke through all his good advice; nay, I was coming into the very middle station, or upper degree of low life, which my father advised me to before; and which if I resolved to go on with, I might as well have stayed at home, and never have fatigued myself in the world as I had done. And I used often to say to myself I could have done this as well in England among my friends, as have gone 5,000 miles off to do it among strangers and savages, in a wilderness, and at such a distance as never to hear from any part of the world that had the least knowledge of me.

In this manner I used to look upon my condition with the utmost regret. I had nobody to converse with, but now and then this neighbor; no work to be done, but by the labor of my hands; and I used to say, I lived just like a man cast away upon some desolate island, that had nobody there but himself. But how just has it been! and how should all men reflect, that when they compare their present conditions with others that are worse, Heaven may oblige them to make the exchange, and be convinced of their former felicity by their experience; —I say, how just has it been, that the truly solitary life I reflected on in an island of mere desolation should be my lot, who had so often unjustly compared it with the life which I then led, in which, had I continued, I had in all probability been exceeding prosperous and rich.

I was in some degree settled in my measures for carrying on the plantation before my kind friend, the captain of the ship that took me up at sea, went back; for the ship remained there in providing his loading, and preparing for his voyage, near three months; when telling him what little stock I had left behind me in London, he gave me this friendly and sincere advice: " Seignior Inglese, " says he, for so he always called me, " if you will give me letters, and a procuration here in form to me, with orders to the person who has your money in London to send your effects to Lisbon, to such persons as I shall direct, and in such goods as are proper for this country, I will bring you the produce of them, God willing, at my return. But since human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters, I would have you give orders but for one hundred pounds sterling, which, you say, is half your stock, and let the hazard be run for the first; so that if it come safe, you may order the rest the same way; and if it miscarry, you may have the other half to have recourse to for your supply. "

This was so wholesome advice, and looked so friendly, that I could not but be convinced it was the best course I could take; so I accordingly prepared letters to the gentlewoman with whom I left my money, and a procuration to the Portuguese captain, as he desired.

I wrote the English captain ' s widow a full account of all my adventures; my slavery, escape, and how I had met with the Portugal captain at sea, the humanity of his behavior, and in what consition I was now in, with all necessary directions for my supply. And when this honest captain came to Lisbon, he found means, by some of the English merchants there, to send over not the order only, but a full account of my story to a merchant at London, who represented it effectually to her; whereupon, she not only delivered the money, but out of her own pocket sent the Portugal captain a very handsome present for his humanity and charity to me.

The merchant in London vesting this hundred pounds in English goods, such as the captain had writ for, sent them directly to him at Lisbon, and he brought them all safe to me to the Brazils; among which, without my direction (for I was too young in my business to think of them), he had taken care to have all sorts of tools, iron-work, and utensils necessary for my plantation, and which were of great use to me.

When this cargo arrived, I thought my fortune made, for I was surprised with joy of it; and my good steward, the captain, had laid out the five pounds, which my friend had sent him for a present for himself, to purchase and bring me over a servant under bond for six years ' service, and would not accept of any consideration, except a little tobacco, which I would have him accept, being of my own produce.

Neither was this all; but my goods being all English manufactures such as cloth, stuffs, baise, and things particularly valuable and desirable in the country, I found means to sell them to a very great advantage; so that I may say I had more than four times the value of my first cargo, and was now infinitely beyond my poor neighbor, I mean in the advancement of my plantation; for the first thing I did, I bought me a negro slave, and a European servant also; I mean another besides that which the captain brought me from Lisbon.

But as abused prosperity is oftentimes made the very means of our greatest adversity, so was it with me. I went on the next year with great success in my plantation. I raised fifty great rolls of tobacco on my own ground, more than I had disposed of for necessaries among my neighbors; and these fifty rolls, being each of a hundredweight, were well cured, and laid by against the return of the fleet from Lisbon. And now, increasing in business and in wealth, my head began to be full of projects and undertakings beyond my reach, such as are, indeed, often the ruin of the best heads in business.

Had I continued in the station I was now in, I had room for all the happy things to have yet befallen me for which my father so earnestly recommended a quiet, retired life, and of which he had so sensibly described the middle station of life to be full of. But other things attended me, and I was still to be the willful agent of all my own miseries; and particularly to increase my fault and double the reflections upon myself, which in my future sorrows I should have leisure to make. All these miscarriages were procured by my apparent obstinate adhering to my foolish inclination of wandering abroad, and pursuing that inclination in contradiction to the clearest views of doing myself good in a fair and plain pursuit of those prospects, and those measures of life, which Nature and Providence concurred to present me with, and to make my duty.

As I had once done thus in my breaking away from my parents, so I could not be content now, but I must go and leave the happy view I had of being a rich and thriving man in my new plantation, only to pursue a rash and immoderate desire of rising faster than the nature of the thing admitted; and thus I cast myself down again into the deepest gulf of human misery that ever man fell into, or perhaps could be consistent with life and a state of health in the world.

To come, then, by the just degrees to the particulars of this part of my story. You may suppose, that having now lived almost four years in the Brazils, and beginning to thrive and prosper very well upon my plantation, I had not only learned the language, but had contracted acquaintance and friendship among my fellow-planters, as well as among the merchants at St. Salvador, which was our port, and that in my discourses among them I had frequently given them an account of my two voyages to the coast of Guinea, the manner of trading with the negroes there, and how easy it was to purchase upon the coast for trifles --such as beads, toys, knives, scissors, hatchets, bits of glass, and the like — not only gold-dust, Guinea grains, elephants ' teeth, etc. but negroes, for the service of the Brazils in great numbers.

They listened always very attentively to my discourses on these heads, but especially to that part which related to the buying negroes; which was a trade, at that time, not only not far entered into, but, as far as it was, had been carried on by the assiento, or permission, of the Kings of Spain and Portugal, and engrossed in the public, so that few negroes were brought, and those excessive dear.

It happened, being in company with some merchants and planters of my acquaintance, and talking of those things very earnestly, three of them came to ne the next morning, and told me they had been musing very much upon what I had discoursed with them of, the last night, and they came to make a secret proposal to me. And after enjoining me secrecy, they told me that they had a mind to fit out a ship to go to Guinea; that they had all plantations as well as I, and were straitened for nothing so much as servants; that as it was a trade that could not be carried on because they could not publicly sell the negroes when they came home, so they desired to make but one voyage, to bring the negroes on shore privately, and divide them among their own plantations; and, in a word, the question was, whether I would go their supercargo in the ship, to manage the trading part upon the coast of Guinea; and they offered me that I should have my equal share of the negroes without providing any part of the stock.

This was a fair proposal, it must be confessed, had it been made to any one that had not a settlement and plantation of his own to look after, which was in a fair way of coming to be very considerable, and with a good stock upon it. But for me, that was thus entered and established, and had nothing to do but go on as I had begun, for three or four years more, and to have sent for the other hundred pounds from England; and who, in that time, and with that little addition, could scarce have failed of being worth three or four thousand pounds sterling, and that increasing too --for me to think of such a voyage, was the most preposterous thing that ever man, in such circumstances, could be guilty of.

But I, that was born to be my own destroyer, could no more resist the offer than I could restrain my first rambling designs, when my father ' s good counsel was lost upon me. In a word, I told them I would go with all my heart, if they would undertake to look after my plantation in my absence, and would dispose of it to such as I should direct if I miscarried. This they all engaged to do, and entered into writings or covenants to do so; and I made a formal will disposing of my plantation and effect, in case of my death; making the captain of the ship that had saved my life, as before, my universal heir, but obliging him to dispose of my effects as I had directed in my will; one-half of the produce being to himself, and the other to be shipped to England.

In short, I took all possible caution to preserve my effects and keep up my plantation. Had I used half as much prudence to have looked into my own interest, and have made a judgment of what I ought to have done and not to have done, I had certainly never gone away from so prosperous an undertaking, leaving all the probably views of a thriving circumstance, and gone upon a voyage to sea, attended with all its common hazards, to say nothing of the reasons I had to expect particular misfortunes to myself.

But I was hurried on, and obeyed blindly the dictates of my fancy rather than my reason. And accordingly, the ship being fitted out, and the cargo furnished, and all things done as by agreement by my partners in the voyage, I went on board in an evil hour, the (first) of (September, 1659), being the same day eight year that I went from my father and mother at Hull, in order to act the rebel to their authority, and the fool to my own interest.

Our ship was about 120 tons burthen, carried six guns and fourteen men, besides the master, his boy, and myself. We had on board no large cargo of goods, except of such toys as were fit for our trade with the negroes --such as beads, bits of glass, shells, and odd trifles, especially little looking-glasses, knives, scissors, hatchets, and the like.

The same day I went on board we set sail, standing away to the northward upon our own coast, with design to stretch over for the African coast, when they came about 10 or 12 degrees of northern latitude, which, it seems, was the manner of their course in those days. We had very good weather, only excessive hot, all the way upon our own coast, till we came the height of Cape St. Augustino, from whence, keeping farther off at sea, we lost sight of land, and steered as if we was bound for the Isle Fernando de Noronha, holding our course NE. by N., and leaving those isles on the east. In this course we passed the line in about twelve days ' time, and were, by our last observation, in 7 degrees 22 minutes northern latitude, when a violent tornado, or hurricane, took us quite out of our knowledge. It began from the south-east, came about to the north-west, and then settled into the north-east, from whence it blew in such a terrible manner, that for twelve days together we could do nothing but drive, and, scudding away before it, let it carry us wherever fate and the fury of the winds directed; and during these twelve days I need not say that I expected every day to be swallowed up, nor, indeed, did any in the ship expect to save their lives.

In this distress we had, besides the terror of the storm, one of our men died of the calenture, and one man and the boy washed overboard. About the twelfth day, the weather abating a little, the master made an observation as well as he could, and found that he was in about 11 degrees north latitude, but that he was 22 degrees of longitude difference west from Cape St. Augustino; so that he found he was gotten upon the coast of Guiana, or the north part of Brazil, beyond the river Amazon, toward that of the River Orinoco, commonly called the Great River, and began to consult with me what course he should take, for the ship was leaky and very much disabled, and he was going directly back to the coast of Brazil.

I was positively against that; and looking over the charts of the sea-coast of America with him, we concluded there was no inhabited country for us to have recourse to till we came within the circle of the Caribbee Islands, and, therefore, resolved to stand away for Barbadoes, which by keeping off at sea, to avoid the indraft of the Bay or Gulf of Mexico, we might easily perform, as we hoped, in about fifteen days ' sail; whereas we could not possibly make our voyage to the coast of Africa without some assistance, both to our ship and to ourselves.

With this design we changed our course, and steered away NW. by W. in order to reach some of our English islands, where I hoped for relief; but our voyage was otherwise determined; for being in the latitude of 12 degrees 18 minutes, a second storm came upon us which carried us away with the same impetuosity westward, and drove us so out of the very way of all human commerce, that had all our lives been saved, as to the sea, we were rather in danger of being devoured by savages than ever returning to our own country.

In this distress, the wind still blowing very hard, one of our men early in the morning cried out, " Land! " and we had no sooner ran out of the cabin to look out, in the hopes of seeing whereabouts in the world we were, but the ship struck upon a sand, and in a moment, her motion being so stopped, the sea broke over her in such a manner, that we expected we should all have perished immediately; and we were immediately driven into our close quarters, to shelter us from the very foam and spray of the sea.

It is not easy for any one, who has not been in the like condition, to describe or conceive the consternation of men in such circumstances. We knew nothing where we were, or upon what land it was we were driven, whether an island or the main, whether inhabited or not inhabited; and as the rage of the wind was still great, though rather less than at first, we could not so much as hope to have the ship hold many minutes without breaking in pieces, unless the winds, by a kind of miracle, should turn immediately about. In a word, we sat looking one upon another, and expecting death every moment, and every man acting accordingly, as preparing for another world; for there was little or nothing more for us to do in this. That which was our present comfort, and all the comfort we had, was that, contrary to our expectation, the ship did not break yet, and that the master said the wind began to abate.

Now, though we thought that the wind did a little abate, yet the ship having thus struck upon the sand, and sticking too fast for us to expect her getting off, we were in a dreadful condition indeed, and had nothing to do but to think of saving our lives as well as we could. We had a boat at our stern just before the storm, but she was first staved by dashing against the ship ' s rudder, and in the next place, she broke away, and either sunk, or was driven off to sea, so there was no hope from her; we had another boat on board, but how to get her off into the sea, was a doubtful thing. However, there was no room to debate, for we fancied the ship would break to pieces every minute, and some told us she was actually broken already.

In this distress, the mate of our vessel lays hold of the boat, and with the help of the rest of the men they got her slung over the ship ' s side; and getting all into her, let go, and committed ourselves, being eleven in number, to God ' s mercy, and the wild sea; for though the storm was abated considerably, yet the sea went dreadful high upon the shore, and might well be called den wild zee, as the Dutch call the sea in a storm.

And now our case was very dismal indeed, for we all saw plainly that the sea went so high, that the boat could not live, and that we should be inevitably drowned. As to making sail, we had none; nor, if we had, could we have done anything with it; so we worked at the oar towards the land, though with heavy hearts, like men going to execution, for we all knew that when the boat came nearer the shore, she would be dashed in a thousand pieces by the breach of the sea. However, we committed our souls to God in the most earnest manner; and the wind driving us towards the shore, we hastened our destruction with our own hands, pulling as well as we could towards land.

What the shore was, whether rock or sand, whether steep or shoal, we knew not; the only hope that could rationally give us the least shadow of expectation was, if we might happen into some bay or gulf, or the mouth of some river, where by great chance we might have run our boat in, or got under the lee of the land, and perhaps made smooth water. But there was nothing of this appeared; but as we made nearer and nearer the shore, the land looked more frightful than the sea.

After we had rowed, or rather driven, about a league and a half, as we reckoned it, a raging wave, mountain-like, came rolling astern of us, and plainly bade us expect the coup de grace. In a word, it took us with such a fury, that it overset the boat at once; and separating us, as well from the boat as from one another, gave us not time hardly to say, " O God! "for we were all swallowed up in a moment.

Nothing can describe the confusion of thought which I felt when I sunk into the water; for though I swam very well, yet I could not deliver myself from the waves so as to draw breath, till that wave having driven me, or rather carried me, a vast way on towards the shore, and having spent itself, went back, and left me upon the land almost dry, but half dead with the water I took in. I had so much presence of mind, as well as breath left, that seeing myself nearer the mainland than I expected, I got upon my feet, and endeavored to make on towards the land as fast as I could, before another wave should return and take me up again. But I soon found it was impossible to avoid it; for I saw the sea come after me as high as a great hill, and as furious as an enemy, which I had no means or strength to contend with. My business was to hold my breath, and raise myself upon the water, if I could; and so, by swimming, to preserve my breathing, and pilot myself towards the shore, if possible: my greatest concern now being, that the sea, as it would carry me a great way towards the shore when it came on, might not carry me back again with it when it gave back towards the sea.

The wave that came upon me again, buried me at once 20 or 30 feet deep in its own body, and I could feel myself carried with a mighty force and swiftness towards the shore a very great way; but I held my breath, and assisted myself to swim still forward with all my might. I was ready to burst with holding my breath, when, as I felt myself rising up, so, to my immediate relief, I found my head and hands shoot out above the surface of the water; and though it was not two seconds of time that I could keep myself so, yet it relieved me greatly, gave me breath and new courage. I was covered again with water a good while, but not so long but I held it out; and finding the water had spent itself, and began to return, I struck forward against the return of the waves, and felt ground again with my feet. I stood still a few moments to recover breath, and till the water went from me, and then took to my heels and ran with what strength I had farther towards the shore. But neither would this deliver me from the fury of the sea, which came pouring in after me again, and twice more I was lifted up by the waves and carried forwards as before, the shore being very flat.

The last time of these two had well near been fatal to me; for the sea, having hurried me along as before, landed me, or rather dashed me, against a piece of a rock, and that with such force, as it left me senseless, and indeed helpless, as to my own deliverance; for the blow taking my side and breast, beat the breath, as it were, quite out of my body; and had it returned again immediately, I must have been strangled in the water. But I recovered a little before the return of the waves, and seeing I should be covered again with the water, I resolved to hold fast by a piece of the rock, and so to hold my breath, if possible, till the wave went back. Now, as the waves were not so high as at first, being near land, I held my hold till the wave abated, and then fetched another run, which brought me so near the shore, that the next wave, though it went over me, yet did not so swallow me up as to carry me away, and the next run I took I got to the mainland, where, to my great comfort, I clambered up the cliffs of the shore, and sat me down upon the grass, free from danger, and quite out of the reach of the water.

I was now landed, and safe on shore, and began to look up and thank God that my life was saved in a case wherein there was some minutes before scarce any room to hope. I believe it is impossible to express to the life what the ecstacies and transports of the soul are when it is so saved, as I may say, out of the very grave; and do not wonder now at the custom, viz., that when a malefactor, who has the halter about his neck, is tied up, and just going to be turned off, and has a reprieve brought to him --I say, I do not wonder that they bring a surgeon with it, to let him blood that very moment they tell him of it, that the surprise may not drive the animal spirits from the heart, and overwhelm him:

" For sudden joys, like griefs, confound at first. "

I walked about on the shore, lifting up my hands, and my whole being, as I may say, wrapt up in the contemplation of my deliverance, making a thousand gestures and motions which I cannot describe, reflecting upon all my comrades that were drowned, and that there should not be one soul saved by myself; for, as for them, I never saw them afterwards, or any sign of them except three of their hats, one cap, and two shoes that were not fellows.

I cast my eyes to the stranded vessel, when the breach and froth of the sea being so big, I could hardly see it, it lay so far off, and considered, Lord! how was it possible I could get on shore?

After I had solaced my mind with the comfortable part of my condition, I began to look round me to see what kind of place I was in, and what was next to be done, and I soon found my comforts abate, and that, in a word, I had a dreadful deliverance; for I was wet, had no clothes to shift me, nor anything either to eat or drink to comfort me, neither did I see any prospect before me but that of perishing with hunger, of being devoured by wild beasts; and that which was particularly afflicting to me was that I had no weapon either to hunt and kill any creature for my sustenance, or to defend myself against any other creature that might desire to kill me for theirs. In a word, I had nothing about me but a knife, a tobacco-pipe, and a little tobacco in a box. This was all my provision; and this threw me into terrible agonies of mind, that for a while I ran about like a madman. Night coming upon me, I began, with a heavy heart, to consider what would be my lot if there were any ravenous beasts in that country, seeing at night they always come abroad for their prey.

All the remedy that offered to my thoughts at that time was to get up into a thick bushy tree like a fir, but thorny, which grew near me, and where I resolved to sit all night, and consider the next day what death I should die, for as yet I saw no prospect of life. I walked about a furlong from the shore to see if I could find my fresh water to drink, which I did, to my great joy; having drank, and put a little tobacco in my mouth to prevent hunger, I went to the tree, and getting up into it, endeavored to place myself so as that if I should sleep I might not fall; and having cut me a short stick, like a truncheon, for my defence, I took up my lodging, and having been excessively fatigued, I fell fast asleep, and slept as comfortably as, I believe, few could have done in my condition, and found myself the most refreshed with it that I think I ever was on such an occasion.

Chapter 4. FIRST WEEKS ON THE ISLAND

When I waked it was broad day, the weather clear, and the storm abated, so that the sea did not rage and swell as before. But that which surprised me most was, that the ship was lifted off in the night from the sand where she lay, by the swelling of the tide, and was driven up almost as far as the rock which I first mentioned, where I had been so bruised by the dashing me against it. This being within about a mile from the shore where I was, and the ship seeming to stand upright still, I wished myself on board, that, at least, I might have some necessary things for my use.

When I came down from my apartment in the tree I looked about me again, and the first thing I found was the boat, which lay as the wind and the sea had tossed her up upon the land, about two miles on my right hand. I walked as far as I could upon the shore to have got to her, but found a neck or inlet of water between me and the boat, which was about half a mile broad; so I came back for the present, being more intent upon getting at the ship, where I hoped to find something for my present subsistence.

A little after noon I found the sea very calm, and the tide ebbed so far out, that I could come within a quarter of a mile of the ship; and here I found a fresh renewing of my grief, for I saw evidently, that if we had kept on board we had been all safe, that is to say, we had all got safe on shore, and I had not been so miserable as to be left entirely destitute of all comfort and company, and I now was. This forced tears from my eyes again; but as there was little relief in that, I resolved, if possible, to get to the ship; so I pulled off my clothes, for the weather was hot to extremity, and took the water. But when I came to the ship, my difficulty was still greater to know how to get on board; for as she lay aground, and high out of the water, there was nothing within my reach to lay hold of. I swam round her twice, and the second time I spied a small piece of rope, which I wondered I did not see at first, hang down by the fore-chains so low as that with great difficulty I got hold of it, and by the help of that rope got up into the forecastle of the ship. Here I found that the ship was bulged, and had a great deal of water in her hold, but that she lay so on the side of a bank of hard sand, or rather earth, that her stern lay lifted up upon the bank, and her head low almost to the water. By this means all her quarter was free, and all that was in that part was dry; for you may be sure my first work was to search and to see what was spoiled and what was free. And first I found that all the ship ' s provisions were dry and untouched by the water; and being very well disposed to eat, I went to the bread-room and filled my pockets with biscuit, and eat it as I went about other things, for I had no time to lose. I also found some rum in the great cabin, of which I took a large dram, and which I had indeed need enough of to spirit me for what was before me. Now I wanted nothing but a boat, to furnish myself with many things which I foresaw would be very necessary to me.

It was in vain to sit still and wish for what was not to be had, and this extremity roused my application. We had several spare yards, and two or three large spars of wood, and a spare topmast or two in the ship. I resolved to fall to work with these, and flung as many of them overboard as I could manage for their weight, tying every one with a rope, that they might not drive away. When this was done I went down the ship ' s side, and, pulling them to me, I tied four of them fast together at both ends as well as I could, in the form of a raft; and laying two or three short pieces of plank upon them, crossways, I found I could walk upon it very well, but that it was not able to bear any great weight, the pieces being too light. So I went to work, and with the carpenter ' s saw I cut up a spare topmast into three lengths, and added them to my raft, with a great deal of labor and pains; but hope of furnishing myself with necessaries encouraged me to go beyond what I should have been able to have done upon another occasion.

My raft was not strong enough to bear any reasonable weight. My next care was what to load it with, and how to preserve what I laid upon it from the surf of the sea; but I was not long considering this. I first laid all the planks or boards upon it that I could get, and having considered well what I most wanted, I first got three of the seamen ' s chests, which I had broken open and emptied, and lowered them down upon my raft. The first of these I filled with provisions, viz., bread, rice, three Dutch cheeses, five pieces of dried goat ' s flesh, which we lived much upon, and a little remainder of European corn, which had been laid by for some fowls which we brought to sea with us, but the fowls were killed. There had been some barley and wheat together, but, to my great disappointment, I found afterwards that the rats had eaten or spoiled it all. As for liquors, I found several cases of bottles belonging to our skipper, in which were some cordial waters, and, in all, about five or six gallons of rack. These I stowed by themselves, there being no need to put them into the chest, nor no room for them. While I was doing this, I found the tide began to flow, though very calm, and I had the mortification to see my coat, shirt, and waistcoat, which I had left on shore upon the sand, swim away; as for my breeches, which were only linen, and open-kneed, I swam on board in them, and my stockings. However, this put me upon rummaging for clothes, of which I found enough, but took no more than I wanted for present use; for I had other things which my eye was more upon, as first tools to work with on shore; and it was after long searching that I found out the carpenter ' s chest, which was indeed a very useful prize to me, and much more valuable than a ship-loading of gold would have been at that time. I got it down to my raft, even whole as it was, without losing time to look into it, for I knew in general what it contained.

My next care was for some ammunition and arms; there were two very good fowling-pieces in the great cabin, and two pistols; these I secured first, with some powder-horns, and a small bag of shot, and two old rusty swords. I knew there were three barrels of powder in the ship, but knew not where our gunner had stowed them; but with much search I found them, two of them dry and good, third had taken water; those two I got to my raft with the arms. And now I thought myself pretty well frighted, and began to think how I should get to shore with them, having neither sail, oar, nor rudder; and the least capful of wind would have overset all my navigation.

I had three encouragements. 1. A smooth, calm sea. 2. The tide rising and setting in to the shore. 3. What little wind there was blew me towards the land. And thus, having found two or three broken oars belonging to the boat, and besides the tools which were in the chest, I found two saws, an axe, and a hammer, and with this cargo I put to sea. For a mile or thereabouts my raft went very well, only that I found it drive a little distant from the place where I had landed before, by which I perceived that there was some indraft of water, and consequently I hoped to find some creek or river there, which I might make use of as a port to get to land with my cargo.

As I imagined, so it was; there appeared before me a little opening of the land, and I found a strong current of the tide set into it, so I guided my raft as well as I could to keep in the middle of the stream. But here I had like to have suffered a second shipwreck, which, if I had, I think verily would have broke my heart, for knowing nothing of the coast, my raft ran aground at one end of it upon a shoal, and not being aground at the other end, it wanted but a little that all my cargo had slipped off towards that end that was afloat, and so fallen into the water. I did my utmost by setting my back against the chests to keep them in their places, but could not thrust off the raft with all my strength, neither durst I stir from the posture I was in, but holding up the chests with all my might, stood in that manner near half an hour, in which time the rising of the water brought me a little more upon a level; and a little after, the water still rising, my raft floated again, and I thrust her off with the oar I had into the channel, and then driving up higher, I at length found myself in the mouth of a little river, with land on both sides, and a strong current or tide running up. I looked on both sides for a proper place to get to shore, for I was not willing to be driven too high up the river, hoping in time to see some ship at sea, and therefore resolved to place myself as near the coast as I could.

At length I spied a little cove on the right shore of the creek, to which, with great pain and difficulty, I guided my raft, and at last got so near, as that, reaching ground with my oar, I could thrust her directly in; but here I had like to have dipped all my cargo in the sea again; for that shore lying pretty steep, that is to say, sloping, there was no place to land but where one end of my float, if it run on shore, would lie so high and the other sink lower, as before, that it would endanger my cargo again. All that I could do was to wait till the tide was at the highest, keeping the raft with my oar like an anchor to hold the side of it fast to the shore, near a flat piece of ground, which I expected the water would flow over; and so it did. As soon as I found water enough, for my raft drew about a foot of water, I thrust her on upon that flat piece of ground, and there fastened or moored her by sticking my two broken oars into the ground; one on one side near the end, and one on the other side near the other end; and thus I lay till the water ebbed away, and left my raft and all my cargo safe on shore.

My next work was to view the country, and seek a proper place for my habitation, and where to stow my goods to secure them from whatever might happen. Where I was, I yet knew not; whether on the continent, or on an island; whether inhabited, or not inhabited; whether in danger of wild beasts, or not. There was a hill, not above a mile from me, which rose up very steep and high, and which seemed to overtop some other hills, which lay as in a ridge from it, northward. I took out one of the fowling-pieces and one of the pistols, and a horn of powder; and thus armed, I travelled for discovery up to the top of that hill, where, after I had with great labor and difficulty got to the top, I saw my fate to my great affliction, viz., that I was in an island environed every way with the sea, no land to be seen, except some rocks which lay a great way off, and two small islands less than this, which lay about three leagues to the west.

I found also that the island I was in was barren, and, as I saw good reason to believe, uninhabited, except by wild beasts, of whom, however, I saw none; yet I saw abundance of fowls, but knew not their kind; neither, when I killed them, could I tell what was fit for food, and what not. At my coming back, I shot at a great bird which I saw sitting upon a tree on the side of a great wood. I believe it was the first gun that had been fired there since the creation of the world. I had no sooner fired, but from all the parts of the wood there arose an innumerable number of fowls of many sorts, making a confused screaming, and crying, every one according to his usual note; but not one of them of any kind that I knew. As for the creature I killed, I took it to be a kind of a hawk, its color and beak resembling it, but had no talons or claws more than common; its flesh was carrion, and fit for nothing.

Contented with this discovery, I came back to raft, and fell to work to bring my cargo on shore, which took me up the rest of that day; and what to do with myself at night, I knew not, or, indeed, where to rest; for I was afraid to lie down on the ground, not knowing but some wild beast might devour me, though, as I afterwards found, there was really no need for those fears. However, as well as I could, I barricaded myself round with the chests and boards that I had brought on shore, and made a kind of a hut for that night ' s lodging; as for food, I yet saw not which way to supply myself, except that I had seen two or three creatures like hares run out of the wood where I shot the fowl.

I now began to consider that I might yet get a great many things out of the ship, which would be useful to me, and particularly some of the rigging and sails, and such other things as might come to land; and I resolved to make another voyage on board the vessel, if possible. And as I knew that the first storm that blew must necessarily break her all in pieces, I resolved to set all other things apart till I got everything out of the ship that I could get. Then I called a council, that is to say, in my thoughts, whether I should take back the raft, but this appeared impracticable; so I resolved to go as before, when the tide was down: and I did so, only that I stripped before I went from my hut, having nothing on but a checkered shirt and a pair of linen drawers, and a pair of pumps on my feet.

I got on board the ship as before, and prepared a second raft, and having had experience of the first, I neither made this so unwieldy, nor loaded it so hard; but yet I brought away several things very useful to me; as, at first, in the carpenter ' s stores I found two or three bags full of nails and spikes, a great screw-jack, a dozen or two of hatchets, and above all, that most useful thing called a grindstone. All these I secured, together with several things belonging to the gunner, particularly two or three iron crows, and two barrels of musket bullets, seven muskets, and another fowling-piece, with some small quantity of powder more; a large bag full of small-shot, and a great roll of sheet-lead; but this last was so heavy, I could not hoist it up to get it over the ship ' s side. Besides these things, I took all the men ' s clothes that I could find, and a spare foretop sail, a hammock, and some bedding; and with this I loaded my second raft, and brought them all safe on shore, to my very great comfort.

I was under some apprehensions during my absence from the land, that at least my provisions might be devoured on shore; but when I came back, I found no sign of any visitor, only there sat a creature like a wild cat upon one of the chests, which, when I came towards it, ran away a little distance, and then stood still. She sat very composed and unconcerned, and looked full in my face, as if she had a mind to be acquainted with me. I presented my gun at her; but as she did not understand it, she was perfectly unconcerned at it, nor did she offer to stir away; upon which I tossed her a bit of biscuit, though, by the way, I was not very free of it, for my store was not great. However, I spared her a bit, I say, and she went to it, smelled of it, and ate it, and looked (as pleased) for more; but I thanked her, and could spare no more, so she marched off.

Having got my second cargo on shore, though I was fain to open the barrels of powder and bring them by parcels, for they were too heavy, being large casks, I went to work to make me a little tent with the sail and some poles which I cut for that purpose; and into this tent I brought everything that I knew would spoil either with rain or sun; and I piled all the empty chests and casks up in a circle round the tent, to fortify it from any sudden attempt, either from man or beast.

When I has done this I blocked up the door of the tent with some boards within, and an empty chest set up on end without; and spreading one of the beds upon the ground, laying my two pistols just at my head, and my gun at length by me, I went to bed for the first time, and slept very quietly all night, for I was very weary and heavy; for the night before I had slept little, and had labored very hard all day, as well to fetch all those things from the ship, as to get them on shore.

I had the biggest magazine of all kinds now that ever was laid up, I believe, for one man; but I was not satisfied still, for while the ship sat upright in that posture, I thought I ought to get everything out of her that I could. So every day at low water I went on board, and brought away something or other; but, particularly, the third time I went I brought away as much of the rigging as I could, as also all the small ropes and rope-twine I could get, with a piece of spare canvas, which was to mend the sails upon occasion, the barrel of wet gunpowder; in a word, I brought away all the sails first and last; only that I was fain to cut them in pieces, and bring as much at a time as I could; for they were no more useful to be sails, but as mere canvas only.

But that which comforted me more still was, that at last of all, after I had made five or six such voyages as these, and thought I had nothing more to expect from the ship that was worth my meddling with; I say, after all this, I found a great hogshead of bread, and three large runlets of rum or spirits, and a box of sugar, and a barrel of fine flour; this was surprising to me, because I had given over expecting any more provisions, except what was spoilt by the water. I soon emptied the hogshead of that bread, and wrapped it up parcel by parcel in pieces of the sails, which I cut out; and, in a word, I got all this safe on shore also.

The next day I made another voyage. And now, having plundered the ship of what was portable and fit to hand out, I began with the cables; and cutting the great cable into pieces, such as I could move, I got two cables and a hawser on shore, with all the iron-work I could get; and having cut down the spritsail-yard, and the mizzen-yard, and everything I could to make a large raft, I loaded it with all those heavy goods, and came away. But my good luck began now to leave me; for this raft was so unwieldy, and so overladen, that after I was entered the little cove where I had landed the rest of my goods, not being able to guide it so handily as I did the other, it overset, and, threw me and all my cargo into the water. As for myself, it was no great harm, for I was near the shore; but as to my cargo, it was great part of it lost, especially the iron, which I expected would have been great use to me. However, when the tide was out I got most of the pieces of cable ashore, and some of the iron, though with infinite labor; for I was fain to dip for it into the water, a work which fatigued me very much. After this I went every day on board, and brought away what I could get.

I have been now thirteen days on shore, and had been eleven times on board the ship; in which time I had brought away all that one pair of hands could well be supposed capable to bring, though I believe verily, had the calm weather held, I should have brought away the whole ship piece by piece. But preparing the twelfth time to go on board, I found the wind begin to rise. However, at low water I went on board, and though I thought I had rummaged the cabin so effectually as that nothing more could be found, yet I discovered a locker with drawers in it, in one of which I found two or three razors, and one pair of large scissors, with some ten or a dozen of good knives and forks; in another, I found some thirty-six pounds value in money, some European coin, some Brazil, some pieces of eight, some gold, some silver.

I smiled to myself at the sight of this money. " O drug! " said I aloud, " what art thou good for? Thou art not worth to me, no, not the taking off of the ground; one of those knives is worth all this heap. I have no manner of use for thee; even remain where thou art, and go to the bottom as a creature whose life is not worth saving. " However, upon second thoughts, I took it away; and wrapping all this in a piece of canvas, I began to think of making another raft; but while I was preparing this, I found the sky overcast, and the wind began to rise, and in a quarter of an hour it blew a fresh gale from the shore. It presently occurred to me that it was in vain to pretend to make a raft with the wind off shore, and that it was my business to be gone before the tide of flood began, otherwise I might not be able to reach the shore at all. Accordingly I let myself down into the water, and swam across the channel, which lay between the ship and the sands, and even that with difficulty enough, partly with the weight of the things I had about me, and partly the roughness of the water; for the wind rose very hastily, and before it was quite high water it blew a storm.

But I was gotten home to my little tent, where I lay with all my wealth about me very secure. It blew very hard all that night, and in the morning, when I looked out, behold, no more ship was to be seen. I was a little surprised, but recovered myself with this satisfactory reflection, viz., that I had lost no time, nor abated no diligence, to get everything out of her that could be useful to me, and that indeed there was little left in her that I was able to bring away if I had had more time.

I now gave over any more thoughts of the ship, or of anything out of her, except what might drive on there from her wreck, as indeed divers pieces of her afterwards did; but those things were of small use to me.

My thoughts were now wholly employed about securing myself against either savages, if any should appear, or wild beasts, if any were in the island; and I had many thoughts of the method how to do this, and what kind of dwelling to make, whether I should make me a cave in the earth, or a tent upon the earth; and, in short, I resolved upon both, the manner and description of which it may not be improper to give an account of.

I soon found the place I was in was not for my settlement, particularly because it was upon a low moorish ground near the sea, and I believed would not be wholesome; and more particularly because there was no fresh water near it. So I resolved to find a more healthy and more convenient spot of ground.

I consulted several things in my situation, which I found would be proper for me. First, health and fresh water, I just now mentioned. Secondly, shelter from the heat of the sun. Thirdly security from ravenous creatures, whether men or beasts. Fourthly, a view to the sea, that if God sent any ship in sight I might not lose any advantage for my deliverance, of which I was not willing to banish all my expectation yet.

In search of a place proper for this, I found a little plain on the side of a rising hill, whose front towards this little plain was steep as a house-side, so that nothing could come down upon me from the top; on the side of this rock there was a hollow place, worn a little way in, like the entrance or door of a cave; but there was not really any cave, or way into the rock at all.

On the flat of the green, just before this hollow place, I resolved to pitch my tent. This plain was not above a hundred yards broad, and about twice as long, and lay like a green before my door, and at the end of it descended irregularly every way down into the low grounds by the seaside. It was on the NNW. side of the hill, so that I was sheltered from the heat every day, till it came to a W. and by S. sun, or thereabouts, which in those countries is near setting.

Before I set up my tent, I drew a half circle before the hollow place, which took in about ten yards in its semi-diameter from the rock, and twenty yards in its diameter from its beginning and ending. In this half circle I pitched two rows of strong stakes, driving them into the ground till they stood very firm like piles, the biggest end being out of the ground about five feet and a half, and sharpened on the top. The two rows did not stand above six inches from one another.

Then I took the pieces of cable which I had cut in the ship, and laid them in rows one upon another, within the circle, between these two rows of stakes, up to the top, placing other stakes in the inside leaning against them, about two feet and a half high, like a spur to a post; and this fence was so strong that neither man or beast could get into it, or over it. This cost me a great deal of time and labor, especially to cut the piles in the woods, bring them to the place, and drive them into the earth.

The entrance into this place I made to be not by a door, but by a short ladder to go over the top; which ladder, when I was in, I lifted over after me, and so I was completely fenced in, and fortified, as I thought, from all the world, and consequently slept secure in the night, which otherwise I could not have done; though as it appeared afterward, there was no need of all this caution from the enemies that I apprehended danger from.

Into this fence or fortress, with infinite labor, I carried all my riches, all my provisions, ammunition, and stores, of which you have the account above; and I made me a large tent, which, to preserve me from the rains that in one part of the year are very violent there, I made double, viz., one smaller tent within, and one larger tent above it, and covered the uppermost with a large tarpaulin, which I had saved among the sails. And now I lay no more for a while in the bed which I had brought on shore, but in a hammock, which was indeed a very good one, and belonged to the mate of the ship.

Into this tent I brought all my provisions, and everything that would spoil by the wet; and having thus enclosed all my goods I made up the entrance, which, till now, I had left open, and so passed and repassed, as I said, by a short ladder.

When I had done this, I began to work my way into the rock; and bringing all the earth and stones that I dug down out through my tent, I laid them up within my fence in the nature of a terrace, so that it raised the ground within about a foot and a half; and thus I made me a cave just behind my tent, which served me like a cellar to my house.

It cost me much labor, and many days, before all these things were brought to perfection, and therefore I must go back to some other things which took up some of my thoughts. At the same time it happened, after I had laid my scheme for the setting up my tent, and making the cave, that a storm of rain falling from a thick dark cloud, a sudden flash of lightning happened, and after that a great clap of thunder, as is naturally the effect of it. I was not so much surprised with the lightning, as I was with a thought which darted into my mind as swift as the lightning itself. O my powder! My very heart sunk within me when I thought that at one blast all my powder might be destroyed, on which, not my defence only, but the providing me food, as I thought, entirely depended. I was nothing near so anxious about my own danger; though had the powder took fire, I had never known who had hurt me.

Such impression did this make upon me, that after the storm was over I laid aside all my works, my building, and fortifying, and applied myself to make bags and boxes to separate the powder, and keep it a little and a little in a parcel, in hope that whatever might come it might not all take fire at once, and to keep it so apart that it should not be possible to make one part fire another. I finished this work in about a fortnight; and I think my powder, which in all was about 240 pounds weight, was divided in not less than a hundred parcels. As to the barrel that had been wet, I did not apprehend any danger from that, so I placed it in my new cave, which in my fancy I called my kitchen, and the rest I hid up and down and in holes among the rocks, so that no wet might come to it, marking very carefully where I laid it.

In the interval of time while this was doing, I went out once, at least, every day with my gun, as well to divert myself, as to see if I could kill anything fit for food, and as near as I could to acquaint myself with what the island produced. The first time I went out, I presently discovered that there were goats in the island, which was a great satisfaction to me; but then it was attended with this misfortune to me, viz., that they were so shy, so subtle, and so swift of foot, that it was the difficultest thing in the world to come at them. But I was not discouraged at this, not doubting but I might now and then shoot one, as it soon happened; for after I had found their haunts a little, I laid wait in this manner for them. I observed if they saw me in the valleys, though they were upon the rocks, they would run away as in a terrible fright; but if they were feeding in the valleys, and I was upon the rocks, they took no notice of me, from whence I concluded that, by the position of their optics, their sight was so directed downward, that they did not readily see objects that were above them. So afterward I took this method: I always climbed the rocks first to get above them, and then had frequently a fair mark. The first shot I made among these creatures I killed a she-goat, which had a little kid by her, which she gave suck to, which grieved me heartily; but when the old one fell, the kid stood stock still by her till I came and took her up; and not only so, but when I carried the old one with me upon my shoulders, the kid followed me quite to my enclosure; upon which I laid down the dam, and took the kid in my arms, and carried it over my pale, in hopes to have bred it up tame; but it would not eat, so I was forced to kill it, and eat it myself. These two supplied me with flesh a great while, for I eat sparingly, and saved my provisions, my bread especially, as much as possibly I could.

Having now fixed my habitation, I found it absolutely necessary to provide a place to make a fire in, and fuel to burn; and what I did for that, as also how I enlarged my cave, and what conveniences I made, I shall give a full account of in its place. But I must first give some little account of myself, and of my thoughts about living, which it may well be supposed were not a few. I had a dismal prospect of my condition; for as I was not cast away upon that island without being driven, as is said, by a violent storm, quite out of the course of our intended voyage, and a great way, viz., some hundreds of leagues out of the ordinary course of the trade of mankind, I had great reason to consider it as a determination of Heaven, that in this desolate place, and in this desolate manner, I should end my life. The tears would run plentifully down face when I made these reflections, and sometimes I would expostulate with myself, why Providence should thus completely ruin its creatures, and render them so absolutely miserable, so without help abandoned, so entirely depressed, that it could hardly be rational to be thankful for such a life.

But something always returned swift upon me to check these thoughts, and to reprove me; and particularly one day, walking with my gun in my hand by the seaside, I was very pensive upon the subject of my present condition, when reason, as it were, expostulated with me t ' other way, thus: " Well, you are in a desolate condition it is true, but pray remember, where are the rest of you? Did not you come eleven of you in the boat? Where are the ten? Why were not they saved, and you lost? Why were you singled out? Is it better to be here, or there? " And then I pointed to the sea. All evils are to be considered with the good that is in them, and with what worse attends them.

Then it occurred to me again, how well I was furnished for my subsistence, and what would have been my case if it had not happened, which was a hundred thousand to one, that the ship had floated from the place where she first struck and was driven so near to the shore that I had time to get all these things out of her; what would have been my case, if I had been to have lived in the condition in which I first came on shore, without necessaries of life, or necessaries to supply and procure them? " Particularly, " said I aloud (though to myself), " what should I have done without a gun, without ammunition, without any tools to make anything or to work with, without clothes, bedding, a tent, or any manner of covering? " and that now I had all these to a sufficient quantity, and was in a fair way to provide myself in such a manner, as to live without my gun when my ammunition was spent; so that I had a tolerable view of subsisting without any want as long as I lived. For I considered from the beginning how I would provide for the accidents that might happen, and for the time that was to come, even not only after my ammunition should be spent, but even after my health or strength should decay.

I confess I had not entertained any notion of my ammunition being destroyed at one blast --I mean, my powder being blown up by lightning; and this made the thoughts of it so surprising to me when it lightened and thundered, as I observed just now.

And now being to enter into a melancholy relation of a scene of silent life, such, perhaps, as was never heard of in the world before, I shall take it from its beginning and continue it in its order. It was by my account, the 30th of September when, in the manner as above said, I first set foot upon this horrid island, when the sun being to us in its autumnal equinox, was almost just over my head, for I reckoned myself, by observation, to be in the latitude of 9 degrees 22 minutes north of the line.

After I had been there about ten or twelve days it came into my thoughts that I should lose my reckoning of time for want of books and pen and ink, and should even forget the Sabbath days from the working days; but to prevent this, I cut it with my knife upon a large post, in capital letters; and making it into a great cross, I set it up on the shore where I first landed, viz., " I came on shore here the 30th of September 1659. " Upon the sides of this square post I cut every day a notch with my knife, and every seventh notch was as long again as the rest, and every first day of the month as long again as that long one; and thus I kept my calendar, or weekly, monthly, and yearly reckoning of time.

In the next place we are to observe that among the many things which I brought out of the ship in the several voyages, which, as above mentioned, I made to it, I got several things of less value, but not all less useful to me, which I omitted setting down before; as in particular, pens, ink, and paper, several parcels in the captain ' s, mate ' s, gunner ' s, and carpenter ' s keeping, three or four compasses, some mathematical instruments, dials, perspectives, charts, and books of navigation, all of which I huddled together, whether I might want them or no. Also I found three very good Bibles, which came to me in my cargo from England and which I had packed up among my things; some Portuguese books, also, and among them two or three Popish prayer-books, and several other books, all of which I carefully secured. And I must not forget, that we had in the ship a dog and two cats, of whose eminent history I may have occasion to say something in its place; for I carried both the cats with me; and as for the dog he jumped out of the ship of himself, and swam on shore to me the day after I went on shore with my first cargo, and was a trusty servant to me many years. I wanted nothing that he could fetch me, nor any company that he could make up to me; I only wanted to have him talk to me, but that would not do. As I observed before, I found pen, ink, and paper, and I husbanded them to the utmost; and I shall show that while my ink lasted, I kept things very exact; but after that was gone, I could not, for I could not make any ink by any means that I could devise.

And this put me in mind that I wanted many things, notwithstanding all that I had amassed together; and of these, this of ink was one, as also spade, pick-axe, and shovel, to dig or remove the earth, needles, pins, and thread; as for linen, I soon learned to want that without much difficulty.

This want of tools made every work I did go on heavily; and it was near a whole year before I had entirely finished my little pale or surrounded habitation. The piles or stakes, which were as heavy as I could well lift, were a long time in cutting and preparing in the woods, and more by far in bringing home; so that I spent sometimes two days in cutting and bringing home one of those posts, and a third day in driving it into the ground; for which purpose I got a heavy piece of wood at first, but at last bethought myself of one of the iron crows, which, however, though I found it, yet it made driving those posts or piles very laborious and tedious work.

But what need I have been concerned at the tediousness of anything I had to do, seeing I had time enough to do it in? Nor had I any other employment, if that had been over, at least that I could foresee, except the ranging the island to seek for food, which I did more or less every day.

I now began to consider seriously my condition, and the circumstance I was reduced to; and I drew up the state of my affairs in writing; not so much to leave them to any that were to come after me, for I was like to have but few heirs, as to deliver my thoughts from daily poring upon them; and afflicting my mind. And as my reason began now to master my despondency, I began to comfort myself as well as I could, and to set the good against the evil, that I might have something to distinguish my case from worse; and I stated it very impartially, like a debtor and creditor, the comforts I enjoyed against the miseries I suffered, thus:

Evil : I am cast upon a horrible desolate island, void of all hope of recovery.

Good : But I am alive, and not drowned, as all my ship ' s company was.

Evil : I am singled out and separated, as it were, from all the world to be miserable.

Good : But I am singled out, too, from all the ship ' s crew to be spared from death; and He that miraculously saved me from death, can deliver me from this condition.

Evil : I am divided from mankind, a solitaire, one banished from human society.

Good : But I am not starved and perishing on a barren place, affording no sustenance.

Evil : I have not clothes to cover me.

Good : But I am in a hot climate, where if I had clothes I could hardly wear them.

Evil : I am without any defence or means to resist any violence of man or beast.

Good : But I am cast on an island, where I see no wild beasts to hurt me, as I saw on the coast of Africa; and what if I had been shipwrecked there?

Evil : I have no soul to speak to, or relieve me.

Good : But God wonderfully sent the ship in near enough to the shore, that I have gotten out so many necessary things as will either supply my wants, or enable me to supply myself even as long as I live.

Upon the whole, here was an undoubted testimony, that there was scarce any condition in the world so miserable but there was something negative or something positive to be thankful for in it; and let this stand as a direction from the experience of the most miserable of all conditions in this world, that we may always find in it something to comfort ourselves from, and to set in the description of good and evil on the credit side of the account.

Having now brought my mind a little to relish my condition, and given over looking out to sea, to see if I could spy a ship; I say, giving over these things, I began to apply myself to accomodate my way of living, and to make things as easy to me as I could.

I have already described my habitation, which was a tent under the side of a rock, surrounded with a strong pale of posts and cables; but I might now rather call it a wall, for I raised a kind of wall up against it of turfs, about two feet thick on the outside, and after some time --I think it was a year and a half - I raised rafters from it leaning to the rock, and thatched or covered it with boughs of trees and such things as I could get to keep out the rain, which I found at some times of the year very violent.

I have already observed how I brought all my goods into this pale, and into the cave which I had made behind me. But I must observe, too, that at first this was a confused heap of goods, which as they lay in no order, so they took up all my place; I had no room to turn myself. So I set myself to enlarge my cave and works farther into the earth; for it was a loose sandy rock which yielded easily to the labor I bestowed on it. And so, when I found I was pretty safe as to beasts of prey, I worked sideways to the right hand into the rock; and then, turning to the right again, working quite out, and made me a door to come out on the outside of my pale or fortification. This gave me not only egress and regress, as it were a back-way to my tent and to my storehouse, but gave me room to stow my goods.

And now I began to apply myself to make such necessary things as I found I most wanted, as particularly a chair and a table; for without these I was not able to enjoy the few comforts I had in the world. I could not write or eat, or do several things with so much pleasure without a table.

So I went to work: and here I must needs observe, that as reason is the substance and original of the mathematics, so by stating and squaring everything by reason, and by making the most rational judgment of things, every man may be in time master of every mechanic art. I had never handled a tool in my life; and yet in time, by labor, application, and contrivance, I found at last that I wanted nothing but I could have made it, especially if I had had more tools. However, I made abundance of things even without tools, and some with no more tools than an adze and a hatchet, which, perhaps, were never made that way before, and that with infinite labor. For example, if I wanted a board, I had no other way but to cut down a tree, set it on an edge before me, and hew it flat on either side with my axe, till I had brought it to be thick as a plank, and then dub it smooth with my adze. It is true, by this method I could make but one board out of a whole tree; but this I had no remedy for but patience, any more than I had for the prodigious deal of time and labor which it took me up to make a plank or board. But my time or labor was little worth, and so it was as well employed one way as another.

However, I made me a table and a chair, as I observed above, in the first place, and this I did out of the short pieces of boards that I brought on my raft from the ship. But when I had wrought out some boards, as above, I made large shelves of the breadth of a foot and a half one over another, all along one side of my cave, to lay all my tools, nails, and ironwork; and, in a word, to separate everything at large in their places, that I might come easily at them. I knocked pieces into the wall of the rock to hang my guns and all things that would hang up; so that had my cave been to be seen, it looked like a general magazine of all necessary things; and I had everything so ready at my hand, that it was a great pleasure to me to see all my goods in such order, and especially to find my stock of all necessaries so great.

And now it was when I began to keep a journal of every day ' s employment; for, indeed, at first, I was in too much hurry, and not only hurry as to labor, but in too much discomposure of mind; and my journal would have been full of many dull things. For example, I must have said thus: September the 30th. —After I got to shore, and had escaped drowning, instead of being thankful to God for my deliverance, having first vomited with the great quantity of salt water which was gotten into my stomach, and recovering myself a little, I ran about the shore, wringing my hands, and beating my head and face, exclaiming at my misery, and crying out, I was undone, undone, till, tired and faint, I was forced to lie down on the ground to repose; but durst not sleep, for fear of being devoured.

Some days after this, and after I had been on board the ship and got all that I could out of her, yet I could not forbear getting up to the top of a little mountain, and looking out to sea, in hopes of seeing a ship; then fancy at a vast distance I spied a sail, please myself with the hopes of it, and then, after looking steadily till I was almost blind, lose it quite, and sit down and weep like a child, and thus increase my misery by my folly.

But having gotten over these things in some measure, and having settled my household stuff and habitation, made me a table and a chair, and all as handsome about me as I could, I began to keep my journal, of which I shall here give you the copy (though in it will be told all these particulars over again) as long as it lasted; for, having no more ink, I was forced to leave it off.

Chapter 5. BUILDS A HOUSE --THE JOURNAL

September 30, 1659. --I, poor miserable Robinson Crusoe, being shipwrecked, during a dreadful storm, in the offing, came on shore in this dismal unfortunate island, which I called the Island of Despair, all the rest of the ship ' s company being drowned, and myself almost dead.

All the rest of that day I spent in afflicting myself at the dismal circumstances I was brought to, viz., I had neither food, house, clothes, weapon, or place to fly to; and in despair of any relief, saw nothing but death before me; either that I should be devoured by wild beasts, murdered by savages, or starved to death for want of food. At the approach of night, I slept in a tree for fear of wild creatures, but slept soundly, though it rained all night.

October 1. --In the morning I saw, to my great surprise, the ship had floated with the high tide, and was driven on shore again much nearer the island; which, as it was some comfort on one hand, for seeing her sit upright, and not broken to pieces, I hoped, if the wind abated, I might get on board, and get some food and necessaries out of her for my relief; so, on the other hand, it renewed my grief at the loss of my comrades, who, I imagined, if we had all stayed on board, might have saved the ship, or at least that they would not have been all drowned as they were; and that had the men been saved, we might perhaps have built us a boat out of the ruins of the ship, to have carried us to some other part of the world. I spent great part of this day in perplexing myself on these things; but at length seeing the ship almost dry, I went upon the sand as near as I could, and then swam on board; this day also it continued raining, though with no wind at all.

From the 1st of October to the 24th. --All these days entirely spent in many several voyages to get all I could out of the ship, which I brought on shore, every tide of flood, upon rafts. Much rain also in these days, though with some intervals of fair weather; but, it seems, this was the rainy season.

October 20. --I overset my raft, and all the goods I had got upon it; but being in shoal water, and the things being chiefly heavy, I recovered many of them when the tide was out.

October 25. --It rained all night and all day, with some gusts of wind, during which time the ship broke in pieces, the wind blowing a little harder than before, and was no more to be seen, except the wreck of her, and that only at low water. I spent this day in covering and securing the goods which I had saved, that the rain might not spoil them.

October 26. --I walked about the shore almost all day to find out a place to fix my habitation, greatly concerned to secure myself from an attack in the night, either from wild beasts or men. Towards night I fixed upon a proper place under a rock, and marked out a semicircle for my encampment, which I resolved to strengthen with a work, wall, or fortification made of double piles, lined within with cables, and without with turf.

From the 26th to the 30th I worked very hard in carrying all my goods to my new habitation, though some part of the time it rained exceeding hard.

The 31st, in the morning, I went out into the island with my gun to see for some food, and discover the country; when I killed a she-goat, and her kid followed me home, which I afterwards killed also, because it would not feed.

November 1. --I set up my tent under a rock, and lay there for the first night, making it as large as I could, with stakes driven in to swing my hammock upon.

November 2. --I set up all my chests and boards, and the pieces of timber which made my rafts, and with them formed a fence round me, a little within the place I had marked out for my fortification.

November 3. --I went out with my gun, and killed two fowls like ducks, which were very good food. In the afternoon went to work to make me a table.

November 4. --This morning I began to order my times of work, of going out with my gun, time of sleep, and time of diversion, viz., every morning I walked out with my gun for two or three hours, if it did not rain; then employed myself to work till about eleven o ' clock; then eat what I had to live on; and from twelve to two I lay down to sleep, the weather being excessive hot; and then in the evening to work again. The working part of this day and of the next were wholly employed in making my table; for I was yet but a very sorry workman, though time and necessity made me a complete natural mechanic soon after, as I believe it would do any one else.

November 5. --This day went abroad with my gun and my dog, and killed a wild-cat; her skin pretty soft, but her flesh good for nothing. Every creature I killed, I took off the skins and preserved them. Coming back by the seashore, I saw many sorts of seafowls, which I did not understand; but was surprised, and almost frighted, with two or three seals, which, while I was gazing at, not well knowing what they were, got into the sea, and escaped me for that time.

November 6. --After my morning walk I went to work with my table again, and finished it, though not to my liking; nor was it long before I learned to mend it.

November 7. --Now it began to be settled fair weather. The 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and part of the 12th (for the 11th was Sunday) I took wholly up to make me a chair, and with much ado, brought it to a tolerable shape, but never to please me; and even in the making I pulled it to pieces several times. Note, I soon neglected my keeping Sundays; for, omitting my mark for them on my post, I forgot which was which.

November 13. --This day it rained, which refreshed me exceedingly, and cooled the earth; but it was accompanied with terrible thunder and lightning, which frighted me dreadfully, for fear of my powder. As soon as it was over, I resolved to separate my stock of powder into as many little parcels as possible, that it might not be in danger.

November 14, 15, 16. --These three days I spent in making little square chests or boxes, which might hold about a pound, or two pound at most, of powder; and so putting the powder in, I stowed it in places as secure and remote from one another as possible. On one of these three days I killed a large bird that was good to eat, but I know not what to call it.

November 17. --This day I began to dig behind my tent into the rock, to make room for my farther conveniency. Note, three things I wanted exceeding for this work, viz., a pick-axe, a shovel, and a wheelbarrow or basket; so I desisted from my work, and began to consider how to supply that want, and make me some tools. As for a pick-axe, I made use of the iron crows, which were proper enough, though heavy; but the next thing was a shovel or spade. This was so absolutely necessary, that indeed I could no nothing effectually without it; but what kind of one to make, I knew not.

November 18. --The next day, in searching the woods, I found a tree of that wood, or like it, which in the Brazils they call the iron tree, for its exceeding hardness; of this, with great labor, and almost spoiling my axe, I cut a piece, and brought it home, too, was difficulty enough, for it was exceeding heavy.

The excessive hardness of the wood, and having no other way, made me a long while upon this machine, for I worked it effectually, by little and little, into the form of a shovel or spade, the handle exactly shaped like ours in England, only that the broad part having no iron shod upon it at bottom, it would not last me so long. However, it served well enough for the uses which I had occasion to put it to; but never was a shovel, I believe, made after that fashion, or so long a-making.

I was still deficient, for I wanted a basket or a wheel-barrow. A basket I could not make by any means, having no such things as twigs that would bend to make wicker ware, at least none yet found out. And as to a wheelbarrow, I fancied I could make all but the wheel, but that I had no notion of, neither did I know how to go about it; besides, I had no possible way to make the iron gudgeons for the spindle or axis of the wheel to run in, so I gave it over; and so for carrying away the earth which I dug out of the cave, I made me a thing like a hod which the laborers carry mortar in, when they serve the bricklayers.

This was not so difficult to me as the making the shovel; and yet this, and the shovel, and the attempt which I made in vain to make a wheelbarrow, took me up no less than four days; I mean always, excepting my morning walk with my gun, which I seldom failed, and very seldom failed also bringing home something fit to eat.

November 23. --My other work having now stood still because of my making these tools, when they were finished I went on, and working every day, as my strength and time allowed, I spent eighteen days entirely in widening and deepening my cave, that it might hold my goods commodiously.

Note: During all this time I worked to make this room or cave spacious enough to accomodate me as a warehouse or magazine, a kitchen, a dining-room, and a cellar; as for my lodging, I kept to the tent, except that sometimes in the wet season of the year it rained so hard that I could not keep myself dry, which caused me afterwards to cover all my place within my pale with long poles, in the form of rafters, leaning against the rock, and load them with flags and large leaves of trees, like a thatch.

December 10. --I began now to think my cave or vault finished when on a sudden (it seems I had made it too large) a great quantity of earth fell down from the top and one side, so much, that, in short, it frighted me, and not without reason too; for if I had been under it, I had never wanted a grave-digger. Upon this disaster I had a great deal of work to do over again; for I had the loose earth to carry out; and, which was of more importance, I had the ceiling to prop up, so that I might be sure no more would come down.

December 11. --This day I went to work with it accordingly, and got two shores or posts pitched upright to the top, with two pieces of boards across over each post. This I finished the next day; and setting more posts up with boards, in about a week more I had the roof secured; and the posts standing in rows, served me for partitions to part of my house.

December 17. --From this day to the twentieth I placed shelves, and knocked up nails on the posts to hang everything up that could be hung up; and now I began to be in some order within doors.

December 20. --Now I carried everything into the cave, and began to furnish my house, and set up some pieces of boards, like a dresser, to order my victuals upon; but boards began to be very scarce with me; also I made me another table.

December 24. --Much rain all night and all day; no stirring out.

December 25. --Rain all day.

December 26. --No rain, and the earth much cooler than before, and pleasanter.

December 27. --Killed a young goat, and lamed another, so that I catched it, and led it home in a string. When I had it home, I bound and splintered up its leg, which was broke. N.B. --I took such care of it, that it lived; and the leg grew well and as strong as ever; but by my nursing it so long it grew tame, and fed upon the little green at my door, and would not go away. This was the first time that I entertained a thought of breed up some tame creatures, that I might have food when my powder and shot was all spent.

December 28, 29, 30. --Great heats and no breeze, so that there was no stirring abroad, except in the evening, for food. This time I spent in putting all my things in order within doors.

January 1. --Very hot still, but I went abroad early and late with my gun, and lay still in the middle of the day. This evening, going farther into the valleys which lay towards the centre of the island, I found there was plenty of goats, though exceeding shy, and hard to come at. However, I resolved to try if I could not bring my dog to hunt them down.

January 2. --Accordingly, the next day, I went out with my dog, and set him upon the goats; but I was mistaken, for they all faced about upon the dog; and he knew his danger too well, for he would not come near them.

January 3. --I began my fence or wall; which being still jealous of my being attacked by somebody, I resolved to make very thick and strong.

N.B. --This wall being described before, I purposely omit what was said in the journal. It is sufficient to observe that I was no less time than from the 3rd of January to the 14th of April working, finishing, and perfecting this wall, though it was no more than about twenty-four yards in length, being a half circle from one place in the rock to another place about eight yards from it, the door of the cave being in the centre behind it.

All this time I worked very hard, the rains hindering me many days, nay, sometimes weeks together; but I thought I should never be perfectly secure till this wall was finished. And it is scarce credible what inexpressible labor everything was done with, especially the bringing piles of the woods, and driving them into the ground; for I made them much bigger than I need to have done.

When this wall was finished, and the outside double-fenced with a turf-wall raised up close to it, I persuaded myself that if any people were to come on shore there, they would not perceive anything like a habitation; and it was very well I did so, as may be observed hereafter upon a very remarkable occasion.

During this time, I made my round in the woods for game every day, when the rain admitted me, and made frequent discoveries in these walks of something or other to my advantage; particularly I found a kind of wild pigeons, who built, not as wood pigeons in a tree, but rather as house pigeons, in the holes of the rocks. And taking some young ones, I endeavored to breed them up tame, and did so; but when they grew older they flew all away, which, perhaps, was at first for want of feeding them, for I had nothing to give them. However, I frequently found their nests, and got their young ones, which were very good meat.

And now in the managing my household affairs I found myself wanting in many things, which I thought at first it was impossible for me to make, as indeed, as to some of them, it was. For instance, I could never make a cask to be hooped; I had a small runlet or two, as I observed before, but I could never arrive to the capacity of making one of them, though I spent many weeks about it. I could neither put in the heads, nor joint the staves so true to one another as to make them hold water; so I gave that also over.

In the next place, I was at a great loss for candle; so that as soon as ever it was dark, which was generally by seven o ' clock, I was obliged to go to bed. I remembered the lump of beeswax with which I made candles in my African adventure, but I had none of that now. The only remedy I had was, that when I had killed a goat I saved the tallow, and with a little dish made of clay, which I baked in the sun, to which I added a wick of some oakum, I made me a lamp; and this gave me light, though not a clear steady light like a candle.

In the middle of all my labors it happened that rummaging my things, I found a little bag, which, as I hinted before, had been filled with corn for the feeding of poultry, not for this voyage, but before, as I suppose, when the ship came from Lisbon. What little remainder of corn had been in the bag was all devoured with the rats, and I saw nothing in the bag but husks and dust; and being willing to have the bag for some other use, I think it was to put powder in, when I divided it for fear of the lightning, or some such use, I shook the husks of corn out of it on one side of my fortification, under the rock. It was a little before the great rains, just now mentioned, that I threw this stuff away, taking no notice of anything there; when, about a month after, or thereabout, I saw some few stalks of something green shooting out of the ground, which I fancied might be some plant I had not seen; but I was surprised, and perfectly astonished, when, after a little longer time, I saw about ten or twelve ears come out, which were perfect green barley of the same kind as or European, nay, as our English barley.

It is impossible to express the astonishment and confusion of my thoughts on this occasion. I had hitherto acted upon no religious foundation at all; indeed, I had very few notions of religion in my head, or had entertained any sense of anything that had befallen me otherwise than as a chance, or as we lightly say, what pleases God; without so much as inquiring into the end of Providence in these things, or His order in governing events in the world. But after I saw barley grow there in a climate which I knew was not proper for corn, and especially that I knew not how it came there, it startled me strangely, and I began to suggest that God had miraculously caused this grain to grow without any help of seed sown, and it was so directed purely for my sustenance on that wild miserable place.

This touched my heart a little, and brought tears out of my eyes; and I began to bless myself, that such a prodigy of Nature should happen upon my account, and this was the more strange to me, because I saw near it still, all along by the side of the rock, some other straggling stalks, which proved to be stalks of rice, and which I knew, because I had seen it grow in Africa, when I was ashore there.

I not only thought these the pure productions of Providence for my support, but, not doubting but that there was more in the place, I went all over that part of the island where I had been before, peering in every corner, and under every rock, to see for more of it; but I could not find any. At last it occurred to my thoughts that I had shook a bag of chicken ' s meat out in that place, and then the wonder began to cease; and I must confess, my religious thankfulness to God ' s providence began to abate too, upon the discovering that all this was nothing but what was common; I ought to have been as thankful for so strange and unforseen providence, as if it had been miraculous; for it was really the work of Providence as to me, that should order or appoint, that ten or twelve grains of corn should remain unspoiled (when the rats had destroyed all the rest), as if it had been dropped from heaven; as also that I should throw it out in that particular place, where, it being in the shade of a high rock, it sprang up immediately; whereas, if I had thrown it anywhere else at that time, it had been burnt up and destroyed.

I carefully saved the ears of this corn, you may be sure, in their season, which was about the end of June; and laying up every corn, I resolved to sow them all again, hoping in time to have some quantity sufficient to supply me with bread. But it was not till the fourth year that I could allow myself the least grain of this corn to eat, and even then but sparingly, as I shall say afterwards in its order; for I lost all that I sowed the first season, by not observing the proper time; for I sowed it just before the dry season, so that it never came up at all, at least not as it would have done; of which in its place.

Besides this barley, there was, as above, twenty or thirty stalks of rice, which I preserved with the same care, and whose use was of the same kind, or to the same purpose, viz., to make me bread, or rather food; for I found ways to cook it up without baking, though I did that also after some time. But to return to my journal.

I worked excessive hard these three or four months to get my wall done; and the 14th of April I closed it up, contriving to go into it, not by a door, but over the wall by a ladder, that there might be no sign in the outside of my habitation.

April 16. --I finished the ladder, so I went up with the ladder to the top, and then pulled it up after me, and let it down on the inside. This was a complete enclosure to me; for within I had room enough, and nothing could come at me from without, unless it could first mount my wall.

The very next day after this wall was finished, I had almost had all my labor overthrown at once, and myself killed. The case was thus: As I was busy in the inside of it, behind my tent, just in the entrance into my cave, I was terribly frightened with a most dreadful surprising thing indeed; for all on a sudden I found the earth come crumbling down from the roof of my cave, and from the edge of the hill over my head, and two of the posts I had set up in the cave cracked in a frightful manner. I was heartily scared, but thought nothing of what was really the cause, only thinking that the top of my cave was falling in, as some of it had done before; and for fear I should be buried in it, I ran forward to my ladder; and not thinking myself safe there neither, I got over my wall for fear of the pieces of the hill which I expected might roll down upon me. I was no sooner stepped down upon the firm ground, but I plainly saw it was a terrible earthquake; for the ground I stood on shook three times at about eight minutes ' distance, with three such shocks as would have overturned the strongest building that could be supposed to have stood on the earth; and a great piece of the top of a rock which stood about half a mile from me next the sea, fell down with such a terrible noise, as I never heard in all my life. I perceived also the very sea was put into violent motion by it; and I believe the shocks were stronger under the water than on the island.

I was so amazed with the thing itself, having never felt the like, or discoursed with any one that had, that I was like one dead or stupefied; and the motion of the earth made my stomach sick, like one that was tossed at sea. But the noise of the falling of the rock awaked me, as it were, and rousing me from the stupefied condition I was in, filled me with horror, and I thought of nothing then but the hill falling upon my tent and all my household goods, and burying all at once; and this sunk my very soul within me a second time.

After the third shock was over, and I felt no more for some time, I began to take courage; and yet I had not heart enough to go over my wall again, for fear of being buried alive, but sat still upon the ground, greatly cast down and disconsolate, not knowing what to do. All this while I had not the least serious religious thought, nothing but the common, " Lord, have mercy upon me! " and when it was over, that went away too.

While I sat thus, I found the air overcast, and grow cloudy, as if it would rain. Soon after that the wind rose by little and little, so that in less than half an hour it blew a most dreadful hurricane. The sea was all on a sudden covered over with foam and froth; the shore was covered with the breach of the water; the trees were torn up by the roots; and a terrible storm it was: and this held about three hours, and then began to abate; and in two hours more it was stark calm, and began to rain very hard.

All this while I sat upon the ground, very much terrified and dejected; when on a sudden it came into my thoughts, that these winds and rain being the consequences of the earthquake, the earthquake itself was spent and over, and I might venture into my cave again. With this thought my spirits began to revive; and the rain also helping to persuade me, I went in and sat down in my tent. But the rain was so violent that my tent was ready to be beaten down with it, and I was forced to go into my cave, though very much afraid and uneasy, for fear it should fall on my head.

This violent rain forced me to a new work, viz., to cut a hole through my new fortification, like a sink, to let the water go out, which would else have drowned my cave. After I had been in my cave some time, and found still no more shocks of the earthquake follow, I began to be more composed. And now to support my spirits, which indeed wanted it very much, I went to my little store, and took a small sup of rum, which, however, I did then, and always, very sparingly, knowing I could have no more when that was gone.

It continued raining all that night and a great part of the next day, so that I could not stir abroad; but my mind being more composed, I began to think of what I had best do, concluding that if the island was subject to these earthquakes, there would be no living for me in a cave, but I must consider of building me some little hut in an open place, which I might surround with a wall, as I had done here, and so make myself secure from wild beasts or men; but concluded, if I stayed where I was, I should certainly, one time or another be buried alive.

With these thoughts I resolved to remove my tent from the place where it stood, which was just under the hanging precipice of the hill, and which, if it should be shaken again, would certainly fall upon my tent; and I spent the two next days, being the 19th and 20th of April, in contriving where and how to remove my habitation.

The fear of being swallowed up alive made me that I never slept in quiet; and yet the apprehension of lying abroad without any fence was almost equal to it. But still, when I looked about and saw how everything was put in order, how pleasantly concealed I was, and how safe from danger, it made me very loth to remove.

In the meantime it occurred to me that it would require a vast deal of time for me to do this, and that I must be contented to run the venture where I was, till I had formed a camp for myself, and had secured it so as to remove to it. So with this resolution I composed myself for a time, and resolved that I would go to work with all speed to build me a wall with piles and cables, etc., in a circle as before, and set my tent up in it when it was finished, but that I would venture to stay where I was till it was finished, and fit to remove to. this was the 21st.

April 22. --The next morning I began to consider of means to put this resolve in execution; but I was at a great loss about my tools. I had three large axes, and abundance of hatchets (for we carried the hatchets for traffic with the Indians), but with much chopping and cutting knotty hard wood, they were all full of notches and dull; and though I had a grindstone, I could not turn it and grind my tools too. This cost me as much thought as a statesman would have bestowed upon a grand point of politics, or a judge upon the life and death of a man. At length I contrived a wheel with a string, to turn it with my foot, that I might have both my hands at liberty. Note, I had never seen any such thing in England, or at least not to take notice how it was done, though since I have observed it is very common there; besides that, my grindstone was very large and heavy. This machine cost me a full week ' s work to bring it to perfection.

April 28, 29. --These two whole days I took up in grinding my tools, my machine for turning my grindstone performing very well.

April 30. --Having perceived my bread had been low a great while, now I took a survey of it, and reduced myself to one biscuit-cake a day, which made my heart very heavy.

May 1. --In the morning, looking towards the seaside, the tide being low, I saw something lie on the shore bigger than ordinary, and it looked like a cask. When I came to it, I found a small barrel, and two or three pieces of the wreck of the ship, which were driven on shore by the late hurricane; and looking towards the wreck itself, I thought it seemed to lie higher out of the water than it used to do. I examined the barrel which was driven on shore, and soon found it was a barrel of gunpowder; but it had taken water, and the powder was caked as hard as a stone. However, I rolled it farther on shore for the present, and went on upon the sands as near as could to the wreck of the ship to look for more.

Chapter 6. ILL AND CONSCIENCE-STRICKEN

When I came down to the ship I found it strangely removed. The forecastle, which lay before buried in sand, was heaved up at least six feet; and the stern, which was broken to pieces, and parted from the rest by the force of the sea soon after I had left rummaging her, was tossed, as it were, up, and cast on one side, and the sand was thrown so high on that side next her stern, that whereas there was a great place of water before, so that I could not come within a quarter of a mile of the wreck without swimming, I could now walk quite up to her when the tide was out. I was surprised with this at first, but soon concluded it must be done by the earthquake. And as by this violence the ship was more broken open than formerly, so many things came daily on shore, which the sea had loosened, and which the winds and water rolled by degrees to the land.

This wholly diverted my thoughts from the design of removing my habitation; and I busied myself mightily, that day especially, in searching whether I could make any way into the ship. But I found nothing was to be expected of that kind, for that all inside of the ship was choked up with sand. However, as I had learned not to despair of anything, I resolved to pull everything to pieces that I could of the ship, concluding that everything I could get from her would be of some use or other to me.

May 3. --I began with my saw, and cut a piece of a beam through, which I thought held some of the upper part or quarter-deck together; and when I had cut it through, I cleared away the sand as well as I could from the side which lay highest; but the tide coming in, I was obliged to give over for that time.

May 4. --I went a-fishing, but caught not one fish that I durst eat of, till I was weary of my sport; when, just going to leave off I caught a young dolphin. I had made me a long line of some rope-yarn, but I had no hooks; yet I frequently caught fish enough, as much as I cared to eat; all which I dried in the sun, and eat them dry.

May 5. --Worked on the wreck, cut another beam asunder, and brought three great fir-planks off from the decks, which I tied together, and made swim on shore, when the tide of flood came on.

May 6. --Worked on the wreck, got several iron bolts out of her, and other pieces of iron-work; worked very hard, and came home very much tired, and had thoughts of giving it over.

May 7. --Went to the wreck again, but with an intent not to work, but found the weight of the wreck had broke itself down, the beams being cut; that several pieces of the ship seemed to lie loose, and the inside of the hold lay so open that I could see into it, but almost full of water and sand.

May 8. --Went to the wreck, and carried an iron crow to wrench up the deck, which lay now quite clear of the water or sand. I wrenched open two planks, and brought them on shore also with the tide. I left the iron crow in the wreck for next day.

May 9. --Went to the wreck, and with the crow made way into the body of the wreck, and felt several casks, and loosened them with the crow, but could not break them up. I felt also the roll of English lead, and could stir it, but it was too heavy to remove.

May 10, 11, 12, 13, 14. --Went every day to the wreck, and got a great deal of pieces of timber, and boards, or plank, and two or three hundredweight of iron.

May 15. --I carried two hatchets to try if I could not cut a piece off of the roll of lead, by placing the edge of one hatchet, and driving it with the other; but, as it lay about a foot and a half in the water, I could not make any blow to drive the hatchet.

May 16. --It had blowed hard in the night, and the wreck appeared more broken by the force of the water; but I stayed so long in the woods to get pigeons for food, that the tide prevented me going to the wreck that day.

May 17. --I saw some pieces of the wreck blown on shore, at a great distance, near two miles off me, but resolved to see what they were, and found it was a piece of the head, but too heavy for me to bring away.

May 24. --Every day to this day I worked on the wreck, and with hard labor I loosened some things so much with the crow that the first blowing tide several casks floated out, and two of the seamen ' s chests. But the wind blowing from the shore, nothing came to land that day but pieces of timber, and a hogshead, which had some brazilpork in it, but the salt water and the sand had spoiled it.

I continued this work every day to the 15th of June, except the time necessary to get food, which I always appointed, during this part of my employment, to be when the tide was up, that I might be ready when it was ebbed out. And by this time I had gotten timber, and plank, and iron-work enough to have builded a good boat, if I had known how; and also, I got at several times, and in several pieces, near one hundredweight of the sheet-lead.

June 16. --Going down to the seaside, I found a large tortoise, or turtle. This was the first I had seen, which it seems was only my misfortune, not any defect of the place, or scarcity; for had I happened to be on the other side of the island, I might have had hundreds of them every day, as I found afterwards; but, perhaps, had paid dear enough for them.

June 17. --I spent in cooking the turtle. I found in her three-score eggs; and her flesh was to me, at that time, the most savory and pleasant that ever I tasted in my life, having had no flesh, but of goats and fowls, since I landed in this horrid place.

June 18. --Rained all day, and I stayed within. I thought at this time the rain felt cold, and I was something chilly, which I knew was not usual in that latitude.

June 19. --Very ill, and shivering, as if the weather had been cold.

June 20. --No rest all night; violent pains in my head, and feverish.

June 21. --Very ill, frighted almost to death with the apprehensions of my sad condition, to be sick, and no help. Prayed to God for the first time since the storm off of Hull, but scarce knew what I said, or why; my thoughts being all confused.

June 22. --A little better, but under dreadful apprehensions of sickness.

June 23. --Very bad again; cold and shivering, and then a violent headache.

June 24. --Much better.

June 25. --An ague very violent; the fit held me seven hours; cold fit, and hot, with faint sweats after it.

June 26. --Better; and having no victuals to eat, took my gun, but found myself very weak. However, I killed a she-goat, and with much difficulty got it home, and broiled some of it, and eat. I would fain have stewed it, and made some broth, but had no pot.

June 27. --The ague again so violent that I lay abed all day, and neither eat nor drank. I was ready to perish for thirst; but so weak, I had not strength to stand up, or to get myself any water to drink. Prayed to God again, but was light-headed; and when I was not, I was so ignorant that I knew not what to say; only I lay and cried, " Lord, look upon me! Lord, pity me! Lord, have mercy upon me! " I suppose I did nothing else for two or three hours, till the fit wearing off, I fell asleep and did not wake till far in the night. When I waked, I found myself much refreshed, but weak, and exceedingly thirsty. However, as I had no water in my whole habitation, I was forced to lie till morning, and went to sleep again. In this second sleep I had this terrible dream.

I thought that I was sitting on the ground, on the outside of my wall, where I sat when the storm blew after the earthquake, and that I saw a man descend from a great black cloud, in a bright flame of fire, and light upon the ground. He was all over as bright as a flame, so that I could but just bear to look towards him. His countenance was most inexpressibly dreadful, impossible for words to describe. When he stepped upon the ground with his feet, I thought the earth trembled, just as it had done before in the earthquake, and all the air looked, to my apprehension, as if it had been filled with flashes of fire.

He was no sooner landed upon the earth, but he moved forward towards me, with a long spear or weapon in his hand, to kill me; and when he came to a rising ground, at some distance, he spoke to me, or I heard a voice so terrible that it is impossible to express the terror of it. All that I can say I understood was this: " Seeing all these things have not brought thee to repentance, now thou shalt die; " at which words I thought he lifted up the spear that was in his hand to kill me.

No one that shall ever read this account, will expect that I should be able to describe the horrors of my soul at this terrible vision; I mean, that even while it was a dream, I even dreamed of those horrors; nor is it any more possible to describe the impression that remained upon my mind when I awaked and found it was but a dream.

I had, alas! no divine knowledge; what I had received by the good instruction of my father was then worn out, by an uninterrupted series, for eight years, of seafaring wickedness, and a constant conversation with nothing but such as were, like myself, wicked and profane to the last degree. I do not remember that I had, in all that time, one thought that so much as tended either to looking upwards toward God, or inwards towards a reflection upon my ways; but a certain stupidity of soul, without desire of good, or conscience of evil, had entirely over-whelmed me; and I was all that the most hardened, unthinking, wicked creature among our common sailors can be supposed to be; not having the least sense, either of the fear of God, in danger, or of thankfulness to God, in deliverances.

In the relating what is already past of my story, this will be the more easily believed, when I shall add, that through all the variety of miseries that had to this day befallen me, I never had so much as one thought of it being the hand of God, or that it was a just punishment for my sin; my rebellious behavior against my father, or my present sins, which were great; or so much as a punishment for the general course of my wicked life. When I was on the desperate expedition on the desert shores of Africa, I never had so much as one thought of what would become of me; or one wish to God to direct me whither I should go, or to keep me from the danger which apparently surrounded me, as well from voracious creatures as cruel savages. But I was merely thoughtless of a God or a Providence; acted like a mere brute from the principles of Nature, and by the dictates of common sense only, and indeed hardly that.

When I was delivered and taken up at sea by the Portugal captain, well used, and dealt justly and honorably with, as well as charitably, I had not the least thankfulness in my thoughts. When again I was shipwrecked, ruined, and in danger of drowning on this island, I was as far from remorse, or looking on it as a judgment; I only said to myself often, that I was an unfortunate dog, and born to be always miserable.

It is true, when I got on shore first here, and found all my ship ' s crew drowned, and myself spared, I was surprised with a kind of ecstasy, and some transports of soul, which, had the grace of God assisted, might have come up to true thankfulness; but it ended where it begun, in a mere common flight of joy, or, as I may say, being glad I was alive, without the least reflection upon the distinguishing goodness of the Hand which had preserved me, and had singled me out to be preserved, when all the rest were destroyed; or an inquiry why Providence had been thus merciful to me; even just the same common sort of joy which seamen generally have after they are got safe ashore from a shipwreck, which they drown all in the next bowl of punch, and forget almost as soon as it is over, and all the rest of my life was like it.

Even when I was afterwards, on due consideration, made sensible of my condition, how I was cast on this dreadful place, out of the reach of human kind, out of all hope of relief, or prospect of redemption, as soon as I saw but a prospect of living, and that I should not starve and perish for hunger, all the sense of my affliction wore off, and I began to be very easy, applied myself to the works proper for my preservation and supply, and was far enough from being afflicted at my condition, as a judgment from heaven, or as the hand of God against me; these were thoughts which very seldom entered my head.

The growing up of the corn, as is hinted in my journal, had at first some little influence upon me, and began to affect me with seriousness, as long as I thought it had something miraculous in it; but as soon as ever that part of the thought was removed, all the impression which was raised from it wore off also, as I have noted already.

Even the earthquake, though nothing could be more terrible in its nature, or more immediately directing to the invisible Power, which alone directs such things, yet no sooner was the first fright over, but the impression it had made went off also. I had no more sense of God or His judgments, much less of the present affliction of my circumstances being from His Hand, than if had been in the most prosperous condition of life.

But now, when I began to be sick, and a leisurely view of the miseries of death came to place itself before me; when my spirits began to sink under the burden of a strong distemper, and Nature was exhausted with the violence of the fever; conscience, that had slept so long, began to awake, and I began to reproach myself with my past life, in which I had so evidently, by uncommon wickedness, provoked the justice of God to lay me under uncommon strokes, and to deal with me in so vindictive a manner.

These reflections oppressed me for the second or third day of my distemper; and in the violence, as well of the fever as of the dreadful reproaches of my conscience, extorted some words from me, like praying to God, though I cannot say they were either a prayer attended with desires or with hopes; it was rather the voice of mere fright and distress. My thoughts were confused, the convictions great upon my mind, and the horror of dying in such a miserable condition, raised vapors into my head with the mere apprehensions; and in these hurries of my soul, I know not what my tongue might express; but it was rather exclamation, such as, " Lord! what a miserable creature am I! If I should be sick, I shall certainly die for want of help; and what will become of me? " Then the tears burst out of my eyes, and I could say no more for a good while.

In this interval, the good advice of my father came to my mind, and presently his prediction, which I mentioned at the beginning of this story, viz., that if I did take this foolish step, God would not bless me, and I would have leisure hereafter to reflect upon having neglected his counsel, when there might be none to assist in my recovery. " Now, " said I aloud, " my dear father ' s words are come to pass; God ' s justice has overtaken me, and I have none to help or hear me. I rejected the voice of Providence, which had mercifully put me in a posture or station of life wherein I might have been happy and easy; but I would neither see it myself nor learn to know the blessing of it from my parents. I left them to mourn over my folly, and now I am left to mourn under the consequences of it. I refused their help and assistance, who would have lifted me into the world, and would have made everything easy to me; and now I have difficulties to struggle with, too great for even Nature itself to support, and no assistance, no help, no comfort, no advice. " Then I cried out, " Lord, be my help, for I am in great distress. "

This was the first prayer, if I may call it so, that I had made for many years. But I return to my journal.

June 28. --Having been somewhat refreshed with the sleep I had had, and the fit being entirely off, I got up; and though the fright and terror of my —dream was very great, yet I considered that the fit of the ague would return again the next day, and now was my time to get something to refresh and support myself when I should be ill. And the first thing I did I filled a large square case-bottle with water, and set it upon my table in reach of my bed; and to take off the chill or aguish disposition of the water, I put about a quarter of a pint of rum into it, and mixed them together. Then I got me a piece of the goat ' s flesh, and broiled it on the coals, but could eat very little. I walked about, but was very weak, and withal very sad and heavy-hearted in the sense of my miserable condition, dreading the return of my distemper the next day. At night I made my supper of three of the turtle ' s eggs, which I roasted in the ashes, and eat, as we call it, in the shell; and this was the first bit of meat I had ever asked God ' s blessing to, even as I could remember, in my whole life.

After I had eaten, I tried to walk, but found myself so weak that I could hardly carry the gun (for I never went out without that); so I went but a little way, and sat down upon the ground, looking out upon the sea, which was just before me, and very calm and smooth. As I sat here, some such thoughts as these occurred to me.

What is this earth and sea, of which I have seen so much? Whence is it produced? And what am I, and all the other creatures, wild and tame, human and brutal, whence are we? Sure we are all made by some secret Power, who formed the earth and sea, the air and sky. And who is that?

Then it followed most naturally, It is God that has made it all. Well, but then it came on strangely, if God has made all these things, He guides and governs them all, and all things that concern them; for the Power that could make all things, must certainly have power to guide and direct them.

If so, nothing can happen in the great circuit of His works, either without His knowledge or appointment. And if nothing happens without His knowledge, He knows that I am here, and am in this dreadful condition. And if nothing happens without His appointment, He has appointed all this to befall me.

Nothing occurred to my thoughts to contradict any of these conclusions; and therefore it rested upon me with the greater force, that it must needs be that God has appointed all this to befall me; that I was brought to this miserable circumstance by His direction, He having the sole power, not of me only, but of everything that happened in the world. Immediately it followed, Why has God done this to me? What have I done to be thus used?

My conscience presently checked me in that inquiry, as if I had blasphemed, and methough it spoke to me like a voice: Wretch! dost thou ask what thou hast done? Look back upon a dreadful misspent life, and ask thyself what thou hast done? Ask, why is it that thou wert not long ago destroyed? Why wert thou not drowned in Yarmouth Roads; killed in the fight when the ship was taken by the Sallee man-of-war; devoured by the wild beasts on the coast of Africa; or drowned here, when all the crew perished but thyself Dost thou ask, What have I done?

I was struck dumb with these reflections, as one astonished, and had not a word to say, no, not to answer to myself, but rose up pensive and sad, walked back to my retreat, and went up over my wall, as if I had been going to bed. But my thoughts were sadly disturbed, and I had no inclination to sleep; so I sat down in my chair, and lighted my lamp, for it began to be dark. Now, as the apprehension of the return of my distemper terrified me very much, it occurred to my thought that the Brazilians take no physic but their tobacco for almost all distempers; and I had a piece of a roll of tobacco in one of the chests, which was quite cured, and some also that was green, and not quite cured.

I went, directed by Heaven no doubt; for in this chest I found a cure both for soul and body. I opened the chest, and found what I looked for, viz., the tobacco, and as the few books I had saved lay there too, I took out one of the Bibles which I mentioned before, and which to this time I had not found leisure, or so much as inclination, to look into. I say, I took it out, and brought both that and the tobacco with me to the table.

What use to make of the tobacco I knew not, as to my distemper, or whether it was good for it or no; but I tried several experiments with it, as if I was resolved it should hit one way or other. I first took a piece of a leaf, and chewed it in my mouth, which indeed at first almost stupefied my brain, the tobacco being green and strong, and that I had not been much used to it. Then I took some and steeped it an hour or two in some rum, and resolved to take dose of it when I lay down. And lastly, I burnt some upon a pan of coals, and held my nose close over the smoke of it as long as I could bear it, as well for the heat, as almost for suffocation.

In the interval of this operation, I took up the Bible, and began to read, but my head was too much disturbed with the tobacco to bear reading, at least that time; only having opened the book casually, the first words that occurred to me were these, " Call on Me in the day of trouble, and I will deliver, and thou shalt glorify Me. "

The words were very apt to my case, and made some impression upon my thoughts at the time of reading them, though not so much as they did afterwards; for as for being delivered, the word had no sound, as I may say, to me, the thing was so remote, so impossible in my apprehension of things, that I began to say, as the children of Israel did when they were promised flesh to eat, " Can God spread a table in the wilderness? " so I began to say, Can God Himself deliver me from this place? And as it was not for many years that any hope appeared, this prevailed very often upon my thoughts. But, however, the words made a great impression upon me, and I mused upon them very often.

It grew now late, and the tobacco had, as I said, dozed my head so much, that I inclined to sleep; so I left my lamp burning in the cave, lest I should want anything in the night, and went to bed. But before I lay down, I did what I never had done in all my life: I kneeled down and prayed to God to fulfill the promise to me, that if I called upon Him in the day of trouble, He would deliver me. After my broken and imperfect prayer was over, I drank the rum in which I had steeped the tobacco; which was so strong and rank of the tobacco that indeed I could scarcely get it down. Immediately upon this I went to bed. I found presently it flew up in my head violently; but I fell into a sound sleep, and waked no more till, by the sun, it must necessarily be near three o ' clock in the afternoon the next day. Nay, to his hour I am partly of the opinion that I slept all the next day and night, and till almost three that day after; for otherwise I know not how I should lose a day out of my reckoning in the days of the week, as it appeared some years after had done. For if I had lost it by crossing and recrossing the line, I should have lost more than one day. But certainly I lost a day in my account, and never knew which way.

Be that, however, one way or the other, when I awaked I found myself exceedingly refreshed, and my spirits lively and cheerful. I got up, I was stronger than I was the day before, and my stomach better, for I was hungry; and, in short, I had no fit the next day, but continued much altered for the better. This was the 29th.

The 30th was my well day, of course, and I went abroad with my gun, but did not care to travel too far. I killed a sea-fowl or two, something like a brand-goose, and brought them home, but was not very forward to eat them; so I eat some more of the turtle ' s eggs, which were very good. This evening I renewed the medicine, which I had supposed did me good the day before, viz., the tobacco steeped in rum; only I did not take so much as before, nor did I chew any of the leaf, or hold my head over the smoke. However, I was not so well the next day, which was the first of July, as I hoped I should have been; for I had a little spice of the cold fit, but it was not much.

July 2. --I renewed the medicine all the three ways; and dosed myself with it as at first, and doubled the quantity which I drank.

July 2. --I missed the fit for good and all, though I did not recover my full strength for some weeks after. While I was thus gathering strength, my thoughts ran exceedingly upon this Scripture, " I will deliver thee; " and the impossibility of my deliverance lay much upon my mind, in bar of my ever expecting it. But as I was discouraging myself with such thoughts, it occurred to my mind that I pored so much upon my deliverance from the main affliction, that I disregarded the deliverance I had received; and I was, as it were, made to ask myself such questions as these, viz., Have I not been delivered, and wonderfully too, from sickness? from the most distressed condition that could be, and that was so frightful to me? and what notice I had taken of it? Had I done my part? God had delivered me, but I had not glorified Him; that is to say, I had not owned and been thankful for that as a deliverance; and how could I expect greater deliverance?

This touched my heart very much; and immediately I kneeled down, and gave God thanks aloud for my recovery from my sickness.

July 4. --In the morning I took the Bible; and beginning at the new Testament, I began seriously to read it, and imposed upon myself to read awhile every morning and every night, not tying myself to the number of chapters, but as long as my thoughts should engage me.

It was not long afer I set seriously to this work, but I found my heart more deeply and sincerely affected with the wickedness of my past life. The impression of my dream revived, and the words, " All these things have not brought thee to repentance, " ran seriously in my thought. I was earnestly begging of God to give me repentance, when it happened providentially, the very day, that, reading the I came to these words, " He is exalted a Prince and a Saviour, to give repentance, and to give remission. " I threw down the book; and with my heart as well as my hands lifted up to heaven, in a kind of ecstasy of joy, I cried out aloud, " Jesus, Thou son of David! Jesus, Thou exalted Prince and Saviour, give me repentance! "

This was the first time that I could say, in the true sense of the words, that I prayed in all my life; for now I prayed with a sense of my condition, and with a true Scripture view of hope founded on the encouragement of the Word of God; and from this time, I may say, I began to have hope that God would hear me.

Now I began to construe the words mentioned above, " Call on Me, and I will deliver you, " in a different sense from what I had ever done before; for then I had no notion of anything being called deliverance but my being delivered from the captivity I was in; for though I was indeed at large in the place, yet the island was certainly a prison to me, and that in the worst sense in the world. But now I learned to take it in another sense; now I looked back upon my past life with such horror, and my sins appeared so dreadful, that my soul sought nothing of God but deliverance from the load of guilt that bore down all my comfort. As for my solitary life, it was nothing; I did not so much as pray to be delivered from it, or think of it; it was all of no consideration, in comparison to this. And I add this part here, to hint to whoever shall read it, that whenever they come to a true sense of things, they will find deliverance from a sin a much greater blessing than deliverance from affliction.

But leaving this part, I return to my journal.

My condition began now to be, though not less miserable as to my way of living, yet much easier to my mind; and my thoughts being directed, by a constant reading the Scripture, and praying to God, to things of a higher nature, I had a great deal of comfort within, which, till now, I knew nothing of. Also, as my health and strength returned, I bestirred myself to furnish myself with everything that I wanted, and make my way of living as regular as I could.

From the 4th of July to the 14th I was chiefly employed in walking about with my gun in my hand, a little and a little at a time, as a man that was gathering up his strength after a fit of sickness; for it is hardly to be imagined how low I was, and to what weakness I was reduced. The application which I made use of was perfectly new, and perhaps what had never cured an ague before; neither can I recommend it to any one to practise, by this experiment; and though it did carry off the fit, yet it rather contributed to weakening me; for I had frequent convulsions in my nerves and limbs for some time.

I learnt from it also this, in particular, that being abroad in the rain season was the most pernicious thing to my health that could be, especially in those rains which came attended with storms and hurricanes of wind; for as the rain which came in the dry season was always most accompanied with such storms, so I found that rain was much more dangerous than the rain which fell in September and October.

Chapter 7. AGRICULTURAL EXPERIENCE

I had been now on this unhappy island above ten months; all possibility of deliverance from this condition seemed to be entirely taken from me; and I firmly believed that no human shape had ever set foot upon that place. Having now secured my habitation, as I thought, fully to my mind, I had a great desire to make a more perfect discovery of the island, and to see what other productions I might find, which I yet knew nothing of.

It was the 15th of July that I began to take a more particular survey of the island itself. I went up the creek first, where, as I hinted, I brought my rafts on shore. I found, after I came about two miles up, that the tide did not flow any higher, and that it was no more than a little brook of running water, and very fresh and good; but this being the dry season, there was hardly any water in some parts of it, at least, not enough to run in any stream, so as it could be perceived.

On the bank of this brook I found many pleasant savannas or meadows, plain, smooth, and covered with grass; and on the water, as might be supposed, never overflowed, I found a great deal of tobacco, green, and growing to a great and very strong stalk. There were diverse other plants, which I had no notion of, or understanding about, and might, perhaps, have virtues of their own which I could not find out.

I searched for the cassava root, which the Indians, in all that climate, make their bread of, but I could find none. I saw large plants of aloes, but did not then understand them. I saw several sugar-canes, but wild, and, for want of cultivation, imperfect. I contented myself with these discoveries for this time, and came back, musing with myself what course I might take to know the virtue and goodness of any of the fruits or plants which I should discover; but could bring it to no conclusion; for, in short, I had made so little observation while I was in the Brazils, that I knew little of the plants in the field, at least very little that might serve me to any purpose now in my distress.

The next day, the 16th, I went up the same way again; and after going something farther than I had gone the day before, I found the brook and the savannas began to cease, and the country became more woody than before. In this part I found different fruits, and particularly I found melons upon the ground in great abundance, and grapes upon the trees. The vines had spread indeed over the trees, and the clusters of grapes were just now in their prime, very ripe and rich. This was a surprising discovery, and I was exceeding glad of them; but I was warned by my experience to eat sparingly of them, remembering that when I was ashore in Barbary the eating of grapes killed several of our Englishmen, who were slaves there, by throwing them into fluxes and fevers. But I found an excellent use of these grapes; and that was, to cure or dry them in the sun, and keep them as dried grapes or raisins are kept, which I thought would be, as indeed they were, as wholesome as agreeable to eat, when no grapes; might be to be had.

I spent all that evening there, and went not back to my habitation; which, by the way, was the first night, as I might say, I had lain from home. In the night, I took my first contrivance, and got up into a tree, where I slept well; and the next morning proceeded upon my discovery, travelling near four miles, as I might judge by the length of the valley, keeping still due north, with a ridge of hills on the south and north side of me.

At the end of this march I came to an opening, where the country seemed to descend to the west; and a little spring of fresh water, which issued out of the side of the hill by me, ran the other way, that is, due east; and the country appeared so fresh, so green, so flourishing, everything being in a constant verdure or flourish of spring, that it looked like a planted garden.

I descended a little on the side of that delicious vale, surveying it with a secret kind of pleasure, though mixed with my other afflicting thoughts, to think that this was all my own; and I was king and lord of all this country indefeasibly, and had a right of possession; and, if I could convey it, I might have it in inheritance as completely as any lord of a manor in England. I saw here abundance of cocoa trees, orange, and lemon, and citron trees; but all wild, and very few bearing any fruit, at least not then. However, the green limes that I gathered were not only pleasant to eat, but very wholesome; and I mixed their juice afterwards with water, which made it very wholesome, and very cool and refreshing.

I found now I had business enough to gather and carry home; and I resolved to lay up a store, as well of grapes as limes and lemons to furnish myself for the wet season, which I knew was approaching.

In order to this, I gathered a great heap of grapes in one place, and a lesser heap in another place; and a great parcel of limes and lemons in another place; and taking a few of each with me, I travelled homeward; and resolved to come again, and bring a bag or sack, or what I could make, to carry the rest home.

Accordingly, having spent three days in this journey, I came home (so I must now call my tent and my cave); but before I got thither, the grapes were spoiled; the richness of the fruits, and the weight of the juice, having broken them and bruised them, they were good for little or nothing: as to the limes, they were good, but I could bring but a few.

The next day, being the 19th, I went back, having made me two small bags to bring home my harvest; but I was surprised, when, coming to my heap of grapes, which were so rich and fine when I gathered them, I found them all spread about, trod to pieces, and dragged about, some here, some there, and abundance eaten and devoured. By this I concluded there were some wild creatures thereabouts, which had done this; but what they were, I knew not.

However, as I found that there was no laying them up on heaps, and no carrying them away in a sack, but that one way they would be destroyed, and the other way they would be crushed with their own weight, I took another course; for I gathered a large quantity of the grapes, and hung them up upon the out-branches of the trees, that they might cure and dry in the sun; and as for the limes and lemons, I carried as many back as I could well stand under.

When I came home from this journey, I contemplated with great pleasure the fruitfulness of that valley, and the pleasantness of the situation; the security from storms on that side, the water and the wood; and concluded that I had pitched upon a place to fix my abode, which was by far the worst part of the country. Upon the whole, I began to consider of removing my habitation, and to look out for a place equally safe as where I now was situate, if possible, in that pleasant fruitful part of the island.

This thought ran long in my head, and I was exceeding fond of it for some time, the pleasantness of the place tempting me; but when I came to a nearer view of it, and to consider that I was now by the seaside, where it was at least possible that something might happen to my advantage, and, by the same ill fate that brought me hither, might bring some other unhappy wretches to the same place; and though it was scarce probable that any such thing should ever happen, yet to enclose myself among the hills and woods in the centre of the island, was to anticipate my bondage, and to render such an affair not only improbable, but impossible; and that therefore I ought not by any means to remove.

However, I was so enamored of this place that I spent much of my time there for the whole remaining part of the month of July; and though, upon second thoughts, I resolved as above, not to remove, yet I built me a little kind of bower, and surrounded it at a distance with a strong fence, being a double hedge as high as I could reach, well staked, and filled between with brushwood. And here I lay very secure, sometimes two or three nights together, always going over it with a ladder, as before; so that I fancied now I had my country-house and my sea-coast house; and this work took me up to the beginning of August.

I had but newly finished my fence, and began to enjoy my labor, but the rains came on, and made me stick close to my first habitation; for though I had made me a tent like the other, with a piece of a sail, and spread it very well, yet I had not the shelter of a hill to keep me from storms, nor a cave behind me to retreat into when the rains were extraordinary.

About the beginning of August, as I said, I had finished my bower, and began to enjoy myself. The 3rd of August I found the grapes I had hung up were perfectly dried, and indeed were excellent good raisins of the sun; so I began to take them down from the trees. And it was very happy that I do so, for the rains which followed would have spoiled them, and I had lost the best part of my winter food; for I had above two hundred large bunches of them. No sooner had I taken them all down, and carried most of them home to my cave, but it began to rain; and from hence, which was the 14th of August, it rained, more or less, every day till the middle of October, and sometimes so violently, that I could not stir out of my cave for several days.

In this season, I was much surprised with the increase of my family. I had been much concerned for the loss of one of my cats, who run away from me, or, as I thought, had been dead, and I heard no more tale or tidings of her, still, to my astonishment, she came home about the end of August with three kittens. This was the more strange to me, because, though I had killed a wildcat, as I called it, with my gun, yet I thought it was a quite different kind from our European cats; yet the young cats were the same kind of house-breed like the old one; and both my cats being females, I thought it very strange. But from these three cats I afterwards came to be so pestered with cats, that I was forced to kill them like vermin, or wild beasts, and to drive them from my house as much as possible.

From the 14th of August to the 26th, incessant rain, so that I could not stir, and was now very careful not to be much wet. In this confinement, I began to be straitened for food; but venturing out twice, I one day killed a goat, and the last day, which was the 26th, found a very large tortoise, which was a treat to me, and my food was regulated thus: I eat a bunch of raisins for my breakfast, a piece of the goat ' s flesh, or of the turtle, for my dinner, broiled; for, to my great misfortune, I had no vessel to boil or stew anything; and two or three of the turtle ' s eggs for my supper.

During this confinement in my cover by the rain, I worked daily two or three hours at enlarging my cave, and by degrees worked it on towards one side, till I came to the outside of the hill, and made a door, or way out, which came beyond my fence or wall; and so I came in and out this way. But I was not perfectly easy at lying so open; for as I had managed myself before, I was in a perfect enclosure; whereas now, I thought I lay exposed, and open for anything to come in upon me; and yet I could not perceive that there was any living thing to fear, the biggest creature that I had yet seen upon the island being a goat.

September 20. --I was now come to the unhappy anniversary of my landing. I cast up the notches on my post, and found I had been on shore three hundred and sixty-five days. I kept this day as a solemn fast, setting it apart to religious exercise, prostrating myself on the ground with the most serious humiliation, confessing my sins to God, acknowledging His righteous judgments upon me, and praying to Him to have mercy on me through Jesus Christ; and having not tasted the least refreshment for twelve hours, even till the going down of the sun, I then eat a biscuit-cake and a bunch of grapes and went to bed, finishing the day as I began it.

I had all this time observed no Sabbath day, for as at first I had no sense of religion upon my mind, I had, after some time, omitted to distinguish the weeks, by making a longer notch than ordinary for the Sabbath day, and so did not really know what any of the days were. But now, having cast up the days, as above, I found I had been there a year, so I divided it into weeks, and set apart every seventh day for a Sabbath; though I found at the end of my account, I had lost a day or two in my reckoning.

A little after this my ink began to fail me, and so I contented myself to use it more sparingly, and to write down only the most remarkable events of my life, without continuing a daily memorandum of other things.

The rainy season and the dry season began now to appear regular to me, and I learned to divide them so as to provide for them accordingly; but I bought all my experience before I had it, and this I am going to relate was one of the most discouraging experiments that I made at all. I have mentioned that I had saved the few ears of barley and rice, which I had so surprisingly found spring up, as I thought, of themselves, and believe there were about thirty stalks of rice, and about twenty of barley; and now I thought it a proper time to sow it after the rains, the sun being in its southern position, going from me.

Accordingly I dug up a piece of ground as well as I could with my wooden spade, and dividing it into two parts, I sowed my grain; but as I was sowing it, it casually occurred to my thoughts that I would not sow it all at first, because I did not know when was the proper time for it, so I sowed about two-thirds of the seed, leaving about a handful of each.

It was a great comfort to me afterwards that I did so, for not one grain of that I sowed this time came to anything, for the dry months following, the earth having had no rain after the seed was sown, it had no moisture to assist its growth, and never came up at all till the wet season had come again, and then it grew as if it had been but newly sown.

Finding my first seed did not grow, which I easily imagined was by the drought, I sought for a moister piece of ground to make another trial in, and I dug up a piece of ground near my new bower, and sowed the rest of my seed in February, a little before the vernal equinox. And this having the rainy months of March and April to water it, sprung up very pleasantly, and yielded a very good crop; but having part of the seed left only, and not daring to sow all that I had, I had but a small quantity at last, my whole crop not amounting to above half a peck of each kind. But by this experiment I was made master of my business, and knew exactly when the proper season was to sow, and that I might expect two seed-times and two harvests every year.

While this corn was growing, I made a little discovery, which was of use to me afterwards. As soon as the rains were over, and the weather began to settle, which was about the month of November, I made a visit up the country to my bower, where, though I had not been some months, yet I found all things just as I left them. The circle or double hedge that I had made was not only firm and entire, but the stakes which I had cut out of some trees that grew hereabouts were all shot out, and grown with long branches, as much as a willow-tree usually shoots the first year after loping its head. I could not tell what tree to call it that these stakes were cut from. I was surprised, and yet very well pleased to see the young trees grow, and I pruned them, and led them up to grow as much alike as I could. And it is scarce credible how beautiful a figure they grew into in three years; so that though the hedge made a circle of about twenty-five yards in diameter, yet the trees, for such I might now call them, soon covered it, and it was a complete shade, sufficient to lodge under all the dry season.

This made me resolve to cut some more stakes, and make me a hedge like this, in a semicircle round my wall (I mean that of my first dwelling, which I did; and placing the trees or stakes in a double row, at about eight yards distance from my first fence, they grew presently, and were at first a fine cover to my habitation, and afterward served for defence also, as I shall observe in its order. I found now that the seasons of the year might generally be divided, not into summer and winter, as in Europe, but into the rainy seasons and the dry seasons; which were generally thus:

Half February, March, half April: Rainy, the sun being then on, or near the equinox.

Half April, May, June, July, half August: Dry, the sun being then to the north of the line.

Half August, September, half October: Rainy, the sun being then come back.

Half October, November, December, January, half February: Dry, the sun being then to the south of the line.

The rainy season sometimes held longer or shorter as the winds happened to blow, but this was the general observation I made. After I had found by experience the ill consequence of being abroad in the rain, I took care to furnish myself with provisions beforehand, that I might not be obliged to go out; and I sat within doors, as much as possible during the wet months.

In this time I found much employment, and very suitable also to the time, for I found great occasion of many things which I had no way to furnish myself with but by hard labor and constant application; particularly, I tried many ways to make myself a basket; but all the twigs I could get for the purpose proved so brittle, that they would do nothing. It proved of excellent advantage to me now, that when I was a boy I used to take great delight in standing at a basket maker ' s in the town where my father lived, to see them make their wicker-ware; and being, as boys usually are, very officious to help, and a great observer of the manner how they work those things, and sometimes lending a hand, I had by this means full knowledge of the methods of it. That I wanted nothing but the materials; when it came into my mind that the twigs of that tree from whence I cut my stakes that grew might possibly be as tough as the sallows, and willows, and osiers in England, and I resolved to try.

Accordingly, the next day, I went to my country-house, as I called it; and cutting some of the smaller twigs, I found them to my purpose as much as I could desire; whereupon I came the next time prepared with a hatchet to cut down a quantity, which I soon found, for there was great plenty of them. These I set up to dry within my circle or hedge, and when they were fit for use, I carried them to my cave; and here during the next season I employed myself in making, as well as I could, a great many baskets, both to carry earth, or to carry or lay up anything as I had occasion. And though I did not finish them very handsomely, yet I made them sufficiently serviceable for my purpose. And thus, afterwards, I took care never to be without them; and as my wicker-ware decayed, I made more; especially I made strong deep baskets to place my corn in, instead of sacks, when I should come to have any quantity of it.

Having mastered this difficulty, and employed a world of time about it, I bestirred myself to see, if possible, how to supply two wants. I had no vessels to hold anything that was liquid, except two runlets, which were almost full of rum, and some glass bottles, some of the common size, and others which were case-bottles square, for the holding of waters, spirits, etc. I had not so much as a pot to boil anything except a great kettle, which I saved out of the ship, and which was too big for such use as I desired it, viz., to make broth, and stew a bit of meat by itself. The second thing I would fain have had was a tobacco-pipe; but it was impossible to me to make one. However, I found contrivance for that, too, at last.

Chapter 8. SURVEYS HIS POSITION

I employed myself in planting my second rows of stakes or piles, and in this wicker-working all the summer or dry season, when another business took me up more time that it could be imagined I could spare.

I mentioned before that I had a great mind to see the whole island, and that I had travelled up the brook, and so on to where I built my bower, and where I had an opening quite to the sea, on the other side of the island. I now resolved to travel quite across to the seashore on that side; so taking my gun, a hatchet, and my dog, and a larger quantity of powder and shot than usual, with two biscuit-cakes and a great bunch of raisins in my pouch for my store, I began my journey. When I had passed the vale where my bower stood, as above, I came within view of the sea to the west; and it being a very clear day, I fairly descried land, whether an island or a continent I could not tell; but it lay very high, extending from the west to the WSW. at a very great distance; by my guess, it could not be less than fifteen or twenty leagues off.

I could not tell what part of the world this might be, otherwise than that I know it must be part of America, and, as I concluded, by all my observations, must be near the Spanish dominions, and perhaps was all inhabited by savages, where, if I should have landed, I had been in a worse condition than I was now; and therefore I acquiesced in the dispositions of Providence which I began now to own and to believe ordered everything for the best. I say, I quieted my mind with this, and left afflicting myself with fruitless wishes of being there.

Besides, after some pause upon this affair, I considered that if this land was the Spanish coast I should certainly, one time or other, see some vessel pass or repass one way or other; but if not, then it was the savage coast between the Spanish country and Brazils, which are indeed the worst of savages; for they are cannibals or men-eaters, and fail not to murder and devour all the human bodies that fall into their hands.

With these considerations I walked very leisurely forward. I found that side of the island, where I now was, much pleasanter than mine, the open or savanna fields sweet, adorned with flowers and grass, and full of very fine woods.

I saw abundance of parrots, and fain would have caught one, if possible, to have kept it to be tame, and taught it to speak to me. I did, after some painstaking, catch a young parrot, for I knocked it down with a stick, and having recovered it, I brought it home; but it was some years before I could make him speak. However, at last I taught him to call me by my name very familiarly. But the accident that followed, though it be a trifle, will be very diverting in its place. Vi gran cantidad de cotorras y me dieron ganas de capturar una para domesticarla y enseñarla a hablar; y así lo hice. Con mucho esfuerzo, capturé una cría que derribé con un palo y, después de curarla, la llevé a casa, mas no fue, hasta al cabo de unos años, que logré enseñarla a hablar y, finalmente, a decir mi nombre con familiaridad. Más tarde se produjo un pequeño incidente cuyo relato será divertido.

I was exceedingly diverted with this journey. I found in the low grounds bares, as I thought them to be, and foxes; but they differed greatly from all the other kinds I had met with, nor could I satisfy myself to eat them, though I killed several. But I had no need to be venturous, for I had no want of food, and of that which was very good too; especially these three sorts, viz., goats, pigeons, and turtle, or tortoise; which, added to my grapes, Leadenhall Market could not have furnished a table better than I, in proportion to the company. And though my case was deplorable enough, yet I had great cause for thankfulness, and that I was not driven to any extremities for food, rather plenty, even to dainties.

I never travelled in this journey above two miles outright in a day, or thereabouts; but I took so many turns and returns, to see what discoveries I could make, that I came weary enough to the place where I resolved to sit down for all night; and then I either reposed myself in a tree, or surrounded myself with a row of stakes, set upright in the ground, either from one tree to another, or so as no wild creature could come at me without waking me.

As soon as I came to the seashore, I was surprised to see that I had taken up my lot on the worst side of the island, for here indeed the shore was covered with innumerable turtles; whereas, on the other side, I had found but three in a year and a half. Here was also an infinite number of fowls of many kinds, some which I had seen, and some which I had not see of before, and many of them were very good meat, but such as I knew not the names of, except those called penguins.

I could have shot as many as I pleased, but was very sparing of my powder and shot, and therefore had more mind to kill a she-goat, if I could, which I could better feed on; and though there were many goats here, more than on my side the island, yet it was with much more difficulty that I could come near them, the country being flat and even, and they saw me much sooner then when I was on the hill.

I confess this side of the country was much pleasanter than mine; but yet I had not the least inclination to remove, for as I was fixed in my habitation, it became natural to me, and I seemed all the while I was here to be as it were upon a journey, and from home. However, I travelled along the shore of the sea towards the east, I suppose about twelve miles, and then setting up a great pole upon the shore for a mark, I concluded I would go home again; and that the next journey I took should be on the other side of the island, east from my dwelling, and so round till I came to my post again; of which in its place.

I took another way to come back than that I went, thinking I could easily keep all the island so much in my view that I could not miss finding my first dwelling by viewing the country. But I found myself mistaken; for being come about two or three miles, I found myself descended into a very large valley, but so surrounded with hills, and those hill covered with wood, that I could not see which was my way by any direction but that of the sun, nor even then, unless I knew very well the position of the sun at that time of the day.

It happened to my farther misfortune that the weather proved hazy for three or four days while I was in this valley; and not being able to see the sun, I wandered about very uncomfortably, and at last was obliged to find out the seaside, look for my post, and come back the same way I went; and then by easy journeys I turned homeward, the weather being exceeding hot, and my gun, ammunition, hatchet, and other things very heavy.

In this journey my dog surprised a young kid, and seized upon it, and I running in to take hold of it, caught it, and saved it alive from the dog. I had a great mind to bring it home if I could, for I had often been musing whether it might not be possible to get a kid or two, and so raise a breed of tame goats, which might supply me when my powder and shot should be all spent.

I made a collar to this little creature, and with a string, which I made of some rope-yarn, which I always carried about me, I led him along, though with some difficulty, till I came to my bower, and there I enclosed him and left him, for I was very impatient to be at home, from whence I had been absent above a month.

I cannot express what a satisfaction it was to me to come into my old hutch, and lie down in my hammock-bed. This little wandering journey, without settled place of abode, had been so unpleasant to me, that my own house, as I called it to myself, was a perfect settlement to me compared to that; and it rendered everything about me so comfortable, that I resolved I would never go a great way from it again, while it should be my lot to stay on the island.

I reposed myself here a week, to rest and regale myself af after my long journey; during which most of the time was taken up in the weighty affair of making a cage for my Poll, who began now to be a mere domestic, and to be mighty well acquainted with me. Then I began to think of the poor kid which I had penned in within my little circle, and resolved to go and fetch it home, or give it some food. Accordingly I went, and found it where I left it, for indeed it could not get out, but almost starved for want of food. I went out and cut boughs of trees, and branches of such shrubs as I could find, and threw it over, and having fed it, I tied it as I did before, to lead it away; but it was so tame with being hungry, that I had no need to have tied it, for it followed me like a dog. And as I continually fed it, the creature became so loving, so gentle, and so fond, that it became from that time one of my domestics also, and would never leave me afterwards.

The rainy season of the autumnal equinox was now come, and I kept the 30th of September in the same solemn manner as before, being the anniversary of my landing on the island, having now been there two years, and no more prospect of being delivered than the first day I came there. I spent the whole day in humble and thankful acknowledgments of the many wonderful mercies which my solitary condition was attended with, and without which it might have been infinitely more miserable. I gave humble and hearty thanks that God had been pleased to discover to me even that it was possible I might be more happy in this solitary condition, than I should have been in a liberty of society, and in all the pleasures of the world; that He could fully make up to me the deficiences of my solitary state, and the want of human society, by His presence, and the communication of His grace to my soul, supporting, comforting, and encouraging me to depend upon His providence here, and hope for His eternal presence hereafter.

It was now that I began sensibly to feel how much more happy this life I now led was, with all its miserable circumstances, than the wicked, cursed, abominable life I led all the past part of my days. And now I changed both my sorrows and my joys; my very desires altered, my affections changed their gusts, and my delights were perfectIy new from what they were at my first coming, or indeed for the two years past.

Before, as I walked about, either on my hunting, or for viewing the country, the anguish of my soul at my condition would break out upon me on a sudden, and my very heart would die within me, to think of the woods, the mountains, the deserts I was in, and how I was a prisoner, locked up with the eternal bars and bolts of the ocean, in an uninhibited wilderness, without redemption. In the midst of the greatest composures of my mind, this would break out upon me like a storm, and make me wring my hands and weep like a child. Sometimes it would take me in the middle of my work, and I would immediately sit down and sigh, and look upon the ground for an hour or two together; and this was still worse to me, for if I could burst out into tears, or vent myself by words, it would go off, and the grief, having exhausted itself, would abate.

But now I began to exercise myself with new thoughts. I daily read the Word of God, and applied all the comforts of it to my present state. One morning, being very sad, I opened the Bible upon these words, " I will never, never leave thee, nor forsake thee. " Immediately it occurred that these words were to me; why else should they be directed in such a manner, just at the moment when I was mourning over my condition, as one forsake of God and man? " Well, then, " said I, " if God does not forsake me, of what ill consequence can it be, or what matters it, though the world should all forsake me, seeing on the other hand, if I had all the world, and should lose the favor and blessing of God, there would be no comparison in the loss? "

From this moment I began to conclude in my mind that it was possible for me to be more happy in this forsaken solitary condition, that it was probable I should ever have been in any other particular state in the world, and with this thought I was going to give thanks to God for bringing me to this place.

I know not what it was, but something shocked my mind at that thought, and I durst not speak the words. " How canst thou be such a hypocrite, " said I, even audibly, " to pretend to be thankful for a condition which, however thou mayest endeavor to be contented with, thou wouldest rather pray heartily to be delivered from? " So I stopped there; but though I could not say I thanked God for being there, yet I sincerely gave thanks to God for opening my eyes, by whatever afflicting providences, to see the former condition of my life, and to mourn for my wickedness, and repent. I never opened the Bible, or shut it, but my very soul within me blessed God for directing my friend in England, without any order of mine, to pack it up among my goods, and for assisting me afterwards to save it out of the wreck of the ship.

Thus, and in this disposition of mind, I began my third year; and though I have not given the reader the trouble of so particular account of my works this year as the first, yet in general it may be observed, that I was very seldom idle, but having regularly divided my time, according to the several daily employments that were before me, such as, first my duty to God, and the reading the Scriptures, which I constantly set apart some time for, thrice every day; secondly, the going abroad with my gun for food, which generally took me up three hours in every morning, when it did not rain; thirdly, the ordering, curing, preserving, and cooking what I had killed or catched for my supply; these took up great part of the day; also it is to be considered that the middle of the day, when the sun was in the zenith, the violence of the heat was too great to stir out; so that about four hours in the evening was all the time I could be supposed to work in, with this exception, that sometimes I changed my hours of hunting and working, and went to work in the morning, and abroad with my gun in the afternoon.

To this short time allowed for labor, desire may be added the exceeding laboriousness of my work; the many hours which, for want of tools, want of help, and want of skill, everything I did took up out of my time. For example, I was full two and forty days making me a board for a long shelf, which I wanted in my cave; whereas two sawyers, with their tools and a saw-pit, would have cut six of them out of the same tree in half a day.

My case was this: it was to be a large tree which was to be cut down, because my board was to be a broad one. This tree I was three days a-cutting down, and two more cutting off the boughs, and reducing it to a log, or piece of timber. With inexpressible hacking and hewing, I reduced both sides of it into chips till it begun to be light enough to move; then I turned it, and made one side of it smooth and flat as a board from end to end; then turning that side downward, cut the other side, till I brought the plank to be about three inches thick, and smooth on both sides. Any one may judge the labor of my hands in such a piece of work; but labor and patience carried me through that, and many other things. I only observe this in particular, to show the reason why so much of my time went away with so little work, viz., that what might be a little to be done with help and tools, was a vast labor, and required a prodigious time to do alone, and by hand. But not withstanding this, with patience and labor, I went through many things, and, indeed, everything that my circumstances made necessary to me to do, as will appear by what follows.

I was now, in the months of November and December, expecting my crop of barley and rice. The ground I had manured or dug up for them was not great; for as I observed, my seed of each was not above the quantity of half a peck; for I had lost one whole crop by sowing in the dry season. But now my crop promised very well, when on a sudden I found I was in danger of losing it all again by enemies of several sorts, which it was scarce possible to keep from it; as, first the goats and wild creatures which I called hares, who, tasting the sweetness of the blade, lay in it night and day, as soon as it came up, and eat it so close, that it could get no time to shoot up into stalk.

This I saw no remedy for but by making an enclosure about it with a hedge, which I did with a great deal of toil, and the more, because it required speed. However, as my arable land was small, suited to my crop, I got it totally well fenced in about three weeks ' time, and shooting some of the creatures in the daytime, I set my dog to guard it in the night, tying him up to a stake at the gate, where he would stand and bark all night long; so in a little time the enemies forsook the place, and the corn grew very strong and well, and began to ripen apace.

But as the beasts ruined me before while my corn was in the blade, so the birds were as likely to ruin me now when it was in the ear; for going along by the place to see how it throve, I saw my little crop surrounded with fowls, of I know not how many sorts, who stood, as it were, watching till I should be gone. I immediately let fly among them, for I always had my gun with me. I had no sooner shot, but there rose up a little cloud of fowls, which I had not seen at all, from among the corn itself.

This touched me sensibly, for I foresaw that in a few days they would devour all my hopes, that I should be starved, and never be able to raise a crop at all, and what to do I could not tell. However, I resolved not to lose my corn, if possible, though I should watch it night and day. In the first place, I went among it to see what damage was already done, and found they had spoiled a good deal of it; but that as it was yet too green for them, the loss was not so great but that the remainder was like to be a good crop if it could be saved.

I stayed by it to load my gun, and then coming away, I could easily see the thieves sitting upon all the trees about me, as if they only waited till I was gone away. And the event proved it to be so; for as I walked off, as if I was gone, I was no sooner out of their sight but they dropped down, one by one, into the corn again. I was so provoked, that I could not have patience to stay till more came on, knowing that every grain that they eat now was, as it might be said, a peck-loaf to me in the consequence; but coming up to the hedge, I fired again, and killed three of them. This was what I wished for; so I took them up, and served them as we serve notorious thieves in England, viz., hanged them in chains, for a terror to others. It is impossible to imagine almost that this should have such an effect as it had, for the fowls would not only not come at the corn, but, in short, they forsook all that part of the island, and I could never see a bird near the place as long as my scare-crows hung there.

This I was very glad of, you may be sure; and about the latter end of December, which was our second harvest of the year, I reaped my crop.

I was sadly put to it for a scythe or a sickle to cut it down, and all I could do was to make one as well as I could out of one of the broadswords, or cutlasses, which I saved among the arms out of the ship. However, as my first crop of corn was but small, I had no great difficulty to cut it down; in short, I reaped it my way, for I cut nothing off but the ears, and carried it away in a great basket which I had made, and so rubbed it out with my hands; and at the end of all my harvesting, I found that out of my half peck of seed I had near two bushels of rice, and above two bushels and a half of barley, that is to say, by my guess, for I had no measure at that time.

However, this was a great encouragement to me, and I foresaw that, in time, it would please God to supply me with bread. And yet here I was perplexed again, for I neither knew how to grind or make meal of my corn, or indeed how to clean it and part it; nor, if made into meal, how to make bread of it, and if how to make it, yet I knew not how to bake it. These things being added to my desire of having a good quantity for store, and to secure a constant supply, I resolved not to taste any of this crop, but to preserve it all for seed against the next season, and, in the meantime, to employ all my study and hours of working to accomplish this great work of providing myself with corn and bread.

It might be truly said, that now I worked for my bread. ' Tis a little wonderful, and what I believe few people have thought upon, viz., the strange multitude of little things necessary in the providing, producing, curing, dressing, making, and finishing this one article of bread.

I, that was reduced to a mere state of nature, found this to my daily discouragement, and was made more and more sensible of it every hour, even after I had got the first handful of seedcorn, which, as I have said, came up unexpectedly, and indeed, to a surprise.

First, I had no plough to turn up the earth, no spade or shovel to dig it. Well, this I conquered by making a wooden spade, as I observed before, but this did my work in but a wooden manner; and though it cost me a great many days to make it, yet, for want of iron, it not only wore out the sooner, but made my work the harder, and made it be performed much worse.

However, this I bore with, and was content to work it out with patience, and bear with the badness of the performance. When the corn was sowed, I had no harrow, but was forced to go over it myself, and drag a great heavy bough of a tree over it, to scratch it, as it may be called, rather than rake or harrow it.

When it was growing and grown, I have observed already how many things I wanted to fence it, secure it, mow or reap it, cure and carry it home, thrash, part it from the chaff, and save it. Then I wanted a mill to grind it, sieves to dress it, yeast and salt to make it into bread, and an oven to bake it, and yet all these things I did without, as shall be observed; and yet the corn was an inestimable comfort and advantage to me too. All this, as I said, made everything laborious and tedious to me, but that there was no help for; neither was my time so much loss to me, because, as I had divided it, a certain part of it was every day appointed to these works, and as I resolved to use none of the corn for bread till I had a greater quantity by me, I had the next six months to apply myself wholly, by labor and invention, to furnish myself with utensils proper for the performing all the operations necessary for the making the corn, when I had it, fit for my use.

Chapter 9. A BOAT

But first I was to prepare more land, for I had now seed enough to sow above an acre of ground. Before I did this, I had a week ' s work at least to make me a spade, which, when it was done, was but a sorry one indeed, and very heavy, and required double labor to work with it. However, I went through that, and sowed my seed in two large flat pieces of ground, as near my house as I could find them to my mind, and fenced them in with a good hedge, the stakes of which were al cut of that wood which I had set before, and knew it would grow; so that in one year ' s time I knew I should have a quick or living hedge, that would want but little repair. This work was not so little as to take me up less than three months, because great part of that time was of the wet season, when I could not go abroad.

Within doors, that is, when it rained, and I could not go out, I found employment on the following occasions; always observing, that all the while I was at work, I diverted myself with talking to my parrot, and teaching him to speak, and I quickly learned him to know his own name, and at last to speak it out pretty loud, " Poll, " which was the first word I ever heard spoken in the island by any mouth but my own. This, therefore, was not my work, but an assistant to my work; for now, as I said, I had a great employment upon my hands, as follows, viz., I had long studied, by some means or other, to make myself some earthern vessels, which indeed I wanted sorely, but knew not where to come at them. However, considering the heat of the climate, I did not doubt but if I could find out any such clay, I might botch up some such a pot as might, being dried in the sun, be hard enough and strong enough to bear handling, and to hold anything that was dry, and required to be kept so; and as this was necessary in the preparing corn, meal, etc., which was the thing I was upon, I resolved to make some as large as I could, and fit only to stand like jars, to hold what should be put into them.

It would make the reader pity me, or rather laugh at me, to tell how many awkward ways I took to raise this paste; what odd, misshapen, ugly things I made; how many of them fell in, and how many fell out, the clay not being stiff enough to bear its own weight; how many cracked by the over-violent heat of the sun, being set out too hastily; and how many fell in pieces with only removing, as well before as after they were dried; and, in a word, how, after having labored hard to find the clay, to dig it, to temper it, to bring it home, and work it, I could not make above two large earthen ugly things (I cannot call them jars) in about two months ' labor.

However, as the sun baked these two very dry and hard, I lifted them very gently up, and set them down again in two great wicker baskets, which I had made on purpose for them, that they might not break; and as between the pot and the basket there was a little room to spare, I stuffed it full of the rice and barley straw, and these two pots being to stand always dry, I thought would hold my dry corn, and perhaps the meal, when the corn was bruised.

Though I miscarried so much in my design for large pots, yet I made several smaller things with better success; such as little round pots, flat dishes, pitchers, and pipkins, and any things my hand turned to; and the heat of the sun baked them strangely hard. But all this would not answer my end, which was to get an earthen pot to hold what was liquid, and bear the fire, which none of these could do. It happened after some time, making a pretty large fire for cooking my meat, when I went to put it out after I had done with it, I found a broken piece of one of my earthenware vessels in the fire, burnt as hard as a stone, and red as a tile. I was agreeably surprised to see it, and said to myself, that certainly they might be made to burn whole, if they would burn broken.

This set me to studying how to order my fire, so as to make it burn me some pots. I had no notion of a kiln, such as the potters burn in, or of glazing them with lead, though I had some lead to do it with; but I placed three large pigskins, and two or three pots in a pile, one upon another, and placed my firewood all round it, with a great heap of embers under them. I plied the fire with fresh fuel round the outside, and upon the top, till I saw the pots in the inside re-hot quite through, and observed that they did not crack at all. When I saw them clear red, I let them stand in that heat about five or six hours, till I found one of them, though it did not crack, did melt or run, for the sand which was mixed with the clay melted by the violence of the heat, and would have run into glass, if I had gone on; so I slacked my fire gradually till the pots began to abate of the red color; and watching them all night, that I might not let the fire abate too fast, in the morning I had three very good, I will not say handsome, pigskins, and two other earthen pots, as hard burnt as could be desired, and one of them perfectly glazed with the running of the sand.

After this experiment, I need not say that I wanted no sort of earthenware for my use; but I must needs say, as to the shapes of them, they were very indifferent, as any one may suppose, when I had no way of making them but as the children make dirt pies, or as a woman would make pies that had never learned to raise paste.

No joy at a thing of so mean a nature was ever equal to mine, when I found I had made an earthen pot that would bear the fire; and I had hardly patience to stay till they were cold, before I set one upon the fire again, with some water in it, to boil me some meat, which it did admirably well; and with a piece of a kid I made some very good broth, though I wanted oatmeal and several other ingredients requisite to make it so good as I would have had it been.

My next concern was to get me a stone mortar to stamp or beat some corn in; for as to the mill, there was no thought at arriving to that perfection of art with one pair of hands. To supply this want I was at a great loss; for, of all trades in the world, I was as perfectly unqualified for a stone-cutter as for any whatever; neither had I any tools to go about it with. I spent many a day to find out a great stone big enough to cut hollow, and make fit for a mortar, and could find none at all, except what was in the solid rock, and which I had no way to dig or cut out; nor, indeed, were the rocks in the island of hardness sufficient, but were all of a sandy crumbling stone, which neither would bear the weight of a heavy pestle, or would break the corn without filling it with sand. So, after a great deal of time lost in searching for a stone, I gave it over, and resolved to look out for a great block of hard wood, which I found indeed much easier; and getting one as big as I had strength to stir, I rounded it, and formed it in the outside with my axe and hatchet, and then, with the help of fire, and infinite labor, made a hollow place in it, as the Indians in Brazil make their canoes. After this, I made a great heavy pestle, or beater, of the wood called the iron-wood; and this I prepared and laid by against I had my next crop of corn, when I proposed to myself to grind, or rather pound, my corn into meal, to make my bread.

My next difficulty was to make a sieve, or search, to dress my meal, and to part it from the bran and the husk, without which I did not see it possible I could have any bread. This was a most difficult thing, so much as but to think on, for to be sure I had nothing like the necessary thing to make it; I mean fine thin canvas or stuff, to search the meal through. And here I was at a full stop for many months, nor did I really know what to do; linen I had none left, but what was mere rags; I had goats ' -hair, but neither knew I how to weave it or spin it; and had I known how, here was no tools to work it with. All the remedy that I found for this was, that at last I did remember I had, among the seamen ' s clothes which were saved out of the ship, some neckcloths of calico or muslin; and with some pieces of these I made three small sieves, but proper enough for the work; and thus I made shift for some years. How I did afterwards, I shall show in its place.

The baking part was the next thing to be considered, and how I should make bread when I came to have corn; for, first, I had no yeast. As to that part, as there was no supplying the want, so I did not concern myself much about it; but for an oven I was indeed in great pain. At length I found out an experiment for that also, which was this: I made some earthen vessels very broad, but not deep, that is to say, about two feet diameter, and not above nine inches deep; these I burned in the fire, as I had done the other, and laid them by; and when I wanted to bake, I made a great fire upon my hearth, which I had paved with some square tiles, of my own making and burning also; but I should not call them square.

When the firewood was burned pretty much into embers, or live coals, I drew them forward upon this hearth, so as to cover it all over, and there I let them lie till the hearth was very hot; then sweeping away all the embers, I set down my loaf, or loaves, and whelming down the earthen pot upon them, drew the embers all round the outside of the pot, to keep in and add to the heat. And thus, as well as in the best oven in the world, I baked my barley-loaves, and became; in a little time, a mere pastry-cook into the bargain; for I made myself several cakes of the rice, and puddings; indeed, I made no pies, neither had I anything to put into them, supposing I had, except the flesh either of fowls or goats.

It need not be wondered at, if all these things took me up most part of the third year of my abode here; for it is to be observed, that in the intervals of these things I had my new harvest and husbandry to manage; for I reaped my corn in its season, and carried it home as well as I could, and laid it up in the ear, in my large baskets, till I had time to rub it out, for I had no floor to thrash it on, or instrument to thrash it with.

And now, indeed, my stock of corn increasing, I really wanted to build my barns bigger. I wanted a place to lay it up in, for the increase of the corn now yielded me so much that I had of the barley about twenty bushels, and of the rice as much, or more, insomuch that now I resolved to begin to use it freely; for my bread had been quite gone a great while; also, I resolved to see what quantity would be sufficient for me a whole year, and to sow but once a year.

Upon the whole, I found that the forty bushels of barley and rice was much more than I could consume in a year; so I resolved to sow just the same quantity every year that I sowed the last, in hopes that such a quantity would fully provide me with bread, etc.

All the while these things were doing, you may be sure my thoughts run many times upon the prospect of land which I had seen from the other side of the island, and I was not without secret wishes that I were on shore there, fancying the seeing the mainland, and in an inhabited country, I might find some way or other to convey myself farther, and perhaps at last find some means of escape.

But all this while I made no allowance for the dangers of such a condition, and how I might fall into the hands of savages, and perhaps such as I might have reason to think far worse than the lions and tigers of Africa; that if I once came into their power, I should run a hazard more than a thousand to one of being killed, and perhaps of being eaten; for I had heard that the people of the Caribbean coasts were cannibals, or maneaters, and I knew by the latitude that I could not be far off from that shore. That supposed they were not cannibals, yet that they might kill me, as many Europeans who had fallen into their hands had been served, even when they had been often or twenty together, much more I, that was but one, and could make little or no defence; all these things, I say, which I ought to have considered well of, and did cast up in my thoughts afterwards, yet took up none of my apprehensions at first, but my head ran mightily upon the thought of getting over to the shore.

Now I wished for my boy Xury, and the longboat with the shoulder-of-mutton sail, with which I sailed above a thousand miles on the coast of Africa; but this was in vain. Then I thought I would go and look at our ship ' s boat, which, as I have said, was blown up upon the shore a great way, in the storm, when we were first cast away. She lay almost where she did at first, but not quite; and was turned, by the force of the waves and the winds, almost bottom side upward, against a high ridge of beachy rough sand, but no water about her, as before.

If I had had hands to have refitted her, and to have launched her into the water, the boat would have done well enough, and I might have gone back into the Brazils with her easily enough; but I might have foreseen that I could no more turn her and set her upright upon her bottom, that I could remove the island. However, I went to the woods, and cut levers and rollers, and brought them to the boat, resolved to try what I could do; suggesting to myself that if I could but turn her down, I might easily repair the damage she had received, and she would be a very good boat, and I might go to sea in her very easily.

I spared no pains, indeed, in this piece of fruitless toil, and spent, I think, three of four weeks about it. At last finding it impossible to heave it up with my little strength, I fell to digging away the sand, to undermine it, and so make it fall down, setting pieces of wood to thrust and guide it right in the fall. But when I had done this, I was unable to stir it up again, or to get under it, much less to move it forward towards the water; so I was forced to give it over. And yet, though I gave over the hopes of the boat, my desire to venture over for the main increased, rather than decreased, as the means for it seemed impossible.

This at length put me upon thinking whether it was not possible to make myself a canoe, or periagua, such as the natives of those climates make, even without tools, or, as I might say, without hands, viz., of the trunk of a great tree. This I not only thought possible but easy, and pleased myself extremely with the thoughts of making it, and with my having much more convenience for it than any of the negroes or Indians; but not at all considering the particular inconveniences which I lay under more than the Indians did, viz., want of hands to move it, when it was made, into the water, a difficulty much harder for me to surmount than all the consequences of want of tools could be to them. For what was it to me, that when I had chosen a vast tree in the woods, I might with much trouble cut it down, if, after I might be able with my tools to hew and dub the outside into the proper shape of a boat, and burn or cut out the inside to make it hollow, so to make a boat of it; if, after this, I must leave it just there where I found it, and was not able to launch it into the water?

One would have thought I could not have had the least reflection upon my mind of my circumstance while I was making this boat, but I should have immediately thought how I should get it into the sea; but my thoughts were so intent upon my voyage over the sea in it, that I never once considered how I should get it off the land; and it was really, in its own nature, more easy for me to guide it over forty-five miles of sea, than about forty-five fathoms of land, where it lay, to set it afloat in the water.

I went to work upon this boat the most like a fool that ever man did who had any of his senses awake. I pleased myself with the design, without determining whether I was ever able to undertake it. Not but that the difficulty of launching my boat came often into my head; but I put a stop to my own inquiries into it, by this foolish answer which I gave myself, "Let ' s first make it; I ' ll warrant I ' ll find some way or other to get it along when ' t is done. "

This was a most preposterous method; but the eagerness of my fancy prevailed, and to work I went. I felled a cedar tree: I questioned much whether Solomon ever had such a one for the building of the Temple at Jerusalem. It was five feet often inches diameter at the lower part next the stump, and four feet eleven inches diameter at the end of twenty-two feet, after which it lessened for awhile, and then parted into branches. It was not without infinite labor that I felled this tree. I was twenty days hacking and hewing at it at the bottom; I was fourteen more getting the branches and limbs, and the vast spreading head of it cut off, which I hacked and hewed through with axe and hatchet, and inexpressible labor. After this, it cost me a month to shape it and dub it to a proportion, and to something like the bottom of a boat, that it might swim upright as it ought to do. It cost me near three months more to clear the inside, and work it so as to make an exact boat of it. This I did, indeed, without fire, by mere mallet and chisel, and by the dint of hard labor, till I had brought it to be a very handsome periagua, and big enough to have carried six and twenty men, and consequently big enough to have carried me and my cargo.

When I had, gone through this work, I was extremely delighted with it. The boat was really much bigger than I ever saw a canoe or periagua, that was made of one tree, in my life. Many a weary stroke it had cost, you may be sure; and there remained nothing but to get it into the water; and.had I gotten it into the water, I made no question but I should have begun the maddest voyage, and the most unlikely to be performed, that ever was undertaken.

But all my devices to get it into the water failed me, they cost me infinite labor, too. It lay about one hundred yards from the water, and not more; but the first inconvenience was, it was uphill towards the creek. Well, to take away this discouragement, I resolved to dig into the surface of the earth, and so make a declivity. This I began, and it cost me a prodigious deal of pains; but who grudges pains, that have their deliverance in view? But when this was worked through, and this difficulty managed, it was still much at one, for I could no more stir the canoe than I could the other boat.

Then measured the distance of ground, and resolved to cut a dock or canal, to bring the water up to the canoe, seeing I could not bring the canoe down to the water. Well, I began this work; and when I began to enter into it, and calculate how deep it was to be dug, how broad, how the stuff to be thrown out, I found that by the number of hands I had, being none but my own, it must have been often or twelve years before should have gone through with it; for the shore lay high, so that at the upper end it must have been at least twenty feet deep; so at length, though with great reluctancy, I gave this attempt over also.

This grieved me heartily; and now I saw, though too late, the folly of beginning a work before we count the cost, and, before we judge rightly of our own strength to go through with it.

In the middle of this work I finished my fourth year in this place, and kept my anniversary with the same devotion, and with as much comfort as ever before; for, by a constant study and serious application of the Word of God, and by the assistance of His grace, I gained a different knowledge from what I had before. I entertained different notions of things. I looked now upon the world as a thing remote, which I had nothing to do with, no expectation from, and, indeed, no desires about. In a word, I had nothing indeed to do with it, nor was ever like to have; so I thought it looked, as we may perhaps look upon it hereafter, viz., as a place I had lived in, but was come out of it; and well might I say, as father Abraham to Dives, " Between me and thee is a great gulf fixed. "

In the first place, I was removed from all the wickedness of the world here. I had neither the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eye, or the pride of life. I had nothing to covet, for I had all that I was now capable of enjoying. I was lord of the whole manor; or, if I pleased, I might call myself king or emperor over the whole country which I had possession of. There were no rivals: I had no competitor, none to dispute sovereignty or command with me. I might have raised ship-loadings of corn, but I had no use for it; so I let as little grow as I thought enough for my occasion. I had tortoise or turtles enough, but now and then one was as much as I could put to any use. I had timber enough to have built a fleet of ships. I had grapes enough to have made wine, or to have cured into raisins, to have loaded that fleet when they had been built.

But all I could make use of was all that was valuable. I had enough to eat and to supply my wants, and what was all the rest to me? If I killed more flesh than I could eat, the dog must eat it, or the vermin. If I sowed more corn than I could eat, it must be spoiled. The trees that I cut down were lying to rot on the ground; I could make no more use of them than for fuel, and that I had no occasion for but to dress my food.

In a word, the nature and experience of things dictated to me, upon just reflection, that all the good things of this world are no farther good to us than they are for our use; and that whatever we may heap up indeed to give others, we enjoy just as much as we can use, and no more. The most covetous griping miser in the world would have been cured of the vice of covetousness, if he had been in my case; for I possessed infinitely more than I knew what to do with. I had no room for desire, except it was of things which I had not, and they were but trifles, through indeed of great use to me. I had, as I hinted before, a parcel of money, as well gold as silver, about thirty-six pounds sterling. Alas! There the nasty, sorry, useless stuff lay; I had no manner of business for it; and I often thought with myself, that I would have given a handful of it for a gross of tobacco-pipes, or for a hand-mill to grind my corn; nay, I would have given it all for sixpenny-worth of turnip and carrot seed out of England, or for a handful of peas and beans, and a bottle of ink. As it was, I had not the least advantage by it, or benefit from it; but there it lay in a drawer, and grew mouldy with the damp of the cave in the wet season; and if I had had the drawer full of diamonds, it had been the same case, and they had been of no manner of value to me because of no use.

I had now brought my state of life to be much easier in itself than it was at first, and much easier to my mind, as well as to my body. I frequently sat down to my meat with thankfulness, and admired the hand of God ' s providence, which had thus spread my table in the wilderness. I learned to look more upon the bright side of my condition, and less upon the dark side, and to consider what I enjoyed, rather than what I wanted; and this gave me sometimes such secret comforts, that I cannot express them; and which I take notice of here, to put those discontented people in mind of it, who cannot enjoy comfortably what God has given them, because they see and covet something that He has not given them. All our discontents about what we want appeared to me to spring from the want of thankfulness for what we have.

Another reflection was of great use to me, and doubtless would be so to any that should fall into such distress as mine was; and this was, to compare my present condition with what I at first expected it should be; nay, with what it would certainly have been, if the good providence of God had not wonderfully ordered the ship to be cast up nearer to the shore; where I not only could come at her, but could bring what I got out of her to the shore, for my relief and comfort; without which I had wanted for tools to work, weapons for defence, or gunpowder and shot for getting my food.

I spent whole hours, I may say whole days, in representing to myself, in the most lively colors, how I must have acted if I had got nothing out of the ship. How I could not have so much as got any food, except fish and turtles; and that as it was long before I found any of them, I must have perished first; that I should have lived, if I had not perished, like a mere savage; that if I had killed a goat or a fowl, by any contrivance, I had no way to flay or open them, or part the flesh from the skin and the bowels, or to cut it up; but must gnaw it with my teeth, and pull it with my claws, like a beast.

These reflections made me very sensible of the goodness of Providence to me, and very thankful for my present condition, with all its hardships and misfortunes; and this part also I cannot but recommend to the reflection of those who are apt, in their misery, to say, Is any affliction like mine? Let them consider how much worse the cases of some people are, and their case might have been, if Providence had thought fit.

I had another reflection, which assisted me also to comfort my mind with hopes; and this was, comparing my present condition with what I had deserved, and had therefore reason to expect from the hand of Providence. I had lived a dreadful life, perfectly destitute of the knowledge and fear of God. I had been well instructed by father and mother; neither had they been wanting to me in their early endeavors to infuse a religious awe of God into my mind, a sense of. my duty, and of what the nature and end of my being required of me. But, alas! falling early into the seafaring life, which, of all the lives, is the most destitute of the fear of God, though His terrors are always before them; I say, falling early into the seafaring life, and into seafaring company, all that little sense of religion which I had entertained was laughed out of me by my messmates; by a hardened despising of dangers, and the views of death, which grew habitual to me; by my long absence from all manner of opportunities to converse with anything but what was like myself, or to hear anything that was good, or tended towards it.

So void was I of everything that was good, or of the least sense of what I was, or was to be, that in the greatest deliverances I enjoyed, such as my escape from Sallee; my being taken up by the Portuguese master of the ship; my being planted so well in the Brazils; my receiving the cargo from England, and the like; I never had once the words " Thank God, " so much as on my mind, or in my mouth; nor in the greatest distress had I so much as thought to pray to Him, or so much as to say, " Lord, have mercy upon me! " no, nor to mention the name of God, unless it was to swear by and blaspheme it.

I had terrible reflections upon my mind for many months, as I have already observed, on the account of my wicked and hardened life past; and when I looked about me and considered what particular providences had attended me since coming into the place, and how God had dealt bountifully with me, had not only punished me less than my iniquity had deserved, but had so plentifully provided for me; this gave me great hopes that my repentance was accepted, and that God had yet mercy in store for me.

With these reflections, I worked my mind up, not only to resignation to the will of God in the present disposition of my circumstances, but even to a sincere thankfulness for my condition; and that I, who was yet a living man, ought not to complain, seeing I had not the due punishment of my sins; that I enjoyed so many mercies, which I had no reason to have expected in that place; that I ought nevermore to repine at my condition, but to rejoice, and to give daily thanks for that daily bread, which nothing but a crowd of wonders could have brought; that I ought to consider I had been fed even by miracle, even as great as that of feeding Elijah by ravens; nay, by a long series of miracles; and that I could hardly have named a place in the unhabitable part of the world where I could have been cast more to my advantage; a place where, as I had no society, which was my affliction on one had, so I found no ravenous beasts, no furious wolves or tigers, to threaten my life; no venomous creatures, or poisonous, which I might feed on to my hurt; no savages to murder and devour me.

In a word, as my life was a life of sorrow one way, so it was a life of mercy another; and I wanted nothing to make it a life of comfort; but to be able to make my sense of God ' s goodness to me, and care over me in this condition, be my daily consolation; and after I did make a just improvement of these things, I went away, and was no more sad.

I had now been here so long that many —things which I brought on shore for my help were either quite gone, or very much wasted, and near spent. My ink, as I observed, had been gone for some time, all but a very little, which I eked out with water, a little and a little, till it was so pale it scarce left any appearance of black upon the paper. As long as it lasted, I made use of it to minute down the days of the month on which any remarkable thing happened to me. And, first, by casting up times past, I remember that there was a strange concurrence of days in the various providences which befell me, and which, if I had been superstitiously inclined to observe days as fatal or fortunate, I might have had reason to have looked upon with a great deal of curiosity.

First, I had observed that the same day that I broke away from my father and my friends, and run away to Hull, in order to go to sea, the same day afterwards I was taken by the Sallee man-of-war, and made a slave.

The same day of the year that I escaped out of the wreck of that ship in Yarmouth Roads, that same day-year afterwards I made my escape from Sallee in the boat.

The same day of the year I was born on viz., the 30th of September, that same day I had my life so miraculously saved twenty-six years after, when I was cast on the shore in this island; so that my wicked life and my solitary life began both on a day.

The next thing to my ink ' s being wasted, was that of my bread; I mean the biscuit, which I brought out of the ship. This I had husbanded to the last degree, allowing myself but one cake of bread a day for above a year; and yet I was quite without bread for near a year before I got any corn of my own; and great reason I had to be thankful that I had any at all, the getting it being, as has been already observed, next to miraculous.

My clothes began to decay, too, mightily. As to linen, I had none a good while, except some checkered shirts which I found in the chests of the other seamen, and which I carefully preserved, because many times I could bear no other clothes on but a shirt; and it was a great great help to me that I had, among all the men ' s clothes of the ship, almost three dozen of shirts. There were also several thick watch-coats of the seamen ' s which were left indeed, but they were too hot to wear; and though it is true that the weather was so violent hot that there was no need of clothes, yet I could not go quite naked, no, though I had been inclined to it, which I was not, nor could abide the thoughts of it, though I was all alone.

The reason why I could not go quite naked was, I could not bear the heat of the sun so well when quite naked as with some clothes on; nay, the very heat frequently blistered my skin; whereas, with a shirt on, the air itself made some motion, and whistling under that shirt, was twofold cooler than without it. No more could I ever bring myself to go out in the heat of the sun without a cap or a hat. The heat of the sun beating with such violence, as it does in that place, would give me the headache presently, by darting so directly on my head, without a cap or hat on, so that I could not bear it; whereas, if I put on my hat, it would presently go away.

Upon those views, I began to consider about putting the few rags I had, which I called clothes, into some order. I had worn out all the waistcoats I had, and my business was not to try if I could not make jackets out of the great watch-coats which I had by me, and with such other materials as I had; so I set to work a-tailoring, or rather, indeed, a-botching, for I made most piteous work of it. However, I made shift to make two or three new waistcoats, which I hoped would serve me a great while. As for breeches or drawers, I made but a very sorry shift indeed till afterward.

I have mentioned that I saved the skins of all the creatures that I killed, I mean four-footed ones, and I had hung them up stretched out with sticks in the sun, by which means some of them were so dry and hard that they were fit for little, but others it seems were very useful. The first thing I made of these was a great cap for my head, with the hair on the outside, to shoot off the rain; and this I performed so well, that after this I made me a suit of clothes wholly of these skins, that is to say, a waistcoat, and breeches open at knees, and both loose, for they were rather wanting to keep me cool than to keep me warm. I must not omit to acknowledge that they were wretchedly made; for if I was a bad carpenter, I was a worse tailor. However, they were such as I made very good shift with; and when I was abroad, if it happened to rain, the hair of my waistcoat and cap being outermost, I was kept very dry.

After this I spent a great deal of time and pains to make me an umbrella. I was indeed in great want of one, and had a great mind to make one. I had seen them made in the Brazils, where they are very useful in the great heats which are there; and I felt the heats every jot as great here, and greater too, being nearer the equinox. Besides, as I was obliged to be much abroad, it was a most useful thing to me, as well for the rains as the heats. I took a world of pains at it, and was a great while before I could make anything likely to hold; nay, after I thought I had hit the way, I spoiled two or three before I made one to my mind; but at last I made one that answered indifferently well. The main difficulty I found was to make it to let down. I could make it to spread; but if it did not let it down too, and draw in, it was not portable for me any way but just over my head, which would not do. However, at last, as I said, I made one to answer, and covered with skins, the hair upwards, so that it cast off the rains like a pent-house, and kept off the sun so effectually that I could walk out in the hottest of the weather with greater advantage than I could before in the coolest; and when I had no need of it, could close it, and carry it under my arm.

Thus I lived mighty comfortably, my mind being entirely composed by resigning to the will of God, and throwing myself wholly upon the disposal of His providence. This made my life better than sociable; for when I began to regret the want of conversation, I would ask myself whether thus conversing mutually with my own thoughts, and, as I hope I may say, with even God Himself, by ejaculations, was not better than the utmost enjoyment of human society in the world?

Chapter 10. TAMES GOATS

I cannot say that after this, for five years, any extraordinary thing happened to me; but I lived on in the same course, in the same posture and place, just as before. The chief things I was employed in, besides my yearly labor of planting my barley and rice, and curing my raisins, of both which I always kept up just enough to have sufficient stock of one year ' s provisions beforehand --I say, besides this yearly labor, and my daily labor of going out with my gun, I had one labor, to make me a canoe, which at last I finished; so that by digging a canal to it of six feet wide, and four feet deep, I brought it into the creek, almost half a mile. As for the first, which was so vastly big, as I made it without considering beforehand, as I ought to do, how I should be able to launch it; so, never being able to bring it to the water, or bring the water to it, I was obliged to let it lie where it was, as a memorandum to teach me to be wiser next time. Indeed, the next time, though I could not get a tree proper for it, and in a place where I could not get the water to it at any less distance than, as I have said, near half a mile, yet as I saw it was at last, I never gave it over; and though I was near two years about it, yet I never grudged my labor, in hopes of having a boat to go off to sea at last.

However, though my little periagua was finished, yet the size of it was not at all answerable to the design which I had in view when I made the first; I mean, of venturing over to the terra firma, where it was above forty miles broad. Accordingly, the smallness of my boat assisted to put an end to that design, and now I thought no more of it. But as I had a boat, my next design was to make a tour round the island; for as I had been on the other side in one place, crossing, as I have already described it, over the land, so the discoveries I made in that little journey made me very eager to see other parts of the coast; and now I had a boat, I thought of nothing but sailing round the island.

For this purpose, that I might do everything with discretion and consideration, I fitted up a little mast to my boat, and made a sail to it out of some of the pieces of the ship ' s sail, which lay in store, and of which I had a great stock by me.

Having fitted my mast and sail, and tried the boat, I found she would sail very well. Then I made little lockers, or boxes, at either end of my boat, to put provisions, necessaries, and ammunition, etc., into, to be kept dry, either from rain or the spray of the sea; and a little long hollow place I cut in the inside of the boat, where I could lay my gun, making a flap to hang down over it to keep it dry.

I fixed my umbrella also in a step at the stern, like a mast, to stand over my head, and keep the heat of the sun off of me, like an awning; and thus I every now and then took a little voyage upon the sea, but never went far out, nor far from the little creek. But at last, being eager to view the circumference of my little kingdom, I resolved upon my tour; and accordingly I victualled my ship for the voyage, putting in two dozen of my loaves (cakes I should rather call them) of barley bread, an earthen pot full of parched rice, a food I eat a great deal of, a little bottle of rum, half a goat, and powder and shot for killing more, and two large watch-coats, of those which, as I mentioned before, I had saved out of the seamen ' s chests; these I took, one to lie upon, and the other to cover me in the night.

It was the 6th of November, in the sixth year of my reign, or my captivity, which you please, that I set out on this voyage, and I found it much longer than I expected; for though the island itself was not very large, yet when I came to the east side of it I found a great ledge of rocks lie out above two leagues into the sea, some above water, some under it, and beyond that a shoal of sand, lying dry half a league more; so that I was obliged to go a great way out to sea to double the point.

When first I discovered them, I was going to give over my enterprise, and come back again, not knowing how far it might oblige me to go out to sea, and, above all, doubting how I should get back again, so I came to an anchor; for I had made me a kind of an anchor with a piece of broken grappling which I got out of the ship.

Having secured my boat, I took my gun and went on shore, climbing up upon a hill, which seemed to overlook that point, where I saw the full extent of it, and resolved to venture.

In my viewing the sea from that hill, where I stood, I perceived a strong, and indeed a most furious current, which run to the east, and even came close to the point; and I took the more notice of because I saw there might be some danger that when I came into it I might be carried out to sea by the strength of it, and not be able to make the island again. And indeed, had I not gotten first up upon this hill, I believe it would have been so; for there was the same current on the other side of the island, only that it set off at a farther distance; and I saw there was a strong eddy under the shore; so I had nothing to do but to get in out of the first current, and I should presently be in an eddy.

I lay here, however, two days; because the wind, blowing pretty fresh at ESE., and that being just contrary to the said current, made a great breach of the sea upon the point; so that it was not safe for me to keep too close to the shore for the breach, nor to go too far off because of the stream.

The third day, in the morning, the wind having abated over-night, the sea was calm, and I ventured. But I am a warning piece again to all rash and ignorant pilots; for no sooner was I come to the point, when even I was not my boat ' s length from the shore, but I found myself in a great depth of water, and a current like the sluice of a mill. It carried my boat along with it with such violence, that all I could do could not keep her so much as on the edge of it, but I found it hurried me farther and farther out from the eddy, which was on my left hand. There was no wind stirring to help me, and all I could do with my paddlers signified nothing. And now I began to give myself over for lost; for, as the current was on both sides the island, I knew in a few leagues distance they must join again, and then I was irrecoverably gone. Nor did I see any possibility of avoiding it; so that I had no prospect before me but of perishing; not by the sea, for that was calm enough, but of starving for hunger. I had indeed found a tortoise on the shore, as big almost as I could lift, and had tossed it into the boat; and I had a great jar of fresh water, that is to say, one of my earthen pots; but what was all this to being driven into the vast ocean, where, to be sure, there was no shore, no mainland or island, for a thousand leagues at least.

And now I saw how easy it was for the providence of God to make the most miserable condition mankind could be in worse. Now I looked back upon my desolate solitary island as the most pleasant place in the world, and all the happiness my heart could wish for was to be but there again. I stretched out my hands to it, with eager wishes. " O happy desert! "said I, " I shall never see thee more. O miserable creature, " said I, " whither am I going? " Then I reproached myself with my unthankful temper, and how I had repined at my solitary condition; and now what would I give to be on shore there again. Thus we never see the true state of our condition till it is illustrated to us by its contraries; nor know how to value what we enjoy, but by the want of it. It is scarce possible to imagine the consternation I was now in, being driven from my beloved island (for so it appeared to me now to be) into the wide ocean, almost two leagues, and in the utmost despair of ever recovering it again. However, I worked hard, till indeed my strength was almost exhausted, and kept my boat as much to the northward, that is, towards the side of the current which the eddy lay on, as possibly I could; when about noon, as the sun passed the meridian, I thought I felt a little breeze of wind in my face, springing up from the SSE. This cheered my heart a little, and especially when, in about an hour more, it blew a pretty small gentle gale. By this time I was gotten at a frightful distance from the island; and had the least cloud or hazy weather intervened, I had been undone another way too; for I had no compass on board, and should never have known how to have steered towards the island if I had but once lost sight of it. But the weather continuing clear, I applied myself to get up my mast again, and spread my sail, standing away to the north as much as possible, to get out of the current.

Just as I had set my mast and sail, and the boat began to stretch away, I saw even by clearness of the water some alteration of the current was near; for where the current was so strong, the water was foul. But perceiving the water clear, I found the current abate, and presently I found to the east, at about half a mile, a breach of the sea upon some rocks. These rocks I found caused the current to part again; and as the main stress of it ran away more southerly, leaving the rocks to the north-east, so the other returned by the repulse of the rocks, and made a strong eddy, which ran back again to the north-west with a very sharp stream.

They who know what it is to have a reprieve brought to them upon the ladder, or to be rescued from thieves just going to murder them, or who have been in such like extremities, may guess what my present surprise of joy was, and how gladly I put my boat into the stream of this eddy; and the wind also freshening, how gladly I spread my sail to it, running cheerfully before the wind, and with a strong tide or eddy under foot.

This eddy carried me about a league in my way back again, directly towards the island, but about two leagues more to the northward than the current which carried me away at first; so that when I came near the island, I found myself open to the northern shore of it, that is to say, the other end of the island, opposite to that which I went out from.

When I had made something more than a league of way by the help of this current or eddy, I found it was spent, and served me no farther. However, I found that being between the two great currents, viz., that on the south side, which had hurried me away, and that on the north, which lay about a league on the other side; I say, between these two, in the wake of the island, I found the water at least still, and running no way; and having still a breeze of wind fair for me, I kept on steering directly for the island, though not making such fresh way as I did before.

About four o ' clock in the evening, being then within about a league of the island, I found the point of the rocks which occasioned this disaster stretching out, as is described before, to the southward, and casting off the current more southwardly had, of course, made another eddy to the north, and this I found very strong, but not directly setting the way my course lay, which was due west, but almost full north. However, having a fresh gale, I stretched across this eddy, slanting north-west; and in about an hour came within about a mile of the shore, where, it being smooth water, I soon got to land.

When I was on shore, I fell on my knees, and gave God thanks for my deliverance, resolving to lay aside all thoughts of my deliverance by my boat; and refreshing myself with such things as I had, I brought my boat close to the shore, in a little cove that I had spied under some trees, and laid me down to sleep, being quite spent with the labor and fatigue of the voyage.

I was now at a great loss which way to get home with my coat. I had run so much hazard, and knew too much the case, to think of attempting it by the way I went out; and what might be at the other side (I mean the west side) I knew not, nor had I any mind to run any more ventures. So I only resolved in the morning to make my way westward along the shore, and to see if there was no creek where I might lay up my frigate in safety, so as to have her again if I wanted her. In about three miles, or thereabouts, coasting the shore, I came to a very good inlet or bay, about a mile over, which narrowed till it came to a very little rivulet or brook, where I found a very convenient harbor for my boat, and where she lay as if she had been in a little dock made on purpose her. Here I put in, and having stowed my boat very safe, I went on shore to look about me, and see where I was.

I soon found I had but a little passed by the place where I had been before, when I travelled on foot to that shore; so taking nothing out of my boat but my gun and my umbrella, for it was exceedingly hot, I began my march. The way it was comfortable enough after such a voyage as I had been upon, and I reach my old bower in the evening, where I found everything standing as I left it; for I always kept it in good order, being, as I said before, my country-house.

I got over the fence, and laid me down in the shade to rest my limbs, for I was very weary, and fell asleep. But judge you, if you can, that read my story, what a surprise I must be in, when I was waked out of my sleep by a voice calling me by my name several times, " Robin, Robin, Robin Crusoe, poor Robin Crusoe! Where are you, Robin Crusoe? Where are you? Where have you been? "

I was so dead asleep at first, being fatigued with rowing, or paddling, as it is called, the first part of the day, and with walking the latter part, that I did not wake thoroughly; but dozing between sleeping and waking, thought I dreamed that somebody spoke to me. But as the voice continued to repeat, " Robin Crusoe, Robin Crusoe, " at last I began to wake more perfectly, and was at first dreadfully frighted, and started up in the utmost consternation. But no sooner were my eyes open, but I saw my Poll sitting on the top of the hedge, and immediately knew that it was he that spoke to me; for just in such bemoaning language I had used to talk to him, and teach him; and he had learned it so perfectIy, that he would sit upon my finger, and lay his bill close to my face, and cry, " Poor Robin. Crusoe! Where are you? Where have you been? How come you here? " and such things as I had taught him.

However, even though I knew it was the parrot, and that indeed it could be nobody else, it was a good while before I could compose myself. First I was amazed how the creature got thither, and then, how he should just keep about the place, and nowhere else. But as I was well satisfied it could be nobody but honest Poll, I got it over; and holding out my hand, and calling him by name, Poll, the sociable creature came to me, and sat upon my thumb, as he used to do, and continued talking to me, " Poor Robin Crusoe! and how did I come here? and where had I been? " just as if he had been overjoyed to see me again; and so I carried him home along with me.

I had now had enough of rambling to sea for some time, and had enough to do for many days to sit still and reflect upon the danger I had been in. I would have been very glad to have had my boat again on my side of the island; but I knew not how it was practicable to get it about. As to the east side of the island, which I had gone round, I knew well enough there was no venturing that way; my very heart would shrink and my very blood run chill, but to think of it. And as to the other side of the island, I did not know how it might be there; but supposing the current ran with the same force against the shore at the east as it passed by it on the other, I might run the same risks of being driven down the stream, and carried by the island, as I had been before of being carried away from it. So, with these thoughts, I contented myself to be without any boat, though it had been the product of so many months ' labor to make it, and of so many more to get it into the sea.

In this government of my temper I remained near a year, lived a very sedate, retired life, as you may well suppose; and my thoughts being very much composed as to my condition, and fully comforted in resigning myself to the dispositions of Providence, I thought I lived really very happily in all things, except that of society.

I improved myself in this time in all the mechanic exercises which my necessities put me upon applying myself to, and I believe could, upon occasion, make a very good carpenter, especially considering how few tools I had. Besides this, I arrived at an unexpected perfection in my earthenware, and contrived well enough to make them with a wheel, which I found infinitely easier and better, because I made things round and shapable which before were filthy things indeed to look on. But I think I was never more vain of my own performance, or more joyful for anything I found out, than for my being able to make a tobacco-pipe. And though it was a very ugly, clumsy thing when it was done, and only burnt red, like other earthenware, yet as it was hard and firm, and would draw the smoke, I was exceedingly comforted with it; for I had been always used to smoke, and there were pipes in the ship, but I forgot them at first, not knowing that there was tobacco in the island; and afterwards, when I searched the ship again, I could not come at any pipes at all.

In my wickerware also I improved much, and made abundance of necessary baskets, as well as my invention showed me; though not very handsome, yet they were such as were very handy and convenient for my laying things up in, or fetching things home in. For example, if I killed a goat abroad, I could hang it up in a tree, flay it, and dress it, and cut it in pieces, and bring it home in a basket; and the like by a turtle; I could cut it up, take out the eggs, and a piece or two of the flesh, which was enough for me, and bring them home in a basket, and leave the rest behind me. Also, large deep baskets were my receivers for my corn, which I always rubbed out as soon as it was dry, and cured, and kept it in great baskets.

I began now to perceive my powder abated considerably, and this was a want which it was impossible for me to supply, and I began seriously to consider what I must do when I should have no more powder; that is to say, how I should do to kill any goats. I had, as it observed, in the third year of my being here, kept a young kid, and bred her up tame, and I was in hope of getting a he-goat. But I could not by any means bring it to pass, till my kid grew an old goat; and I could never find it in my heart to kill her, till she dies at last of mere age.

But being now in the eleventh year of my residence, and, as I have said, my ammunition growing low, I set myself to study some art to trap and snare the goats, to see whether I could not catch some of them alive; and particularly, I wanted a she-goat great with young.

To this purpose, I made snares to hamper them, and I do believe they were more than once taken in them: but my tackle was not good, for I had no wire, and I always found them broken, and my bait devoured. At length I resolved to try a pitfall; so I dug several large pits in the earth, in places where I had observed the goats used to feed, and over these pits I placed hurdles, of my own making too, with a great weight upon them; and several times I put ears of barley and dry rice, without setting the trap, and I could easily perceive that the goats had gone in and eaten up the corn, for I could see the mark of their feet. At length I set three traps in one night, and going the next morning, I found them all standing, and yet the bait eaten and gone; this was very discouraging. However, I altered my trap; and, not to trouble you with particulars, going one morning to see my trap, I found in one of them a large old he-goat, and in one of the other three kids, a male and two females.

As to the old one, I knew not what to do with him, he was so fierce I durst not go into the pit to him; that is to say, to go about to bring him away alive, which was what I wanted. I could have killed him, but that was not my business, nor would it answer my end; so I even let him out, and he ran away, as if he had been frighted out of his wits. But I had forgot then what I learned afterwards, that hunger will tame a lion. If I had let him stay there three or four days without food, and then have carried him some water to drink, and then a little corn, he would have been as tame as one of the kids, for they are mighty sagacious, tractable creatures where they are well used.

However, for the present I let him go, knowing no better at that time. Then I went to the three kids, and taking them one by one, I tied them with strings together, and with some difficulty brought them all home.

It was a good while before they would feed, but throwing them some sweet corn, it tempted them, and they began to be tame. And now I found that if I expected to supply myself with goat-flesh when I had no powder or shot left, breeding some up tame was my only way, when perhaps I might have them about my house like a flock of sheep.

But then it presently occurred to me that I must keep the tame from the wild, or else they would always run wild when they grew up; and the only way for this was to have some enclosed piece of ground, well fenced either with hedge or pale, to keep them in so effectually that those within might not break out, or those without break in.

This was a great undertaking for one pair of hands; yet as I saw there was an absolute necessity of doing it, my first piece of work was to find out a proper piece of ground, viz., where there was likely to be herbage for them to eat, water for them to drink, and cover to keep them from the sun.

Those who understand such enclosures will think I had very little contrivance when I pitched upon a place very proper for all these, being a plain open piece of meadow land, or savanna (as our people call it in the western colonies), which had two or three little drills of fresh water in it, and at one end was very woody; I say, they will smile at my forecast, when I shall tell them I began my enclosing of this piece of ground in such a manner, that my hedge or pale must have been at least two miles about. Nor was the madness of it so great as to the compass, for if it was often miles about, I was like to have time enough to do it in. But I did not consider that my goats would be as wild in so much compass as if they had had the whole island and I should have so much room to chase them in that I should never catch them.

My hedge was begun and carried on, I believe, about fifty yards, when this thought occurred to me, so I presently stopped short, and, for the first beginning, I resolved to enclose a piece of about 150 yards in length, and 100 yards in breadth; which, as it would maintain as many as should have in any reasonable time, so, as my flock increased, I could add more ground to my enclosure.

This was acting with some prudence, and I went to work with courage. I was about three months hedging in the first piece, and, till I had done it, I tethered the three kids in the best part of it, and used them to feed as near me as possible, to make them familiar; and very often I would go and carry them some ears of barley, or a handful of rice, and feed them out of my hand; so that after my enclosure was finished, and I let them loose, they would follow me up and down, bleating after me for a handful of corn.

This answered my end, and in about a year and a half I had a flock of about twelve goats, kids and all; and in two years more I had three and forty, besides several that I took and killed for my food. And after that I enclosed five several pieces of ground to feed them in, and with little pens to drive them into, to take them as I wanted, and gates out of one piece of ground into another.

But this was not all, for now I not only had goat ' s flesh to feed on when I pleased, but milk, too, a thing which, indeed, in my beginning, I did not so much as think of, and which, when it came into my thoughts, was really an agreeable surprise. For now I set up my dairy, and had sometimes a gallon or two of milk in a day; and as Nature, who gives supplies of food to every creature, dictates even naturally how to make use of it, so I, that had never milked a cow, much less a goat, or seen butter or cheese made, very readily and handily, though after a great many essays and miscarriages, made me both butter and cheese last, and never wanted it afterwards.

How mercifully can our great Creator treat His creatures, even in those conditions in which they seemed to be overwhelmed in destruction! How can He sweeten the bitterest providences, and give us cause to praise Him for dungeons and prisons! What a table was here spread for me in a wilderness, where I saw nothing at first but to perish for hunger!

Chapter 11. FINDS PRINT OF MAN' S FOOT ON THE SAND

It would have made a stoic smile, to have seen me and my little family sit down to dinner. There was my majesty, the prince and lord of the whole island; I had the lives of all my subjects at my absolute command. I could hang, draw, give liberty, and take it away; and no rebels among all my subjects.

Then to see how like a king I dined, too, all alone, attended by my servants. Poll, as if he had been my favorite, was the only person permitted to talk to me. My dog, who was now grown very old and crazy, and had found no species to multiply his kind upon, sat always at my right hand, and two cats, one on one side and table, and one on the other, expecting now and then a bit form my hand, as a mark of special favor.

But these were not the two cats which I brought on shore at first, for they were both of them dead, and had been interred near my habitation, by my own hand. But one of them having multiplied by I know not what kind of creature, these were two which I had preserved tame, whereas the rest run wild in the woods, and became indeed troublesome to me at last; for they would often come into my house, and plunder me too, till at last I was obliged to shoot them, and did kill a great many; at length they left me. With this attendance, and in this plentiful manner, I lived; neither could I be said to want anything but society; and of that in some time after this, I was like to have too much.

I was something impatient, as I have observed, to have the use of my boat, though very loth to run any more hazards; and therefore sometimes I sat contriving ways to get her about the island, which I drew together with two thongs of the same, instead of buckles; and in a kind of a frog on either side of this, instead of a sword and a dagger, hung a little saw and a hatchet, one on one side, one on the other. I had another belt, not so broad, and fastened in the same manner, which hung over my shoulder; and at the end of it, under my left arm, hung two pouches, both made of goat ' s skin, too; in one of which hung my powder, in the other my shot. At my back I carried my basket, on my shoulder my gun, and over my head a. great clumsy ugly goat-skin umbrella, but which, after all, was the most necessary thing I had about me, next to my gun. As for my face, the color of it was really not so mulatto-like as one might expect from a man not at all careful of it, and living within nineteen degrees of the equinox. My beard I had once suffered to grow till it was about a quarter of a yard long; but as I had both scissors and razors sufficient, I had cut it pretty short, except what grew on my upper lip, which I had trimmed into a large pair of Mahometan whiskers, such as I had seen worn by some Turks whom I saw at Sallee; for the Moors did not wear such, though the Turks did. Of these mustachios or whiskers I will not say they were long enough to hang my hat upon them, but they were of a length and shape monstrous enough, and such as, in England, would have passed for frightful.

But all this is by-the-bye; for, as to my figure, I had so few to observe me, that it was of no manner of consequence; so I say no more to that part. In this kind of figure I went my new journey, and was out five or six days. I travelled first along the sea-shore, directly to the place where I first brought my boat to an anchor, to get upon the rocks. And having no boat flow to take care of, I went over the land, a nearer way, to the same height that I was upon before; when, looking forward to the point of the rocks which lay out, and which I was obliged to double with my boat, as is said above, I was surprised to see the sea all smooth and quiet, no rippling, no motion, no current, any more there than in any other places.

I was at a strange loss to understand this, and resolved to spend some time in the observing it, to see if nothing from the sets of the tide had occasioned it. But I was presently convinced how it was, viz., that the tide of ebb setting from the west, and joining with the current of waters from some great river on the shore, must be the occasion of this current; and that according as the wind blew more forcibly from the west, or from the north, this current came near, or went farther from the shore; for waiting thereabouts till evening, I went up to the rock again, and then the tide of ebb being made, I plainly saw the current again as before, only that it run farther off, being near half a league from the shore; whereas in my case it set close upon the shore, and hurried me and my canoe along with it, which, at another time, it would not have done.

This observation convinced me that I had nothing to do but to observe the ebbing and the flowing of the tide, and I might very easily bring my boat about the island again. But when I began to think of putting it in practice, I had such a terror upon my spirits at the remembrance of the danger I had been in, that I could not think of it again with any patience; but, on the contrary, I took up another resolution, which was more safe, though more laborious; and this was, that I would build, or rather make me another periagua or canoe; and so have one for one side of the island, and one for the other.

You are to understand that now I had, as I may call it, two plantations in the island; one, my little fortification or tent, with the wall about it, under the rock, with the cave behind me, which, by this time, I had enlarged into several apartments or caves, one within another. One of these, which was the driest and largest, and had a door out beyond my wall or fortification, that is to say, beyond where my wall joined to the rock, was all filled up with the large earthen pots, of which I have given an account, and with fourteen or fifteen great baskets, which would hold five or six bushels each, where I laid up my stores of provision, especially my corn, some in the ear, cut off short from the straw, and the other rubbed out with my hand.

As for my wall, made, as before, with long stakes or piles, those piles grew all like trees, and were by this time grown so big, and spread so very much, that there was not the least appearance, to any one ' s view, of any habitation behind them.

Near this dwelling of mine, but a little farther within the land, and upon lower ground, lay my two pieces of corn ground, which I kept duly cultivated and sowed, and which duly yielded me their harvest in its season; and whenever I had occasion for more corn, I had more land adjoining as fit as that.

Besides this, I had my country seat, and I had now a tolerable plantation there also; for, first, I had my little bower, as I called it, which I kept in repair; that is to say, I kept the hedge which circled it in constantly fitted up to its usual height, the ladder standing always in the inside. I kept the trees, which at first were no more than my stakes, but were now grown very firm and tall, I kept them always so cut, that they might spread and grow thick and wild, and make the more agreeable shade, which they did effectually to my mind. In the middle of this, I had my tent always standing, being a piece of a sail spread over poles, set up for that purpose, and which never wanted any repair or renewing; and under this I had made me a squab or couch, with the skins of the creatures I had killed, and with other soft things, and a blanket laid on them, such as belonged to our sea-bedding, which I had saved, and a great watch-coat to cover me; and here, whenever I had occasion to be absent from my chief seat, I took up my country habitation.

Adjoining to this I had my enclosure for my cattle, that is to say, my goats. And as I had taken an inconceivable deal of pains to fence and enclose this ground, so I was uneasy to see it kept entire, less the goats should break through, that I never left off till, with infinite labor, I had struck the outside of the hedge so full of small stakes, and so near to one another, that it was rather a pale than a hedge, and there was scarce room to put a hand through them; which afterwards, when those stakes grew, as they all did in the next rainy season, made the enclosure strong like a wall, indeed, stronger than any wall.

This will testify for me that I was not idle, and that I spared no pains to bring to pass whatever appeared necessary for my comfortable support; for I considered the keeping up a breed of tame creatures thus at my hand would be a living magazine of flesh, milk, butter, and cheese for me as long as I lived in the place, if it were to be forty years; and that keeping them in my reach depended entirely upon my perfecting my enclosures to such a degree that I might be sure of keeping them together; which, by this method, indeed, I so effectually secured that when these little stakes began to grow, I had planted them so very thick I was forced to pull some of them up again.

In this place also I had my grapes growing, which I principally depended on for my winter store of raisins, and which I never failed to preserve very carefully, as the best and most agreeable dainty of my whole diet. And indeed they were not agreeable only, but physical, wholesome, nourishing, and refreshing to the last degree.

As this was also about half-way between my other habitation and the place where I had laid up my boat, I generally stayed and lay here in my way thither; for I used frequently to visit my boat, and I kept all things about, or belonging to her, in very good order. Sometimes I went out in her to divert myself, but no more hazardous voyages would I go, nor scarce ever above a stone ' s cast or two from the shore, I was so apprehensive of being hurried out of my knowledge again by the currents or winds, or any other accident. But now I come to a new scene of my life.

It happened one day, about noon, going towards my boat, I was exceedingly surprised with the print of a man ' s naked foot on the shore, which was very plain to be seen in the sand. I stood like one thunder-struck, or as if I had seen an apparition. I listened, I looked round me, I could hear nothing, nor see anything. I went up to a rising ground, to look farther. I went up the shore, and down the shore, but it was all one; I could see no other impression but that one, I went to it again to see if there were any more, and to observe if it might not be my fancy; but there was no room for that, for there was exactly the very print of a foot --toes, heel, and every part of a foot. How it came thither I knew not, nor could in the least imagine. But after innumerable fluttering thoughts, like a man perfectly confused and out of myself, I came home to my fortification, not feeling, as we say, the ground I went on, but terrified to the last degree, looking behind me at every two or three steps, mistaking every bush and tree, and fancying every stump at a distance to be a man; nor is it possible to describe how many various shapes affrighted imagination represented things to me in, how many wild ideas were found every moment in my fancy, and what strange unaccountable whimsies came into my thoughts by the way.

When I came to my castle, for so I think I called it ever after this, I fled into it like one pursued. Whether I went over by the ladder, as first contrived, or went in at the hole in the rock, which I called a door, I cannot remember; no, nor could I remember the next morning, for never frighted hare fled to cover, or fox to earth, with more terror of mind than I to this retreat.

I slept none that night. The farther I was from the occasion of my fright, the greater my apprehensions were; which is something contrary to the nature of such things, and especially to the usual practice of all creatures in fear. But I was so embarrassed with my own frightful ideas of the thing, that I formed nothing but dismal imaginations to myself, even though I was now a great way off it. Sometimes I fancied it must be the devil, and reason joined in with me upon this supposition; for how should any other thing in human shape come into the place? Where was the vessel that brought them? What was there of any other footsteps? And how was it possible a man should come there? But then to think that Satan should take human shape upon him in such a place, where there could be no manner of occasion for it, but to leave the print of his foot behind him, that even for no purpose too, for he could not be sure I should see it; this was an amusement the other way. I considered that the devil might have found out abundance of other ways to have terrified me than this of the single print of a foot; that as I lived quite on the other side of the island, he would never have been so simple to leave a mark in a place where it was often thousand to one whether I should ever see it or not, and in the sand, too, which the first surge of the sea, upon a high wind, would have defaced entirely. All this seemed inconsistent with the thing itself, and with all the notions we usually entertain of the subtilty of the devil.

Abundance of such things as these assisted to argue me out of all apprehensions of its being the devil; and I presently concluded then, that it must be some more dangerous creature, viz., that it must be some of the savages of the mainland over against me, who had wandered out to sea in their canoes, and, either driven by the currents or by contrary winds, had made the island, and had been on shore, but were gone away again to sea, being as loth, perhaps, to have stayed in this desolate island as I would have been to have had them.

While these reflections were rolling upon my mind, I was very thankful in my thoughts that I was so happy as not to be thereabouts at that time, or that they did not see my boat, by which they would have concluded that some inhabitants had been in the place, and perhaps have searched farther for me. Then terrible thoughts racked my imagination about their having found my boat, and that there were people here; and that if so, I should certainly have them come again in greater numbers, and devour me; that if it should happen so that they should not find me, yet they would find my enclosure, destroy all my corn, carry away all my flock of tame goats, and I should perish at last for mere want.

Thus my fear banished all my religious hope. All that former confidence in God, which was founded upon such wonderful experience as I had had of His goodness, now vanished, as if He that had fed me by miracle hitherto could not preserve, by His power, the provision which He had made for me by His goodness. I reproached myself with my easiness, that would not sow any more corn one year than would just serve me till the next season, as if no accident could intervene to prevent my enjoying the crop that was upon the ground. And this I thought so just a reproof that I resolved for the future to have two or three years ' corn beforehand, so that, whatever might come, I might not perish for want of bread.

How strange a checker-work of Providenceis the life of man! and by what secret differing springs are the affections hurried about as differing circumstances present! To-day we love what to-morrow we hate; to-day we seek what to-morrow we shun; to-day we desire what tomorrow we fear; nay, even tremble at the apprehensions of. This was exemplified in me at this time, in the most lively manner imaginable; for I, whose only affliction was that I seemed banished from Human society, that I was alone, circumscribed by the boundless ocean, cut off from mankind, and condemned to what I called silent life; that I was as one whom Heaven thought not worthy to be numbered among the living, or to appear among the rest of His creatures; that to have seen one of my own species would have seemed to me a raising me from death to life, and the greatest blessing that Heaven itself, next to the supreme blessing of salvation, could bestow; I say, that I should now tremble at the very apprehensions of seeing a man, and was ready to sink into the ground at but the shadow or silent appearance of a man ' s having set his foot in the island!

Such is the uneven state of human life; and it afforded me a great many curious speculations afterwards, when I had a little recovered my first surprise. I considered that this was the station of life the infinitely wise and good providence of God had determined for me; that, as I could not forsee what the ends of Divine wisdom might be in all this, so I was not to dispute His sovereignty, who, as I was His creature, had an undoubted right, by creation, to govern and dispose of me absolutely as He thought fit, and who, as I was a creature who had offended Him, had likewise a judicial right to condemn me to what punishment He thought fit; and that it was my part to submit to bear His indignation, because I had sinned against Him.

I then reflected that God, who was not only righteous, but omnipotent, as He had thought fit thus to punish and afflict me, so He was able to deliver me; that if He did not think fit to do it, It was my unquestioned duty to resign myself absolutely and entirely to His will; and, on the other hand, it was my duty also to hope in Him, pray to Him, and quietly to attend the dictates and directions of His daily providence.

These thoughts took me up many hours, days, nay, I may say, weeks and months; and one particular effect of my cogitations of this occasion I cannot omit, viz., one morning early, lying in my bed, and filled with thought about my danger from the appearance of savages, I found it discomposed me very much; upon which those words of the Scripture came into my thoughts, " Call upon Me in the day of trouble, and I will deliver, and thou shalt glorify Me. "

Upon this, rising cheerfully out of my bed, my heart was not only comforted, but I was guided and encouraged to pray earnestly to God for deliverance. When I had done praying, I took up my Bible, and opening it to read, the first words that presented to me were, " Wait on the Lord, and be of good cheer, and He shall strengthen thy heart; wait, I say, on the Lord. " It is impossible to express the comfort this gave me. In answer, I thankfully laid down the book, and was no more sad, at least, not on that occasion.

In the middle of these cogitations, apprehensions, and reflections, it came into my thought one day, that all this might be a mere chimera of my own; and that this foot might be the print of my own foot, when I came on shore from my boat. This cheered me up a little too, and I began to persuade myself it was all a delusion, that it was nothing else but my own foot; and why might not I come that way from the boat, as well as I was going that way to the boat? Again, I considered also, that I could by no means tell, for certain, where I had trod, and where I had not; and that if, at last, this was only the print of my own foot, I had played the part of these fools who strive to make stories of spectre and apparitions, and then are frighted at them more than anybody.

Now I began to take courage, and to peep abroad again, for I had not stirred out of my castle for three days and nights, so that I began to starve for provision; for I had little or nothing within doors but some barley-cakes and water. Then I knew that my goats wanted to be milked too, which usually was my evening diversion; and the poor creatures were in great pain and inconvenience for want of it; and, indeed, it almost spoiled some of them, and almost dried up their milk.

Heartening myself, therefore, with the belief that this was nothing but the print of one of my own feet, and so I might be truly said to start at my own shadow, I began to go abroad again, and went to my country-house to milk my flock. But to see with what fear I went forward, how often I looked behind me, how I was ready, every now and then, to lay down my basket, and run for my life, it would have made any one have thought I was haunted with an evil conscience, or that I had been lately most terribly frighted; and so, indeed, I had.

However, as I went down thus two or three days, and having seen nothing, I began to be a little bolder, and to think there was really nothing in it but my own imagination. But I could not persuade myself fully of this till I should go down to the shore again, and see this print of a foot, and measure it by my own, and see if there was any similitude or fitness, that I might be assured it was my own foot. But when I came to the place, first, it appeared evidently to me, that when I laid up my boat, I could not possibly be on shore anywhere thereabout; secondly, when I came to measure the mark with my own foot, I found my foot not so large by a great deal. Both these things filled my head with new imaginations, and gave me the vapors again to the highest degree; so that I shook with cold, like one in an ague; and I went home again, filled with the belief that some man or men had been on shore there; for, in short, that the island was inhabited, and I might be surprised before I was aware. And what course to take for my security, I knew not.

Oh, what ridiculous resolution men take when possessed with fear! It deprives them of the use of those means which reason offers for their relief. The first thing I proposed to myself was to throw down my enclosures, and turn all my tame cattle wild into the woods, that the enemy might not find them, and then frequent the island in prospect of the same or the like booty; then to the simple thing of digging up my two cornfields, that they might not find such a grain there, and still be prompted to frequent the island then to demolish my bower and tent, that they might not see any vestiges of habitation, and be prompted to look farther, in order to find out the persons inhabiting.

These were the subject of the first night ' s cogitation, after I was come home again, while the apprehensions which had so overrun my mind were fresh upon me, and my head was full of vapors, as above. Thus fear of danger is often thousand times more terrifying than danger itself when apparent to the eyes; and we find the burden of anxiety greater, by much, than the evil which we are anxious about; and, which was worse than all this, I had not that relief in this trouble from the resignation I used to practice, that I hoped to have. I looked, I thought, like Saul, who complained not only that the Philistines were upon him, but that God had forsaken him; for I did not now take due ways to compose my mind, by crying to God in my distress, and resting upon His providence, as I had done before, for my defence and deliverance; which, if I had done, I had at least been more cheerfully supported under this new surprise, and perhaps carried through it with more resolution.

This confusion of my thoughts kept me waking all night, but in the morning I fell asleep; and having, by the amusement of my mind, been, as it were, tired, and my spirits exhausted, I slept very soundly, and waked much better composed than I had ever been before. And now I began to think sedately; and upon the utmost debate with myself, I concluded that this island, which was so exceeding pleasant, fruitful, and no farther from the mainland than as I had seen, was not so entirely abandoned as I might imagine; that although there were no stated inhabitants who lived on the spot, yet that there might sometimes come boats off from the shore, who, either with design, or perhaps never but when they were driven by cross-winds, might come to this place; that I had lived here fifteen years now, and had not met with the least shadow or figure of any people yet; and that if at any time they should be driven here, it was probable they went away again as soon as ever they could, seeing they had never thought fit to fix there upon any occasion to this time; that the most I could suggest any danger from, was from any such casual accidental landing of straggling people from the main, who, as it was likely, if they were driven hither, were here against their wills; so they made no stay here, but went off again with all possible speed, seldom staying one night on shore, lest they should not have the help of the tides and daylight back again; and that, therefore, I had nothing to do but to consider of some safe retreat, in case I should see any savages land upon the spot.

Now I began sorely to repent that I had dug my cave so large as to bring a door through again, which door, as I said, came out beyond where my fortification joined to the rock. Upon maturely considering this, therefore, I resolved to draw me a second fortification, in the same manner of a semicircle, at a distance from my wall, just where I had planted a double row of trees about twelve years before, of which I made mention. These trees having been planted so thick before, they wanted but a few piles to be driven between them, that they should be thicker and stronger, and my wall would be soon finished.

So that I had now a double wall; and my outer wall was thickened with pieces of timber, old cables, and everything I could think of, to make it strong, having in it seven little holes, about as big as I might put my arm out at. In the inside of this I thickened my wall to above often feet thick, with continual bringing earth out of my cave, and laying it at the foot of the wall, and walking upon it; and through the seven holes I contrived to plant the muskets, of which I took notice that I got seven on shore out of the ship. These, I say, I planted like my cannon, and fitted them into frames that held them like a carriage, that so I could fire all the seven guns in two minutes ' time. This wall I was many a weary month afinishing, and yet never thought myself safe till it was done.

When this was done, I stuck all the ground without my wall, for a great way every way, as full with stakes, or sticks, of the osier-like wood, which I found so apt to grow, as they could well stand; insomuch, that I believe I might set in near twenty thousand of them, leaving a pretty large space between them and my wall, that I might have room to see an enemy, and they might have no shelter from the young trees, if they attempted to approach my outer wall.

Thus in two years ' time I had a thick grove; and in five or six years ' time I had a wood before my dwelling, growing so monstrous thick and strong, that it was indeed perfectly impassable; and no men, of what kind soever, would ever imagine that there was anything beyond it, much less a habitation. As for the way which I proposed to myself to go in and out, for I left no avenue, it was by setting two ladders, one to a part of the rock which was low, and then broke in, and left room to place another ladder upon that; so when the two ladders were taken down, no man living could come down to me without mischieving himself; and if they had come down, they were still on the outside of my outer wall.

Thus I took all the measures human prudence could suggest for my own preservation; and it will be seen, at length, that they were not altogether without just reason; though I foresaw nothing at that time more than my mere fear suggested to me.

Chapter 12. A CAVE RETREAT

While this was doing, I was not altogether careless of my other affairs; for I had a great concern upon me for my little herd of goats. They were not only a present supply to me upon every occasion, and began to be sufficient to me, without the expense of powder and shot, but also without the fatigue of hunting after the wild ones; and I was loth to lose the advantage of them, and to have them all to nurse up over again.

To this purpose, after long consideration, I could think of but two ways to preserve them. One was, to find another convenient place to dig a cave under ground, and to drive them into it every night; and the other was, to enclose two or three little bits of land, remote from one another, and as much concealed as I could, where I might keep about half a dozen young goats in each place; so that if any disaster happened to the flock in general, I might be able to raise them again with little trouble and time. And this, though it would require a great deal of time and labor, I thought was the most rational design.

Accordingly I spent some time to find out the most retired parts of the island; and I pitched upon one which was as private indeed as my heart could wish for. It was a little damp piece of ground, in the middle fo the hollow and thick woods, where, as is observed, I almost lost myself once before, endeavoring to come back that way from the eastern part of the island. Here I found a clear piece of land, near three acres, so surrounded with woods that it was almost an enclosure by Nature; at least, it did not want near so much labor to make it as the other pieces of ground I had worked so hard at.

I immediately went to work with this piece of ground, and in less than a month ' s time I had so fenced it round that my flock, or herd, call it which you please, who were not so wild now as at first they might be supposed to be, were well enough secured in it. So, without any farther delay, I removed often young she-goats and two he-goats to this piece. And when they were there, I continued to perfect the fence, till I had made it as secure as the other, which, however, I did at more leisure, and it took me up more time by a great deal.

All this labor I was at the expense of, purely from my apprehensions on the account of the print of a man ' s foot which I had seen; for, as yet, I never saw any human creature come near the island. And I had now lived two years under these uneasinesses, which, indeed, made my life much less comfortable than it was before, as may well be imagined by any who know what it is to live in the constant snare of the fear of man. And this I must observe, with grief, too, that the discomposure of my mind had too great impressions also upon the religious part of my thoughts; for the dread and terror of falling into the hands of savages and cannibals lay so upon my spirits, that I seldom found myself in a due temper for application to my Maker, at least not with the sedate calmness and resignation of soul which I was wont to do. I rather prayed to God as under great affliction and pressure of mind, surrounded with danger, and in expectation every night of being murdered and devoured before morning; and I must testify from my experience, that a temper of peace, thankfulness, love, and affection, is much more the proper frame for prayer than that of terror and discomposure; and that under the dread of mischief impending, a man is no more fit for a comforting performance of the duty of praying to God than he is for repentance on a sicklied. For these discomposures affect the mind, as the others do the body; and the discomposure of the mind must necessarily be as great a disability as that of the body, and much greater, praying to God being properly an act of the mind, not of the body.

But to go on. After I had thus secured one part of my little living stock, I went about the whole island, searching for another private place to make such another deposit; when, wandering more the the west point of the island than I had ever done yet, and looking out to sea, I thought I saw a boat upon the sea, at a great distance. I had found a prospective glass or two in one of the seamen ' s chests, which I saved out of our ship, but I had it not about me; and this was so remote that I could not tell what to make of it, though I looked at it till my eyes were not able to hold to look any longer. Whether it was a boat or not, I do not know; but as I descended from the hill, I could see no more of it, so I gave it over; only I resolved to go no more out without a prospective glass in my pocket.

When I was come down the hill to the end of the island, where, indeed, I had never been before, I was presently convinced that the seeing the print of a man ' s foot was not such a strange thing in the island as I imagined. And, but that it was a special providence that I was cast upon the side of the island where the savages never came, I should easily have known that nothing was more frequent than for the canoes from the main, when they happened to be a little too far out at sea, to shoot over to that side of the island for harbor; likewise, as they often met and fought in their canoes, the victors having taken any prisoners would bring them over to this shore, wherer according to their dreadful customs, being all cannibals, they would kill and eat them; of which hereafter.

When I was come down the hill to the shore, as I said above, being the SW. point of the island, I was perfectly confounded and amazed; nor is it possible for me to express the horror of my mind at seeing the shore spread with skulls, hands, feet, and other bones of human bodies; and particularly, I observed place where there had been a fire made, and a circle dug in the earth, like a cockpit, where it is supposed the savage wretches sat down to their inhuman feastings upon the bodies of their fellow-creatures.

I was so astonished with the sight of these things that I entertained no notion of any danger to myself from it for a long while. All my apprehensions were buried in the thoughts of such a pitch of inhuman, hellish brutality, and the horror of the degeneracy of human nature which, though I had heard of often, yet I never had so near a view of before. In short, I turned away my face from the horrid spectacle. My stomach grew sick, and I was just at the point of fainting, when Nature discharged the disorder from my stomach. And having vomited with an uncommon violence, I was a little relieved, but could not bear to stay in the place a moment; so I got me up the hill again with all the speed I could, and walked on towards my own habitation.

When I came a little out of that part of the island, I stood still a while as amazed; and then recovering myself, I looked up with the utmost affection of my soul, and with a flood of tears in my eyes, gave God thanks, that had cast my first lot in a part of the world where I was distinguished from such dreadful creatures as these; and that, though I had esteemed my present condition very miserable, had yet given me so many comforts in it, that I had still more to give thanks for than to complain of; and this is above all, that I had, even in this miserable condition, been comforted with the knowledge of Himself, and the hope of His blessing; which was a felicity more than sufficiently equivalent to all the misery which I had suffered, or could suffer.

In this frame of thankfulness I went home to my castle, and began to be much easier now, as to the safety of my circumstances, than ever I was before; for I observed that these wretches never came to this island in search of what they could get; perhaps not seeking, not wanting, or not expecting, anything here; and having often, no doubt, been up in the covered, woody part of it, without finding anything to their purpose. I knew I had been here now almost eighteen years, and never saw the least footsteps of human creature there before; and I might be here eighteen more as entirely concealed as I was now, if I did not discover myself to them, which I had no manner of occasion to do; it being my only business to keep myself entirely concealed where I was, unless I found a better sort of creatures than cannibals to make myself known to.

Yet I entertained such an abhorrence of the savage wretches that I have been speaking of, and of the wretched inhuman custom of their devouring and eating one another up, that I continued pensive and sad, and kept close within my own circle for almost two years after this. When I say my own circle, I mean by it my three plantations, viz., my castle, my country seat, which I called my bower, and my enclosure in the woods. Nor did I look after this for any other use than as an enclosure for my goats; for the aversion which Nature gave me to these hellish wretches was such that I was fearful of seeing them as of seeing the devil himself. Nor did I so much as go to look after my boat in all this time, but began rather to think of making me another; for I could not think of ever making any more attempts to bring the other boat round the island to me, lest I should meet with some of these creatures at sea, in which, if I had happened to have fallen into their hands, I knew what would have been my lot.

Time, however, and the satisfaction I had that I was in no danger of being discovered by these people, began to wear off my uneasiness about them; and I began to live just in the same composed manner as before; only with this difference, that I used more caution, and kept my eyes more about me, than I did before, lest I should happen to be seen by any of them; and particularly, I was more cautious of firing my gun, lest any of them being on the island should happen to hear of it. And it was, therefore, a very good providence to me that I had furnished myself with a tame breed of goats, that needed not hunt any more about the woods, or shoot at them. And if I did catch any of them after this, it was by traps and snares, and I had done before; so that for two years after this I believe I never fired my gun once off, though I never went out without it; and, which was more, as I had saved three pistols out of the ship, I always carried them out with me, or at least two of them, sticking them in my goat-skin belt. Also I furbished up one of the great cutlasses that I had out of the ship, and made me a belt to put it on also; so that I was now a most formidable fellow to look at when I went abroad, if you add to the former description of myself the particular of two pistols and a great broadsword hanging at my side in a belt, but without a scabbard.

Things going on thus, as I have said, for some time, I seemed, excepting these cautions, to be reduced to my former calm, sedate way of living. All these things tended to showing me, more and more, how far my condition was from being miserable, compared to some others; nay, to many other particulars of life, which it might have pleased God to have made my lot. It put me upon reflecting how little repining there would be among mankind at any condition of life, if people would rather compare their condition with those that are worse, in order to be thankful, than be always comparing them with those which are better, to assist their murmurings and complainings.

As in my present condition there were not really many things which I wanted, so indeed I thought that the frights I had been in about these savage wretches, and the concern I had been in for my own preservation, had taken off the edge of my invention for my own conveniences. And I had dropped a good design, which I had once bent my thoughts too much upon; and that was, to try if I could not make some of my barley into malt, and then try to brew myself some beer. This was really a whimsical thought, and I reproved myself often for the simplicity of it; for I presently saw there would be the want of several things necessary to the making my beer that it would be impossible for me to supply. As, first, casks to preserve it in, which was a thing that, as I have observed already, I could never compass; no, though I spent not many days, but weeks, nay, months, in attempting it, but to no purpose. In the next place, I had no hops to make it keep, no yeast to make it work, no copper or kettle to make it boil; and yet all these things notwithstanding, I verily believe, had not these things intervened, I mean the frights and terrors I was in about the savages, I had undertaken it, and perhaps brought it to pass, too; for I seldom gave anything over without accomplishing it when I once had it in my head enough to begin it.

But my invention now run quite another way; for, night and day I could think of nothing but how I might destroy some of these monsters in their cruel, bloody entertainment, and, if possible, save the victim they should bring hither to destroy. It would take up a larger volume than this whole work is intended to be, to set down all the contrivances I hatched, or rather brooded upon, in my thought, for the destroying these creatures, or at least fighting them so as to prevent their coming hither any more. But all was abortive; nothing could be possible to take effect, unless I was to be there to do it myself. And what could one man do among them, when perhaps there might be twenty or thirty of them together, with their darts, or their bows and arrows, with which they could shoot as true to a mark as I could with my gun.

Sometimes I contrived to dig a hole under the place where they made their fire, and put in five or six pounds of gunpowder, which, when they kindled their fire, would consequently take fire, and blow up all that was near it. But as, in the first place, I should be very loth to waste so much powder upon them, my store being now within the quantity of one barrel, so neither I be sure of its going off at any certain time, when it might surprise them; and, at best, that it would do little more than just blow the fire about their ears, and fright them, but not sufficient to make them forsake the place. So I laid it aside, and then proposed that I would place myself in ambush in some convenient place, with my three guns all double-loaded, and, in the middle of their bloody ceremony, let fly at them, when I should be sure to kill or wound perhaps two or three at every shot; and then falling in upon them with my three pistols and my sword, I made no doubt but that if there was twenty I should kill them all. This fancy pleased my thoughts for some weeks; and I was so full of it that I often dreamed of it, and sometimes that I was just going to let fly at them in my sleep.

I went so far with it in my imagination that I employed myself several days to find out proper places to put myself in ambuscade, as I said, to watch for them; and I went frequently to the place itself, which was now grown more familiar to me; and especially while my mind was thus filled with thoughts of revenge, and of a bloody putting twenty or thirty of them to the sword, as I may call it, the horror I had at the place, and at the signals of the barbarous wretches devouring one another, abated my malice.

Well, at length I found a place in the side of the hill, where I was satisfied I might securely wait till I saw any of their boats coming; and might then, even before they would be ready to come on shore, convey myself, unseen, into thickets of trees, in one of which there was a hollow large enough to conceal me entirely; and where I might sit and observe all their bloody doings, and take my full aim at their heads, when they were so close together, as that it would be next to impossible that I should miss my shot, or that I could fail wounding three of four of them at first shot.

In this place, then, I resolved to fix my design; and, accordingly, I prepared two muskets and my ordinary fowling-piece. The two muskets I loaded with a brace of slugs each, and four or five smaller bullets, about the size of pistol-bullets; and the fowling-piece I loaded with near a handful of swan-shot, of the largest size. I also loaded my pistols with about four bullets each; and in this posture, well provided with ammunition for a second and third charge, I prepared myself for my expedition.

After I had thus laid the scheme of my design, and in my imagination put it in practice, I continually made my tour every morning up to the top of the hill, which was from my castle, as I called it, about three miles, or more, to see if I could observe any boats upon the sea coming near the island, or standing over two or three months, constantly kept my watch, but came always back without any discovery; there having not, in all that time, been the appearance, not only on or near the shore, but not on the whole ocean, so far as my eyes or glasses could reach every way.

As long as I kept up my daily tour to the hill to look out, so long also I kept up the vigor of my design, and my spirits seemed to be all the while in a suitable form for so outrageous an execution as the killing twenty or thirty naked savages for an offence which I had not at all entered into a discussion of in my thoughts, any farther than my passions were at first fired by the horror I conceived at the unnatural custom of that people of the country; who, it seems, had-been suffered by Providence, in His wise disposition of the world, to have no other guide than that of their own abominable and vitiated passions; and consequently were left, and perhaps had been so for some ages, to act such horrid things, and receive such dreadful customs, as nothing but nature entirely abandoned of Heaven, and acted by some hellish degeneracy, could have run them into. But now when, as I have said, I began to be weary of the fruitless excursion which I had made so long and so far every morning in vain, so my opinion of the action itself began to alter; and I began, with cooler and calmer thoughts, to consider what it was I was going to engage in. What authority or call I had to pretend to be judge and executioner upon these men as criminals, whom Heaven had thought fit, for so many ages, to suffer, unpunished, to go on, and to be, as it were, the executioners of His judgments one upon another. How far these people were offenders against me, and what right I had to engage in the quarrel of that blood which they shed promiscuously one upon another. I debated this very often with myself, thus: How do I know what God Himself judges in this particular case? It is certain these people either do not commit this as a crime; it is not against their own consciences ' reproving, or their light reproaching them. They do not know it to be an off and then commit it in defiance of Divine justice, as we do in almost all the sins we commit. They think it no more a crime to kill a captive taken in war than we do to kill an ox; nor to eat human flesh than we do to eat mutton.

When I had considered this a little; it followed necessarily that I was certainly in the wrong in it; that these people were not murderers in the sense that I had before condemned them in my thoughts, any more than those Christians were murderers who often put to death the prisoners taken in battle; or more frequently, upon many occasions, put whole troops of men to the sword, without giving quarter, though they threw down their arms and submitted.

In the next place it occurred to me, that albeit the usage they thus give one another was thus brutish and inhuman, yet it was really nothing to me; these people had done me no injury. That if they attempted me, or I saw it necessary for my immediate preservation to fall upon them, something might be said for it; but that as I was yet out of their power, and they had really no knowledge of me, and consequently no design upon me, and therefore it could not be just for me to fall upon them. That this would justify the conduct of the Spaniards in all their barbarities practised in America, and where they destroyed millions of these people; who, however they were idolaters and barbarians, and had several bloody and barbarous rites in their customs, such as sacrificing human bodies to their idols, were yet, as to the Spaniards, very innocent people; and that the rooting them out of the country is spoken of with the utmost abhorrence and detestation by even the Spaniards themselves at this time, and by all other Christian nations of Europe, as a mere butchery, a bloody and unnatural piece of cruelty, unjustifiable either to God or man; and such, as for which the very name of a Spaniard is reckoned to be frightful and terrible to all people of humanity, or of Christian compassion; as if the kingdom of Spain were particularly eminent for the product of a race of men who were without principles of tenderness, or the common bowels of pity to the miserable, which is reckoned to be a mark of generous temper in the mind.

These considerations really put me to a pause, and to a kind of a full stop; and I began, by little and little, to be off of my design, and to conclude I had taken wrong measures in my resolutions to attack the savages; that it was not my business to meddle with them, unless they first attacked me; and this it was my business, if possible, to prevent; but that if I were discovered and attacked, then I knew my duty.

On the other hand, I argued with myself that this really was the way not to deliver myself, but entirely to ruin and destroy myself; for unless I was sure to kill every one that not only should be on shore at that time, but that should ever come on shore afterwards, if but one of them escaped to tell their country people what had happened, they would come over again by thousands to revenge the death of their fellows, and I should only bring upon myself a certain destruction, which, at present, I had no manner of occasion for.

Upon the whole, I concluded that neither in principles nor in policy I ought, one way or other, to concern myself in this affair. That my business was, by all possible means, to conceal myself from them, and not to leave the last signal to them to guess by that there were any living creatures upon the island; I mean of human shape.

Religion joined in with this prudential, and I was convinced now, many ways, that I was perfectly out of my duty when I was laying all my bloody schemes for the destruction of innocent creatures; I mean innocent as to me. As to the crimes they were guilty of towards one another, I had nothing to do with them. They were national, and I ought to leave them to the justice of God, who is the Governor of nations, and knows how, by national punishments, to make a just retribution for national of and to bring public judgments upon those who offend in a public manner by such ways as best pleases Him.

This appeared so clear to me now, that nothing was a greater satisfaction to me than that I had not been suffered to do a thing which I now saw so much reason to believe would have been no less a sin than that of willful murder, if I had committed it. And I gave most humble thanks on my knees to God, that had thus delivered me from blood-guiltiness; beseeching Him to grant me the protection of His providence, that I might not fall into the hands of the barbarians, or that I might not lay my hands upon them, unless I had a more clear call from Heaven to do it, in defence of my own life.

In this disposition I continued for near a year after this; and so far was I from desiring an occasion for falling upon these wretches, that in all that time I never once went up the hill to see whether there were any of them in sight, or to know whether any of them had been on shore there, or not, that I might not be tempted to renew any of my contrivances against them, or be provided, by any advantage which might present itself, to fall upon them. Only this I did, I went and removed my boat, which I had on the other side the island, and carried it down to the east end of the whole island, where I ran it into a little cove, which I found under some high rocks, and where I knew, by reason of the currents, the savages durst not, at least would not come, with their boats, upon any account whatsoever.

With my boat I carried away everything that I had left there belonging to her, though not necessary for the bare going thither, viz., a mast and sail which I had made for her, and a thing like an anchor, but indeed which could not be called either anchor or grappling; however, it was the best I could make of its kind. All these I removed, that there might not be the least shadow of any discovery, or any appearance of any boat, or of any human habitation, upon the island.

Besides this, I kept myself, as I said, more retired than ever, and seldom went from my cell, other than upon my constant employment, viz., to milk my she-goats, and manage my little flock in the wood, which, as it was quite on the other part of the island, was quite out of danger; for certain it is, that these savage people, who sometimes haunted this island, never came with any thoughts of finding anything here, and consequently never wandered off from the coast; and I doubt not but they might have been several times on shore after my apprehensions of them had made me cautious, as well as before; and indeed, I looked back with some horror upon the thoughts of what my condition would have been if I had chopped upon them and been discovered before that, when, naked and unarmed, except with one gun, and that loaded often only with small shot, I walked everywhere, peeping and peeping about the island to see what I could get. What a surprise should I have been in if, when I discovered the print of a man ' s foot, I had, instead of that, seen fifteen or twenty savages, and found them pursuing me, and by the swiftness of their running, no possibility of my escaping them!

The thoughts of this sometimes sunk my very soul within me, and distressed my mind so much, that I could not soon recover it, to think what I should have done, and how I not only should not have been able to resist them, but even should not have had presence of mind enough to do what I might have done, much less what now, after so much consideration and preparation, I might be able to do. Indeed, after serious thinking of these things, I should be very melancholy, and sometimes it would last a great while; but I resolved it, at last, all into thankfulness to that Providence which had delivered me from so many unseen dangers, and had kept me from those mischiefs which I could no way have been the agent in delivering myself from, because I had not the least notion of any such thing depending, or the least supposition of it being possible.

This renewed a contemplation which often had come to my thoughts in former time, when first I began to see the merciful dispositions of Heaven, in the dangers we run through in this life. How wonderfully we are delivered when we know nothing of it! How, when we are in a quandary, as we call it, a doubt or hesitation, whether to go this way, or that way, a secret hint shall direct us this way, when we intended to go that way; nay, when sense, our own inclination, and perhaps business, has called to go the other way, yet a strange impression upon the mind, from we know not what springs, and by we know not what power, shall overrule us to go this way; and it shall afterwards appear that had we gone that way which we should have gone, and even to our imagination ought to have gone, we should have been ruined and lost. Upon these and many like reflections I afterwards made it a certain rule with me, that whenever I found those secret hints or pressings of my mind to doing, or not doing, anything that presented, or to going this way or that way, I never failed to obey the secret dictate, though I knew no other reason for it than that such a pressure, or such a hint, hung upon my mind. I could give many examples of the success of this conduct in the course of my life, but more especially in the latter part of my inhabiting this unhappy island; besides many occasions which it is very likely I might have taken notice of, if I had seen with the same eyes that I saw with now. But It is never too late to be wise; and I cannot but advise all considering men, whose lives are attended with such extraordinary incidents as mine, or even though not so extraordinary, not to slight such secret intimations of Providence, let them come from what invisible intelligence they will. That I shall not discuss, and perhaps cannot account for; but certainly they are a proof of the converse of spirits, and the secret communication between those embodied and those unembodied, and such a proof as can never be withstood, of which I shall have occasion to give some very remarkable instances in the remainder of my solitary residence in this dismal place.

I believe the reader of this will not think strange if I confess that these anxieties, these constant dangers I lived in, and the concern that was now upon me, put an end to all invention, and to all the contrivances that I had laid for my future accommodations and conveniences. I had the care of my safety more now upon my hands than that of my food. I cared not to drive a nail, or chop a stick of wood now, for fear the noise I should make should be heard; much less would I fire a gun, for the same reason; and, above all, I was intolerably uneasy at making any fire, lest the smoke, which is visible at a great distance in the day, should betray me; and for this reason I removed that part of my business which required fire, such as burning of pots and pipes, etc., into my new apartment in the woods; where, after I had been some time, I found, to my unspeakable consolation, a more natural cave in the earth, which went in a vast way, and where, I dare say, no savage, had he been at the mouth of it, would be so hardy as to venture in; nor, indeed, would any man else, but one who, like me, wanted nothing so much as a safe retreat.

The mouth of this hollow was at the bottom of a great rock, where, mere accident I would say (ifI did not see abundant reason to ascribe all such things now to Providence), I was cutting down some thick branches of trees to make charcoal; and before I go on, I must observe the reason of my making this charcoal, which was thus.

I was afraid of making a smoke about my habitation, as I said before; and yet I could not live there without baking my bread, cooking my meat, etc. So I contrived to burn some wood here, as I had seen done in England under turf, till it became chark, or dry cool; and then putting the fire out, I preserved the coal to carry home, and perform the other services which fire was wanting for at home, without danger of smoke.

But this is by-the-bye. While I was cutting down some wood here, I perceived that behind a very thick branch of low brush-wood, or underwood, there was a kind of hollow place. I was curious to look into it; and getting with difficulty into the mouth of it, I found it was pretty large; that is to say, sufficient for me to stand upright in it, and perhaps another with me. But I must confess to you I made more haste out than I did in when, looking farther into the place, and which was perfectly dark, I saw two broad shining eyes of some creature, whether devil or man I knew not, which twinkled like two stars, the dim light from the cave ' s mouth shining directly in, and making the reflection.

However, after some pause I recovered myself, and began to call myself a thousand fools, and tell myself that he that was afraid to see the devil was not fit to live twenty years in an island all alone, and that I durst to believe there was nothing in this cave that was more frightful than myself. Upon this, plucking up my courage, I took up a great firebrand, and in I rushed again, with the stick flaming in my hand. I had not gone three steps in, but I was almost as much frighted as I was before; for I heard a very loud sigh like that of a man in some pain, and it was followed by a broken noise, as if of words half expressed, and then a deep sigh again. I stepped back, and was indeed struck with such a surprise that it put me into a cold sweat; and if I had had a hat on my head, I will not answer for it, that my hair might not have lifted it off. But still plucking up my spirits as well as I could, and encouraging myself a little with considering that the power and presence of God was everywhere, and was able to protect me, upon this I stepped forward again, and by the light of the firebrand, holding it up a little over my head, I saw lying on the ground a most monstrous, frightful, old he-goat, just making his will, as we say, and gasping for life; and dying, indeed, of mere old age.

I stirred him a little to see if I could get him out, and he essayed to get up, but was not able to raise himself; and I thought with myself he might even lie there; for if he had frighted me so, he would certainly fright any of the savages, if any of them should be so hardy as to come in there while he had any life in him.

I was now recovered from my surprise, and began to look round me, when I found the cave was but very small; that is to say, it might be about twelve feet over, but in no manner of shape, either round or square, no hands having every been employed in making it but those of mere Nature. I observed also that there was a place at the farther side of it that went in farther, but was so low that it required me to creep upon my hands and knees to go into it, and whither I went I knew not; so having no candle, I gave it over for some time, but resolved to come again the next day, provided with candles and a tinderbox, which I had made of the lock of one of the muskets, with some wild-fire in the pan.

Accordingly, the next day I came provided with six large candles of my own making, for I made very good candles now of goat ' s tallow; and going into this low place, I was obliged to creep upon all fours, as I have said, almost often yards; which, by the way, I thought was a venture bold enough, considering that I knew not how far it might go, nor what was beyond it. When I was got through the strait, I found the roof rose higher up, I believe near twenty feet. But never was such a glorious sight seen in the island, I dare say, as it was, to look round the sides and roof of this vault or cave; the walls reflected a hundred thousand lights to me from my two candles. What it was in the rock, whether diamonds, or any other precious stones, or gold, which I rather supposed it to be, I knew not.

The place I was in was a most delightful cavity or grotto of its kind, as could be expected, though perfectly dark. The floor was dry and level, and had a sort of small, loose gravel upon it, so that there was no nauseous or venomous creature to be seen; neither was there any damp or wet on the sides or roof. The only difficulty in it was the entrance, which, however, as it was a place of security, and such a retreat as I wanted, I thought that was a convenience; so that I was really rejoiced at the discovery, and resolved, without any delay, to bring some of those things which I was most anxious about to this place; particularly, I resolved to bring hither my magazine of powder, and my spare arms, viz., two fowling-pieces, for I had three in all, and three muskets, for of them I had eight in all. So I kept at my castle only five, which stood ready-mounted, like pieces of cannon, on my outmost fence; and were ready also to take out upon any expedition.

Upon this occasion of removing my ammunition, I took occasion to open the barrel of powder, which I took up out of the sea, and which had been wet; and I found that the water had penetrated about three of four inches into the powder on every side, which caking, and growing hard, had preserved the inside like a kernel in a shell; so that I had near sixty pounds of very good powder in the centre of the cask. And this was an agreeable discovery to me at that time; so I carried all away thither, never keeping above two or three pounds of powder with me in my castle, for fear of a surprise of any kind. I also carried thither all the lead I had left for bullets.

I fancied myself now like one of the ancient giants, which were said to live in caves and holes in the rocks, where none could come at them; for I persuaded myself, while I was here, if five hundred savages were to hunt me, they could never find me out; or, if they did, they would not venture to attack me here.

The old goat, whom I found expiring, died in the mouth of the cave the next day after I made this discovery; and I found it much easier to dig a great hole there, and throw him in and cover him with earth, than to drag him out; so I interred him there, to prevent the offence to my nose.

Chapter 13. WRECK OF A SPANISH SHIP

I was now in my twenty-third year of residence in this island; and was so naturalized to the place, and to the manner of living, that could I have but enjoyed the certainty that no savages would come to the place to disturb me, I could have been content to have capitulated for spending the rest of my time there, even to the last moment, till I had laid me down and died, like the old goat in the cave. I had also arrived to some little diversions and amusements, which made the time pass more pleasantly with me a great deal than it did before. As, first, I had taught my Poll, as I noted before, to speak; and he did it so familiarly, and talked so articulately and plain, that it was very pleasant to me; and he lived with me no less than six and twenty years. How long he might live afterwards I know not, though I know they have a notion in the Brazils that they live a hundred years. Perhaps poor Poll may be alive there still, calling after poor Robin Crusoe to this day. I wish no Englishman the ill luck to come there and hear him; but if he did, he would certainly believe it was the devil. My dog was a very pleasant and loving companion to me for no less than sixteen years of my time, and then died of mere old age. As for my cats, they multiplied, as I had observed, to that degree that I was obliged to shoot several of them at first to keep them from devouring me and all I had; but at length, when the two old ones I brought with me were gone, and after some time continually driving them from me, and letting them have no provision with me, they all ran wild into the woods, except two or three favorites, which I kept tame, and whose young, when they had any, I always drowned; and these were part of my family. Besides these, I always kept two or three household kids about me, whom I taught to feed out of my hand. And I had two more parrots, which talked pretty well, and would all call " Robin Crusoe, " but none like my first; nor, indeed, did I take the pains with any of them that I had done with him. I had also several tame seafowls, whose names I know not, whom I caught upon the shore, and cut their wings; and the little stakes which I had planted before my castle wall being now grown up to a good thick grove, these fowls all lived among these low trees, and bred there, which was very agreeable to me; so that, as I said above, I began to be very well contented with the life I led, if it might but have been secured from the dread of the savages.

But it is otherwise directed; and it may not be amiss for all people who shall meet with my story, to make this just observation from it, viz., how frequently, in the course of our lives, the evil which in itself we seek most to shun, and which, when we are fallen into it, is the most dreadful to us, is oftentimes the very means or door of our deliverance, by which alone we can be raised again from the afflictions we are fallen into. I could give many examples of this in the course of my unaccountable life; but in nothing was it more particularly remarkable than in the circumstances of my last years of solitary residence in this island.

It was now the month of December, as I said above, in my twenty-third year; and this, being the southern solstice (for winter I cannot call it), was the particular time of my harvest, and required my being pretty much abroad in the fields, when, going out pretty early in the morning, even before it was thorough daylight, I was surprised with seeing a light of some fire upon the shore, at a distance from me of about two miles, towards the end of the island, where I —had observed some savages had been, as before. But not on the other side; but, to my great affliction, it was on my side of the island.

I was indeed terribly surprised at the sight, and stepped short within my grove, not daring to go out lest I might be surprised; and yet I had no more peace within, from the apprehensions I had that if these savages, in rambling over the island, should find my corn standing or cut, or any of works and improvements, they would immediately conclude that there were people in the place, and would then never give over till they had found me out. In this extremity I went back directly to my castle, pulled up the ladder after me, and made all things without look as wild and natural as I could.

Then I prepared myself within, putting myself in a posture of defence. I loaded all cannon, as I called them, that is to say, my muskets, which were mounted upon my new fortification, and all my pistols, and resolved to defend myself to the last gasp; not forgetting seriously to commend myself to the Divine protection, and earnestly to pray to God to deliver me out of the hands of the barbarians. And in this posture I continued about two hours; but began to be mighty impatient for intelligence abroad, for I had no spies to send out.

After sitting a while longer, and musing what I should do in this case, I was not able to bear sitting in ignorance any longer; so setting up my ladder to the side of the hill where there was a flat place, as I observed before, and then pulling the ladder up after me, I set it up again, and mounted to the top of the hill; and pulling out my perspective-glass, which I had taken on purpose, I laid me down flat on my belly on the ground, and began to look for the place. I presently found there was no less than nine naked savages sitting round a small fire they had made, not to warm them, for they had no need of that, the weather being extreme hot, but, as I supposed, to dress some of their barbarous diet of human flesh which they had brought with them, whether alive or dead, I could not know.

They had two canoes with them, which they had hauled up upon the shore; and as it was then tide of ebb, they seemed to me to wait for the return of the flood to go away again. It is not easy to imagine what confusion this sight put me into, especially seeing them come on my side the island, and so near me too. But when I observed their coming must be always with the current of the ebb, I began afterwards to more sedate in my mind, being satisfied that I might go abroad with safety all the time of the tide of flood, if they were not on shore before; and having made this observation, I went abroad about my harvest-work with the more composure.

As I expected, so it proved; for as soon as the tide made to the westward, I saw them all take boat, and row (or paddle, as we call it) all away. I should have observed, that for an hour and more before they went off, they went to dancing; and I could easily discern their postures and gestures by my glasses. I could not perceive, by my nicest observation but that they were stark naked, and had not the least covering upon them; but whether they were men or women, that I could not distinguish.

As soon as I saw them shipped and gone, I took two guns upon my shoulders, and two pistols at my girdle, and my great sword by my side, without a scabbard, and with all the speed I was able to make I went away to the hill where I had discovered the first appearance of all. And as soon as I got thither, which was not less than two hours (for I could not go apace, being so loaden with arms as I was), I perceived there had been three canoes more of savages on that place; and looking out farther, I saw they were all at sea together, making over for the main.

This was a dreadful sight to me, especially when, going down to the shore, I could see the marks of horror which the dismal work they had been about had left behind it, viz., the blood, the bones, and part of the flesh of human bodies, eaten and devoured by those wretches with merriment and sport. I was so filled with indignation at the sight, that I began now to premeditate the destruction of the next that I saw there, let them be who or how many soever.

It seemed evident to me that the visits which they thus made to this island are not very frequent, for it was above fifteen months before any more of them came on shore there again; that is to say, I neither saw them, or any footsteps or signals of them, in all that time; for, as to the rainy seasons, then they are sure not to come abroad, at least not so far. Yet all this while I lived uncomfortably by reason of the constant apprehensions I was in of their coming upon me by surprise; from whence I observe, that the expectation of evil is more bitter than the suffering, especially if there is no room to shake off that expectation, or those apprehensions.

During all this time I was in the murdering humor, and took up most of my hours, which should have been better employed, in contriving how to circumvent and fall upon them the very next time I should see them; especially if they should be divided, as they were the last time, into two parties. Nor did I consider at all that if I killed one party, suppose often or a dozen, I was still the next day, or week, or month, to kill another, and so another, even ad infinitum, till I should be at length no less a murderer than they were in being man-eaters, and perhaps more so.

I spent my days now in great perplexity and anxiety of mind, expecting that I should, one day or other, fall into the hands of these merciless creatures; and if I did at any time venture abroad, it was not without looking round me with the greatest care and caution imaginable. And now I found, to my great comfort, how happy it was that I provided for a tame flock or herd of goats; for I durst not, upon any account, fire my gun, especially near that side of the island where they usually came, lest I should alarm the savages. And if they had fled from me now, I was sure to have them come back again, with perhaps two or three hundred canoes with them, in a few days, and then I knew what to expect.

However, I wore out a year and three months more before I ever saw any more of the savages, and then I found them again, as I shall soon observe. It is true they might have been there once or twice, but either they made no stay, or at least I did not hear them; but in the month of May, as near as I could calculate, and in my four and twentieth year, I had a very strange encounter with them; of which in its place.

The perturbation of my mind, during this fifteen or sixteen months ' interval, was very great. I slept unquiet, dreamed always frightful dreams, and often started out of my sleep in the night. In the day great troubles overwhelmed my mind, and in the night I deamed often of killing the savages, and of the reasons why I might justify the doing of it. But, to waive all this for a while, it was the middle of May, on the sixteenth day, I think, as well as my poor wooden calendar would reckon, for I marked all upon the post still; I say, it was the sixteenth of May that it blew a very great storm of wind all day, with a great deal of lightning and thunder, and a very foul night it was after it. I know not what was the particular occasion of it, but as I was reading in the Bible, and taken up with very serious thoughts about my present condition, I was surprised with a noise of a gun, as I thought, fired at sea.

This was, to be sure, a surprise of a quite different nature from any I had met with before; for the notions this put into my thoughts were quite of another kind. I started up in the greatest haste imaginable and, in a trice, clapped my ladder to the middle place of the rock, and pulled it after me; and mounting it the second time, got to the top of the hill the very moment that a flash of fire bid me listen for a second gun, which accordingly, in about half a minute, I heard; and, by the sound, knew that it was from the part of the sea where I was driven down the current in my boat.

I immediately considered that this must be some ship in distress, and that they had some comrade, or some other ship in company, and fired these gun for signals of distress, and to obtain help. I had this presence of mind, at that minute, as to think that though I could not help them, it might be that they might help me; so I brought together all the dry wood I could get at hand, and, making a good handsome pile, I set it on fire upon the hill. The wood was dry, and blazed freely; and though the wind blew very hard, yet it burnt fairly out; so that I was certain, if there was any such thing as a ship, they must needs see it, and no doubt they did; for as soon as ever my fire blazed up I heard another gun, and after that several others, all from the same quarter. I plied my fire all night long till day broke; and when it was broad day, and the air cleared up, I saw something at a great distance at sea, full east of the island, whether a sail or a hull I could not distinguish, no, not with my glasses, the distance was so great, and the weather still something hazy also; at least it was so out at sea.

I looked at it all that day, and soon perceived that it did not move; so I presently concluded that it was a ship at an anchor. And being eager, you may be sure, to be satisfied, I took my gun in hand and ran toward the south side of the island, to the rocks where I had formerly been carried away with the current; and getting up there, the weather by this time being perfectly clear, I could plainly see, to my great sorrow, the wreck of a ship, cast away in the night upon those concealed rocks which I found when I was out in my boat; and which rocks, as they checked the violence of the stream, and made a kind of counter-stream or eddy, were the occasion of my recovering from the most desperate, hopeless condition that ever I had been in in all my life.

Thus, what is one man ' s safety is another man ' s destruction; for it seems these men, whoever they were, being out of their knowledge, and the rocks being wholly under water, had been driven upon them in the night, the wind blowing hard at E. and ENE. Had they seen the island, as I must necessarily suppose they did not, they must, as I thought, have endeavored to have saved themselves on shore by the help of their boat; but their firing of guns for help, especially when they saw, as I imagined, my fire, filled me with man thoughts. First, I imagined that upon seeing my light, they might have put themselves into their boat, and have endeavored to make the shore; but that the sea going very high, they might have been cast away. Other times I imagined that they might have lost their boat before, as might be the case many ways; as, particularly, by the breaking of the sea upon their ship, which many times obliges men to stave, or take in pieces of their boat, and sometimes to throw it overboard with their own hands. Other times I imagined they had some other ship or ships in company, who, upon the signals of distress they had made, had taken them up and carried them off. Other whiles I fancied they were all gone off to sea in their boat, and being hurried away by the current that I had been-formerly in, were carried out into the great ocean, where there was nothing but misery and perishing and that, perhaps, they might by this time think of starving, and of being in a condition to eat one another.

All these were but conjectures at best, so, in the condition I was in, I could no no more than look on upon the misery of the poor men, and pity them; which had still this good effect on my side, that it gave me more and more cause to give thanks to God, who had so happily and comfortably provided for me in my desolate condition; and that of two ships ' companies who were now cast away upon this part of the world, not one life should be spared but mine. I learned here again to observe, that it is very rare that the providence of God casts us into any condition of life so low, or any misery so great, but we may see something or other to be thankful for, and may see other in worse circumstances than our own.

Such certainly was the case of these men, of whom I could not so much as see room to suppose any of them were saved. Nothing could make it rational so much as to wish or expect that they did not all perish there, except the possibility only of their being taken up by another ship in company; and this was but mere possibility indeed, for I saw not the least signal or appearance of any such thing.

I cannot explain, by any possible energy of words, what a strange longing or hankering of desires. I felt in my soul upon this sight, breaking out sometimes thus: " Oh that there had been but one or two, nay, or but one soul, saved out of this ship, to have escaped to me, that I might but have had one companion, one fellow-creature, to have spoken to me, and to have conversed with! " In all the time of my solitary life I never felt so earnest, so strong a desire after the society of my fellow-creatures, or so deep a regret at the want of it.

There are some secret moving springs in the affections which, when they are set agoing by some object in view, or be it some object, though not in view, yet rendered present to the mind by the power of imagination, that motion carries out the soul by its impetuosity to such violent, eager embracings of the object, that the absence of it is insupportable.

Such were these earnest wishings that but one man had been saved! " Oh that it had been but one! " I believe I repeated the words, " Oh that it had been one! " a thousand times; and the desires were so moved by it, that when I spoke the words my hands would clinch together, and my fingers press the palms of my hands, that if I had had any soft thing in my hand, it would have crushed it involuntarily; and my teeth in my head would strike together, and set against one another so strong that for some time I could not part them again.

Let the naturalists explain these things and the reason and manner of them. All I can say to them is to describe the fact, which was even surprising to me when I found it, though I knew not from what it should proceed. It was doubtless the effect of ardent wishes, and of strong ideas formed in my mind, realizing the comfort which the conversation of one of my fellow-Christians would have been to me.

But it was not to be. Either their fate or mine, or both, forbid it; for, till the last year of my being on this island, I never knew whether any were saved out of that ship or no; and had only the affliction, some days after, to see the corpse of a drowned boy come on shore at the end of the island which was next the shipwreck. He had on no clothes but a seaman ' s waistcoat, a pair of open-kneed linen drawers, and a blue linen shirt; but nothing to direct me so much as to guess what nation he was of. He had nothing in his pocket but two pieces of eight and a tobacco-pipe. The last was to me of often times more value than the first.

It was now calm, and I had a great mind to venture out in my boat to this wreck, not doubting but I might find something on board that might be useful to me. But that did not altogether press me so much as the possibility that there might be yet some living creature on board, whose life I might not only save, but might, by saving that life, comfort my own to the last degree. And this thought clung so to my heart that I could not be quiet night or day, but I must venture out in my boat on board this wreck; and committing the rest to God ' s providence I thought, the impression was so strong upon my mind that it could not be resisted, that it must come from some invisible direction, and that I should be wanting to myself if I did not go.

Under the power of this impression, I hastened back to my castle, prepared everything for my voyage, took a quantity of bread, a great pot for fresh water, a compass to steer by, a bottle of rum (for I had still a great deal of that left), a basket full of raisins. And thus, loading myself with everything necessary, I went down to my boat, got the water out of her, and got her afloat, loaded all my cargo in her, and then went home again for more. My second cargo was a great bag full of rice, the umbrella to set up over my head for shade, another large pot full of fresh water, and about two dozen of my small loaves, or barley-cakes, more than before, with a bottle of goat ' s milk and a cheese; all which, with great labor and sweat, I brought to my boat. And praying to God to direct my voyage, I put out; and rowing, or paddling, the canoe along the shore, I came at last to the utmost point of the island on that side, viz., NE. And now I was to launch out into the ocean, and either to venture or not to venture. I looked on the rapid currents which ran constantly on both sides of the island at a distance, and which were very terrible to me, from the remembrance of the hazard I had been in before, and my heart began to fail me; for I foresaw that if I was driven into either of those currents, I should be carried a vast way out to sea, and perhaps out of my reach, or sight of the island again; and that then, as my boat was but small, if any little gale of wind should rise, I should be inevitable lost.

These thoughts so oppressed my mind that I began to give over my enterprise; and having hauled my boat into a little creek on the shore, I stepped out, and sat me down a little rising bit of ground, very pensive and anxious, between fear and desire, about my voyage; when, as I was musing, I could perceive that the tide was turned, and the flood come on; upon which my going was for so many hours impracticable. Upon this, presently it occurred to me that I should go up to the highest piece of ground I could find and observe, if I could, how the sets of the tide, or currents, lay when the flood came in, that I might judge whether, if I was driven one way out, I might not expect to be driven another way home, with the same rapidness of the currents. This thought was no sooner in my head but I cast my eye upon a little hill, which sufficiently overlooked the sea both ways, and from whence I had a clear view of the currents, or sets of the tide, and which way I was to guide myself in my return. Here I found, that as the current of the ebb set out close by the south point of the island, so the current of the flood set in close by the shore of the north side; and that I had nothing to do but to keep to the north of the island in my return, and I should do well enough.

Encouraged with this observation, I resolved the next morning to set out with the first of the tide, and reposing myself for the night in the canoe, under the great watch-coat I mentioned, I launched out. I made first a little out to sea, full north, till I began to feel the benefit of the current which set eastward, and which carried me at a great rate; and yet did not so hurry me as the southern side current had done before, and so as to take from me all government of the boat; but having a strong steerage with my paddle, I went at a great rate directly for the wreck, and less than two hours I came up to it.

It was a dismal sight to look at. The ship, which, by its building, was Spanish, stuck fast, jammed in between two rocks. All the stern and quarter of her was beaten to pieces with the sea; and as her forecastle, which stuck in the rocks, had run on with violence, her mainmast were brought by the board; that is to say broken short off; but her bowsprit was sound, and the head and bow appeared firmer. When I came close to her a dog appeared upon her, who, seeing me coming, yelped and cried; and as soon as I called him, jumped into the sea to come to me, and I took him into the boat, but found him almost dead for hunger and thirst. I gave him a cake of my bread, and he eat it like a ravenous wolf that had been starving a fortnight in the snow. I then gave the poor creature some fresh water, with which, if I would have let him, he would have burst himself.

After this I went on board; but the first sight I met with was two men drowned in the cookroom, or forecastle of the ship, with their arms fast about one another. I concluded, as is indeed probable, that when the ship struck, it being in a storm, the sea broke so high, and so continually over her, that the men were not able to bear it, and were strangled with the constant rushing in of the water, as much as if they had been under water. Besides the dog, there was nothing left in the ship that had life, nor any goods that I could see but what were spoiled by the water. There were some casks of liquor, whether wine or brand I knew not, which lay lower in the hold, and which, the water being ebbed out, I could see; but they were too big to meddle with. I saw several chests, which I believed belonged to some of the seamen; and I got two of them into the boat, without examining what was in them.

Had the stern of the ship been fixed, and the fore-part broken off, I am persuaded I might have made a good voyage; for by what I found in these two chests, I had room to suppose the ship had a great deal of wealth on board; and if I may guess by the course she steered, she must have been bound from the Buenos Ayres, or the Rio de la Plata, in the south part of America, beyond the Brazils, to the Havana, in the Gulf of Mexico, and so perhaps to Spain. She had, no doubt, a great treasure in her, but of no use, at that time, to anybody; and what became of the rest of her people, I then knew not.

I found, besides these chests, a little cask full of liquor, of about twenty gallons, which I got into my boat with much difficulty. There were several muskets in a cabin, and a great powderhorn, with about four pounds of powder in it. As for the muskets, I had no occasion for them, so I left them, but took the powder-horn. I took a fire-hovel and tongs, which I wanted extremely; as also two little brass kettles, a copper pot to make chocolate, and a gridiron. And with this cargo, and the dog, I came away, the tide beginning to make home again; and the same evening, about an hour within night, I reached the island again, weary and fatigued to the last degree.

I reposed that night in the boat; and in the morning I resolved to harbor what I had gotten in my new cave, not to carry it home to my castle. After refreshing myself, I got all my cargo on shore, and began to examine the particulars. The cask of liquor I found to be a kind of rum, but not such as we had at the Brazils, and, in a word, not at all good. But when I came to open the chests, I found several things of great use to me. For example, I found in one a fine case of bottles, of an extraordinary kind, and filled with cordial waters, fine, and very good; the bottles held about three pints each, and were tipped with silver. I found two pots of very good succades, or sweetmeats, so fastened also on top, that the salt water had not hurt them; and two more of the same, which the water had spoiled. I found some very good shirts, which were very welcome to me; and about a dozen and half of linen white handkerchiefs and colored neckcloths. The former were also very welcome, being exceeding refreshing to wipe my face in a hot day. Besides this, when I came to the till in the chest, I found there three great bags of pieces of eight, which held out about eleven hundred pieces in all; and in one of them, wrapped up in a paper, six doubloons of gold, and some small bars or wedges of gold. I suppose they might all weigh near a pound.

Chapter 14. A DREAM REALISED

The other chest I found had some clothes in it, but of little value; but by the circumstances, it must have belonged to the gunner ' s mate; though there was no powder in it, but about two pounds of fine glazed powder, in three small flasks, kept, I suppose, for charging their fowling-pieces on occasion. Upon the whole, I got very little by this voyage that was of any use to me; for as to the money, I had no manner of occasion for it; It was to me as the dirt under my feet; and I would have given it all for three or four pair of English shoes and stocking, which were things I greatly wanted, but had not had on my feet now for many years. I had indeed gotten two pair of shoes now, which I took off of the feet of the two drowned men whom I saw in the wreck, and I found two pair more in one of the chests, which were very welcome to me; but they were not like our English shoes, either for ease or service, being rather what we call pumps than shoes. I found in the seaman ' s chest about fifty pieces of eight in royals, but no gold. I suppose this belonged to a poorer man than the other, which seemed to belong to some officer.

Well, however, I lugged this money home to my cave, and laid it up, as I had done that before which I brought from our own ship; but it was a great pity, as I said, that the other part of this ship had not come to my share, for I am satisfied I might have loaded my canoe several times over with money, which, if I had ever escaped to England, would have lain here safe enough till I might have come again and fetched it.

Having now brough all my things on shore, and secured them, I went back to my boat, and rowed or paddled her along the shore to her old harbor, where I laid her up, and made the best of my way to my old habitation, where I found everything safe and quiet. So I began to repose myself, live after my old fashion, and take care of my family affairs; and, for a while, I lived easy enough, only that I was more vigilant than I used to be, looked out oftener, and did not go abroad so much; and if at any time I did stir with any freedom, it was always to the east part of the island, where I was pretty well satisfied the savages never came, and where I could go without so many precautions, and such a load of arms and ammunition as I always carried with me if I went the other way.

I lived in this condition near two years more; but my unlucky head, that was always to let me know if it was born to make my body miserable, was all of this two years filled with projects and designs, how, if it were possible, I might get away from this island; for sometimes I was for making another voyage to the wreck, though my reason told me that there was nothing left there worth the hazard of my voyage; sometimes for a ramble one way, sometimes another; and I believe verily, if I had had the boat that I went from Sallee in, I should have ventured to sea, bound anywhere, I knew not whither.

I have been, in all my circumstances, a memento to those who are touched with the general plague of mankind, whence, for aught I know, one-half of their miseries flow; I mean, that of not being satisfied with the station wherein God and Nature had placed them; for not to look back upon my primitive condition, and the excellent advice of my father, the opposition to which was, as I may call it, my original sin, my subsequent mistakes of the same kind had been the means of my coming into this miserable condition; for had that Providence, which so happily had seated me at the Brazils as a planter, blessed me with confined desires, and I could have been contented to have gone on gradually, I might have been, by this time, I mean in the time of my being in this island, one of the most considerable planters in the brazils; nay, I am persuaded that by the improvements I had made in that little time I lived there, and the increase I should probably have made if I had stayed, I might have been worth a hundred thousand moidores. And what business had I to leave a settle fortune, a well-stocked plantation, improving and increasing, to turn supercargo to Guinea to fetch negroes, when patience and time would so have increased our stock at home, that we could have bought them at our own door from those whose business it was to fetch them; and though it had cost us something more, yet the difference of that price was by no means worth saving at so great a hazard.

But as this is ordinarily the fate of yourn heads, so reflection upon the folly of it is as ordinarily the exercise of more years, or the dear-bought experience of time; and so it was with me now. And yet, so deep had the mistake taken root in my temper, that I could not satisfy myself in my station, but was continually poring upon the means and possibility of my escape from this place. And that I may, with the greater pleasure to the reader, bring on the remaining part of my story, it may not be improper to give some account of my first conceptions on the subject of this foolish scheme for my escape, and how and upon what foundation I acted.

I am now to be supposed retired into my castle, after my late voyage to the wreck, my frigate laid up and secured under water, as usual, and my condition restored to what it was before. I had more wealth, indeed, that I had before, but was not at all the richer; for I had no more use for it than the Indians of Peru had before the Spaniards came there.

It was one of the nights in the rainy season in March, the four and twentieth year of my first setting foot in this island of solitariness. I was lying in my bed, or hammock, awake, very well in health, had no pain, no distemper, no uneasiness of body, no, nor any uneasiness of mind, more than ordinary, but could by no means close my eyes, that is, so as to sleep; no, not a wink all night long, otherwise than as follows.

It is as impossible, as needless, to set down the innumerable crowd of thoughts that whirled through that great throughfare of the brain, the memory, in this night ' s time. I ran over the whole history of my life in miniature, or by abridgment, as I may call it, to my coming to this island, and also of the part of my life since I came to this island. In my reflections upon the state of my case since I came on shore on this island, I was comparing the happy posture of my affairs in the first years of my habitation here compared to the life of anxiety, fear, and care which I had lived ever since I had seen the print of a foot in the sand; nor that I did not believe the savages had frequented the island even all the while, and might have been several hundreds of them at times on shore there; but I had never known it, and was incapable of any apprehensions about it. My satisfaction was perfect, though my danger was the same; and I was as happy in not knowing my danger, as if I had never really been exposed to it. This furnished my thoughts with many very profitable reflections, and particularly this one: how infinitely good that Providence is which has provided, in its government of mankind, such narrow bounds to his sight and knowledge of things; and though he walks in the midst of so many thousand dangers, the sight of which, if discovered to him, would distract his mind and sink his spirits, he is kept serene and calm, by having the events of things hid from his eyes, and knowing nothing of the dangers which surround him.

After these thoughts had for some time entertained me, I came to reflect seriously upon the real danger I had been in for so many years in this very island, and how I had walked about in the greatest security, and with all possible tranquillity, even when perhaps nothing but a brow of a hill, a great tree, or the casual approach of night had been between me and the worst kind of destruction, viz., that of failing into the hands of cannibals and savages, who would have seized on me with the same view as I did of a goat or a turtle, and have thought it no more a crime to kill and devour me than I did of a pigeon or a curlew. I would unjustly slander myself if I should say I was not sincerely thankful to my great Preserver, to whose singular protection I acknowledged, with great humility, that all these unknown deliverances were due, and without which I must inevitably have fallen into their merciless hands.

When these thoughts were over, my head was for some time take up in considering the nature of these wretched creatures, I mean the savages, and how it came to pass in the world that the wise Governor of all things should give up any of His creatures to such inhumanity; nay, to something so much below even brutality itself, as to devour its own kind. But as this ended in some (at that time fruitless) speculations, it occurred to me to inquire what part of the world these wretches lived in? How far off the coast was from whence they came? What they ventured over so far from home for? What kind of boats they had? And why I might not order myself and my business so, that I might be able to go over thither as they were to come to me.

I never so much as troubled myself to consider what I should do with myself when I came thither; what would become of me, if I fell into the hands of the savages; or how I should escape from them, if they attempted me; no, nor so much as how it was possible for me to reach the coast, and not be attempted by some or other of them, without any possibility of delivering myself; and if I should not fall into their hands, what I should do for provision, or whither I should bend my course. None of these thoughts, I say, so much as came in my way; but my mind was wholly bent upon the notion of my passing over in my boat to the mainland. I looked back upon my present condition as the most miserable that could possibly be; that I was not able to throw myself into anything, but death, that could be called worse; that if I reached the shore of the main, I might perhaps meet with relief, or I might coast along, as I did on the shore of Africa, till I came to some inhabited country, and where I might find some Christian ship that might take me in; and if the worse came to the worst, I could but die, which would put an end to all these miseries at once. Pray note, all this was the fruit of a disturbed mind, an impatient temper, made, as it were, desperate by the long continuance of my troubles, and the disappointments I had met in the work I had been on board of, and where I had been so near the obtaining what I so earnestly longed for, viz., somebody to speak to, and to learn some knowledge from the place where I was, and of the probable means of my deliverance. I say, I was agitated wholly by these thoughts. All my calm of mind, in my resignation to Providence, and waiting the issue of the dispositions of Heaven, seemed to be suspended; and I had, as it were, no power to turn my thoughts to anything but to the project of a voyage to the main, which came upon me with such force, and such an impetuosity of desire, that it was not to be resisted.

When this had agitated my thoughts for two hours, or more, with such violence that it set my very blood into a ferment, and my pulse beat as high as if I had been in a fever, merely with the extraordinary of my mind about it, Nature, as if I had been fatigued and exhausted with the very thought of it, threw me into a sound sleep. One would have thought I should have dreamed of it, but I did not, nor of anything relating to it; but I dreamed that as I was going out in the morning, as usual, from my castle, I saw upon the shore two canoes and eleven savages coming to land, and that they brought with them another savage, whom they were going to kill in order to eat him; when, on a sudden, the savage that they were going to kill jumped away, and ran for his life. And I thought, in my sleep, that he came running into my little thick grove before my fortification to hide himself; and that I, seeing him alone, and not perceiving that the other sought him that way, showed myself to him, and smiling upon him, encouraged him; that he kneeled down to me, seeming to pray me to assist him; upon which I showed my ladder, made him go up, and carried him into my cave, and he became my servant; and that as soon as I had gotten this man, I said to myself, " Now I may certainly venture to the mainland; for this fellow will serve me as a pilot, and will tell me what to do, and whither to go for provisions, and whither not to go for fear of being devoured; what places to venture into, and what to escape. " I waked with this thought, and was under such inexpressible impressions of joy at the prospect of my escape in my dream, that the disappointments which I felt upon coming to myself and finding it was no more than a dream were equally extravagant the other way, and threw me into a very great dejection of spirit.

Upon this, however, I made this conclusion: that my only way to go about an attempt for an escape was, if possible, to get a savage into my possession; and, if possible, it should be one of their prisoners whom they had condemned to be eaten, and should bring thither to kill. But these thoughts were attended with this difficulty, that it was impossible to effect this without attacking a whole caravan of them, and killing them all; and this was not only a very desperate attempt, and might miscarry; but, on the other hand, I had greatly scrupled the lawfulness of it to me; and my heart trembled at the thoughts of shedding so much blood, though it was for my deliverance. I need not repeat the arguments which occurred to me against this, they being the same mentioned before. But though I had other reasons to offer now, viz., that those men were enemies to my life, and would devour me if they could; that it was self-preservation, in the highest degree, to deliver myself from this death of a life, and was acting in my own defence as much as if they were actually assaulting me, and the like; I say, though these things argued for it, yet the thoughts of shedding human blood for my deliverance were very terrible to me, and such as I could by no means reconcile myself to a great while.

However, at last, after many secret disputes with myself, and after great perplexities about it, for all these arguments, one way and another, struggled in my head a long time, the eager prevailing desire of deliverance at length mastered all the rest, and I resolved, if possible, to get one of those savages into my hands, cost what it would. My next thing, then was to contrive how to do it, and this indeed was very difficulty to resolve on. But as I could pitch upon no probable means for it, so I resolved to put myself upon the watch, to see them when they came on shore, and leave the rest to the event, taking such measures as the opportunity should present, let be what would be.

With these resolutions in my thoughts, I set myself upon the scout as often as possible, and indeed so often, till I was heartily tired of it; for it was above a year and half that I waited; and for great part of that time went out to the west end, and to the south-west corner of the island, almost every day to see for canoes, but none appeared. This was very discouraging, and began to trouble me much; though I cannot say that it did in this case, as it had done some time before that, viz., wear off the edge of my desire to the thing. But the longer it seemed to be delayed, the more eager I was for it. In a word, I was not at first so careful to shun the sight of these savages, and avoid being seen by them, as I was now eager to be upon them.

Besides, I fancied myself able to manage one, nay, two or three savages, if I had them, so as to make them entirely slaves to me, to do whatever I should direct them, and to prevent their being able at anytime to do me any hurt. It was a great while that I pleased myself with this affair; but nothing still presented. All my fancies and schemes came to nothing, for no savages came near me for a great while.

About a year and half after I had entertained these notions, and by long musing had, as it were, resolved them all into nothing, for want of an occasion to put them in execution, I was surprised, one morning early, with seeing no less than five canoes all on shore together on my side the island, and the people who belonged to them all landed, and out of my sight. The number of them broke all my measures; for seeing so many, and knowing that they always came four, or six, or sometimes more in a boat, I could not tell what to think of it, or how to take my measures to attack twenty or thirty men single-handed; so I lay still in my castle, perplexed and discomforted. However, I put myself into all the same postures for an attack that I had formerly provided, and was just ready for action if anything had presented. Having waited a good while, listening to hear if they made any noise, at length, begin very impatient, I set my guns at the foot of my ladder, and clambered up to the top of the hill, by my two stages, as usual; standing so, however, that my head did not appear above the hill, so that they could not perceive me by any means. Here I observed, by the help of my perspective glass, that they were no less than thirty in number, that they had a fire kindled, that they had had meat dressed. How they had cooked it, that I knew not, or what it was; but they were all dancing, in I know not how many barbarous gestures and figures, their own way, round the fire.

While I was thus looking on them, I perceived by my perspective two miserable wretches dragged from the boats, where, it seems, they were laid by, and were now brought out for the slaughter. I perceived one of them immediately fell, being knocked down, I suppose, with a club or wooden sword, for that was their way, and two or three others were at work immediately, cutting him open for their cookery, while the other victim was left standing by himself, till they should be ready for him. In that very moment this poor wretch seeing himself a little at liberty, Nature inspired him with hopes of life, and he started away from them, and ran with incredible swiftness along the sands directly towards me, I mean towards that part of the coast where my habitation was.

I was dreadfully frighted (that I must acknowledge) when I perceived him to run my way, and especially when, as I thought, I saw him pursued by the whole body; and now I expected that part of my dream was coming to pass, and that he would certainly take shelter in my grove; but I could not depend, by any means, upon my dream for the rest of it, viz., that the other savages would not pursue him thither, and find him there. However, I kept my station, and my spirits began to recover when I found that there was not above three men that followed him; and still more was I encouraged when I found that he outstripped them exceedingly in running, and gained ground of them; so that if he could but hold it for half an hour, I saw easily he would fairly get away from them all.

There was between them and my castle the creek, which I mentioned often at the first part of my story, when I landed my cargoes out of the ship; and this I saw plainly he must necessarily swim over, or the poor wretch would be taken there. But when the savage escaping came thither he made nothing of it, though the tide was then up; but plunging in, swam through in about thirty strokes or thereabouts, landed, and ran on with exceeding strength and swiftness. When the three persons came to the creek, I found that two of them could swim, but the third could not, and that, standing on the other side, he looked at the other, but went no further, and soon after went softly back, which, as it happened, was very well for him in the main.

I observed that the two who swam were yet more than twice as long swimming over the creek as the fellow was that fled from them. It came now very warmly upon my thoughts, and indeed, irresistibly, that now was my time to get me a servant, and perhaps a companion assistant, and that I was called plainly by Providence to save this poor creature ' s life. I immediately run down the ladders with all possible expedition, fetched my two guns, for they were both but at the foot of the ladders, as I observed above, and getting up again, with the same haste, to the top of the hill, I crossed towards the sea, and having a very short cut, and all down hill, clapped myself in the way between the pursuers and the pursued, hallooing aloud to him that fled, who, looking back, was at first perhaps as much frighted at me as at them; but I beckoned with my hands to him to come back; and, in the meantime, I slowly advanced toward the two that followed; then rushing at once upon the foremost, I knocked him down with the stock of my piece. I was loth to fire, because I would not have the rest hear; though, at that distance, it would not have been easily heard, and being out of sight of the smoke too, they would not have easily known what to make of it. Having knocked this fellow down, the other who pursued with him stopped, as if he had been frighted, and I advanced a pace towards him; but as I came nearer, I perceived presently he had a bow and arrow, and was fitting it to shoot at me; so I was then necessitated to shoot at him first, which I did, and killed him at the first shot.

The poor savage who fled, but had stopped, though he saw both his enemies fallen and killed, as he thought, yet was so frighted with the fire and noise of my piece, that he stood stock-still, and neither came forward nor went backward, though he seemed rather inclined to fly still than to come on. I hallooed again to him, and made signs to come forward, which he easily understood, and came a little way, then stopped again, and then a little further; and stopped again; and I could then perceive that he stood trembling, as if he had been taken prisoner, and had just been to be killed, as his two enemies were. I beckoned him again to come to me, and gave him all the signs of encouragement that I could think of; and he came nearer and nearer, kneeling down every often or twelve steps, in token of acknowledgment for my saving his life. I smiled at him, and look pleasantly, and beckoned to him to come still nearer. At length he came close to me, and then he kneeled down again, kissed the ground, and laid his head upon the ground, and taking me by the foot, set my foot upon his head. This, it seems, was in token of swearing to be my slave forever. I took him up, and made much of him, and encouraged him all I could. But there was more work to do yet; for I perceived the savage whom I knocked down was not killed, but stunned with the blow, and began to come to himself; so I pointed to him, and showing him the savage, that he was not dead, upon this he spoke some words to me; and though I could not understand them, yet I thought they were pleasant to hear; for they were the first sound of a man ' s voice that I had heard, my own excepted, for above twenty-five years. But there was no time for such reflections now. The savage who was knocked down recovered himself so far as to sit up upon the ground, and I perceived that my savage began to be afraid; but when I was that, I presented my other piece at the man, as if I would shoot him. Upon this my savage, for so I call him now, made a motion to me to lend him my sword, which hung naked in a belt by my side; so I did. He no sooner had it but he runs to his enemy, and, at one blow, cut off his head as cleverly, no executioner in Germany could have done it sooner or better; which I thought very strange for one who, I had reason to believe, never saw a sword in his life before, except their own wooden swords. However, it seems, as I learned afterwards, they make their wooden swords so sharp, so heavy, and the wood is so hard, that they will cut off heads even with them, ay, and arms, and that at one blow too. When he had done this, he comes laughing to me in sign of triumph, and brought me the sword again, and with abundance of gestures, which I did not understand, laid it down, with the head of the savage that he had killed, just before me.

But that which astonished him most, was to know how I had killed the other Indian so far off; so pointing to him, he made signs to me to let him go to him; so I bade him go, as well as I could. When he came to him, he stood like one amazed, looking at him, turned him first on one side, then t ' other, looked at the wound the bullet had made, which, it seems, was just in his breast, where it had made a hole, and no great quantity of blood had followed; but he had bled inwardly, for he was quite dead. He took up his bow and arrows, and came back; so I turned to away, and beckoned to him to follow me, making signs to him that more might come after them.

Upon this he signed to me that he should bury them with sand, that they might not be seen by the rest if they followed; and so I made signs again to him to do so. He fell to work, and in an instant he had scraped a hole in the sand with his hands big enough to bury the first in, and then dragged him into it, and covered him, and did so also by the other. I believe he had buried them both in a quarter of an hour. Then calling him away, I carried him, not to my castle, but quite away to my cave, on the farther part of the island; so I did not let my dream come to pass in that part, viz., that he came into my grove for shelter.

Here I gave him bread and a bunch of raisins to eat, and a draught of water, which I found he was indeed in great distress for, by his running; and having refreshed him, I made signs for him to go lie down and sleep, pointing to a place where I had laid a great parcel of rice-straw, and a blanket upon it, which I used to sleep upon myself sometimes; so the poor creature laid down, and went to sleep.

He was a comely, handsome fellow, perfectly well made, with straight, strong limbs, not too large, tall, and well-shaped, and, as I reckoned, about twenty-six years of age. He had a very good countenance, not a fierce and surly aspect, but seemed to have something very manly in his face; and yet he had all the sweetness and softness of an European in his countenance too, especially when he smiled. His hair was long and black, not curled like wool; his forehead very high and large; and a great vivacity and sparkling sharpness in his eyes. The color of his skin was not quite black, but very tawny; and yet not of an ugly, yellow, nauseous tawny, as the Brazilians and Virginians, and other natives of America are, but of a bright kind of a dun olive color, that had in it something very agreeable, though not very easy to describe. His face was round and plump; his nose small, not flat like the negroes; a very good mouth, thin lips, and his fine teeth well set, and white as ivory.

After he had slumbered, rather than slept, about half an hour, he waked again, and comes out of the cave to me, for I had been milking my goats, which I had in the enclosure just by. When he espied me, he came running to me, laying himself down again upon the ground, with all the possible signs of an humble, thankful disposition, making as many antic gestures to show it. At last he lays his head flat upon the ground, close to my foot, and sets my other foot upon his head, as he had done before, and after this made all the signs to me of subjection, servitude, and submission imaginable, to let me know how he would serve me as long as he lived. I understood him in many things, and let him know I was very well pleased with him. In a little time I began to speak to him, and teach him to speak to me; and, first, I made him know his name should be Friday, which was the day I saved his life. I called him so for the memory of the time. I likewise taught him to say master, and then let him know that was to be my name. I likewise taught him to say Yes and No, and to know the meaning of them. I gave him some milk in an earthen pot, and let him see me drink it before him, and sop my bread in it; and I gave him a cake of bread to do the like, which he quickly complied with, and made signs that it was very good for him.

I kept there with him all that night; but as soon as it was day, I beckoned to him to come with me, and let him know I would give him some clothes; at which he seemed very glad, for he was stark naked. As we went by the place where he had buried the two men, he pointed exactly to the place, and showed me the marks that he had made to find them again, making signs to me that we should dig them up again, and eat them. At this I appeared very angry, expressed my abhorrence of it, made as if I would vomit at the thoughts of it, and beckoned with my hand to him to come away; which he did immediately, with great submission. I then led him up to the top of the hill, to see if his enemies were gone; and pulling out my glass, I looked, and saw plainly the place where they had been, but no appearance of them or of their canoes; so that it was plain that they were gone, and had left their two comrades behind them, without any search after them.

But I was not content with this discovery; but having now more courage, and consequently more curiosity, I take my man Friday with me, giving him the sword in his hand, with the bow and arrows at his back, which I found he could use very dexterously, making him carry one gun for me, and I two for myself, and away we marched to the place where these creatures had been; for I had a mind now to get some fuller intelligence of them. When I came to the place, my very blood ran chill in my veins, and my heart sunk within me, at the horror of the spectacle. Indeed, it was a dreadful sight, at least it was so to me, though Friday made nothing of it. The place was covered with human bones, the ground dyed with their blood, great pieces of flesh left here and there, half-eaten, mangled and scorched; and, in short, all the tokens of the triumphant feast they had been making there, after a victory of their enemies. I saw three skulls, five hands, and the bones of three or four legs and feet, and abundance of other parts of the bodies; and Friday, by his signs, made me understand that they brought over four prisoners to feast upon; that three of them were eaten up, and that he, pointing to himself, was the fourth; that there had been a great battle between them and their next king, whose subjects it seems he had been one of, and that they had taken a great number of prisoners; all which were carried to several places, by those who had taken them in the fight, in order to feast upon them, as was done here by these wretches upon those they brought hither.

I cause Friday to gather all the skulls, bones, flesh, and whatever remained, and lay them together on a heap, and make a great fire upon it, and burn them all to ashes. I found Friday had still a hankering stomach after some of the flesh, and was still a cannibal in his nature; but I discovered so much abhorrence at the very thoughts of it, and at the least appearance of it, that he durst not discover it; for I had, by some means, let him know that I would kill him if he offered it.

When we had done this we came back to our castle, and there I fell to work for my man Friday; and, first of all, I gave him-a pair of linen drawers, which I had out of the poor gunner ' s chest I mentioned, and which I found in the wreck; and which, with a little alteration, fitted him very well. Then I made him a jerkin of goat ' s-skin, as well as my skill would allow, and I was now grown a tolerable good tailor; and I gave him a cap, which I had made of a hare-skin, very convenient and fashionable enough; and thus he was clothed for the present tolerably well, and was mighty well pleased to see himself almost as well clothed as his master. It is true he went awkwardly in these things at first; wearing the drawers was very awkward to him, and the sleeves of the waistcoat galled his shoulders, and the inside of his arms; but a little easing them where he complained they hurt him, using himself to them, at length he took to them very well.

The next day after I came home to my hutch with him, I began to consider where I should lodge him. And that I might do well for him, and yet be perfectly easy myself, I made a little tent for him in the vacant place between my two fortifications, in the inside of the last and in the outside of the first; and as there was a door or entrance there into my cave, I made a formal framed doorcase, and a door to it of boards, and set it up in the passage, a little within the entrance; and causing the door to open on the inside, I barred it up in the night, taking in my ladders, too; so that Friday could no way come at me in the inside of my innermost wall without making so much noise in getting over that it must needs waken me; for my first wall had now a complete roof over it of long poles, covering all my tent, and leaning up to the side of the hill, which was again laid across with smaller sticks instead of laths, and then thatched over a great thickness with the rice-straw, which was strong, like reeds; and at the hole or place which was left to go in or out by the ladder, I had placed a kind of trap-door, which, if it had been attempted on the outside, would not have open at all, but would have fallen down, and made a great noise; and as to weapons, I took them all in to my side every night.

But I needed none of all this precaution; for never man had a more faithful, loving, sincere servant than Friday was to me; without passions, sullenness, or designs, perfectly obliged and engaged; his very affections were tied to me like those of a child to a father; and I dare say he would have sacrificed his life for the saving mine, upon any occasion whatsoever. The many testimonies he gave me of this put it out of doubt, and soon convinced me that I needed to use no precautions as to my safety on his account.

This frequently gave me occasion to observe, and that with wonder, that however it had pleased God, in His providence, and in the government of the works of His hands, to take from so great a part of the world of His creatures the best uses to which their faculties and the powers of their soul are adapted, yet that He has bestowed upon them the same powers, the same reason, the same affections, the same sentiments of kindness and obligation, the same passions and resentments of wrongs, the same sense of gratitude, sincerity, fidelity, and all the capacities of doing good, and receiving good, that He has give to us; and that when He pleases to offer to them occasions of exerting these, they are as ready, nay, more ready, to apply them to the right uses for which they were bestowed that we are. And this made me very melancholy sometimes, in reflecting, as the several occasions presented, how mean a use we make of all these, even though we have these powers enlightened by the great lamp of instruction, the Spirit of God, and by the knowledge of His Word added to our understanding; and why it has pleased God to hide the like saving knowledge from so many millions of souls, who, if I might judge by this poor savage, would make a much better use of it than we did.

Chapter 15. FRIDAY' S EDUCATION

After I had been two or three days returned to my castle, I thought that, in order to bring Friday off from his horrid way of feeding, and from the relish of a cannibal ' s stomach, I ought to let him taste other flesh; so I took him out with me one morning to the woods. I went, indeed, intending to kill a kid out of my own flock, and bring him home and dress it; but as I was going, I saw a she-goat lying down in the shade, and two young kids sitting by her. I catched hold of Friday. " Hold, " says I, " stand still, " and made signs to him not to stir. Immediately I presented my piece, shot and killed one of the kids. The poor creature, who had, at a distance indeed, seen me kill the savage, his enemy, but did not know, or could imagine, how it was done, was sensibly surprised, trembled and shook, and looked so amazed, that I thought he would have sunk down. He did not see the kid I had shot at, or perceive I had killed it, but ripped up his waistcoat to feel if he was not wounded; and, as I found presently, thought I was resolved to kill him; for he came and kneeled down to me, and embracing my knees, said a great many things I did not understand; but I could easily see that the meaning was to pray me not to kill him.

I soon found a way to convince him that I would do him no harm; and taking him up by the hand, laughed at him, and pointing to the kid which I had killed, beckoned to him to run and fetch it, which he did; and while he was wondering, and looking to see how the creature was killed, I loaded my gun again; and by and by I saw a great fowl, like a hawk, sit upon a tree, within shot; so, to let Friday understand a little what I would do, I called him to me again, pointing at the fowl, which was indeed a parrot, though I thought it had been a hawk; I say, pointing to the parrot, and to my gun, and to the ground under the parrot, to let him see I would make it fall, I made him understand that I would shoot and kill that bird. Accordingly I fired, and bade him look, and immediately he saw the parrot fall. He stood like one frighted again, notwithstanding all I had said to him; and I found he was the more amazed, because he did not see me put anything into the gun, but thought that there must be some wonderful fund of death and destruction in that thing, able to kill man, beast, bird, or anything near or far off and the astonishment this created in him was such as could not wear off for a long time; and I believe, if I would have let him, he would have worshipped me and my gun. As for the gun itself, he would not so much as touch it for several days after; but would speak to it, and talk to it, as if it had answered him, when he was by himself; which, as I afterwards learned of him, was to desire it not to kill him.

Well, after his astonishment was a little over at this, I pointed to him to run and fetch the bird I had shot, which he did, but stayed some time; for the parrot, not being quite dead, was fluttered a good way off from where she fell. However, he found her, took her up, and brought her to me; and as I had perceived his ignorance about the gun before, I took this advantage to charge the gun again, and not let him see me do it, that I might be ready for any other mark that might present. But nothing more offered at that time; so I brought home the kid, and the same evening I took the skin off, and cut it out as well as I could; and having a pot for that purpose, I boiled or stewed some of the flesh, and made some very good broth; and after I had begun to eat some, I gave some to my man, who seemed very glad of it, and liked it very well; but that which was strangest to him, was to see me eat salt with it. He made a sign to me that the salt was not good to eat, and putting a little into his own mouth, he seemed to nauseate it, and would spit and sputter at it, washing his mouth with fresh water after it. On the other hand, I took some meat in my mouth without salt, and I pretended to spit and sputter for want of salt, as fast as he had done at the salt. But it would not do; he would never care for salt with his meat or in his broth; at least, not a great while, and then but very little.

Having thus fed him with boiled meat and broth, I was resolved to feast him the next day with roasting a piece of the kid. This I did by hanging it before the fire in a string, as I had seen many people do in England, setting two poles up, one on each side of the fire, and one across on the top, and tying the string to the cross stick, letting the meat turn continually. This Friday admired very much. But when he came to taste the flesh, he took so many ways to tell me how well he liked it, that I could not but understand him; and at last he told me he would never eat man ' s flesh any more, which I was very glad to hear.

The next day I set him to work to beating some corn out, and sifting it in the manner I used to do, as I observed before; and he soon understood how to do it as well as I, especially after he had seen what the meaning of it was, and that it was to make bread of; for after that I let him see me make my bread, and bake it too; and in a little time Friday was able to do all the work for me, as well as I could do it myself.

I began now to consider that, having two mouths to feed instead of one, I must provide more ground for my harvest, and plant a larger quantity of corn than I used to do; so I marked out a larger piece of land, and began to fence in the same manner before, in which Friday not only worked very willingly and very hard, but did it very cheerfully; and I told him what it was for; that it was for corn to make more bread, because he was now with me, and that I might have enough for him and myself too. He appeared very sensible of that part, and let me know that he thought I had much more labor upon me on his account than I had for myself; and that he would work the harder for me, if I would tell him what to do.

This was the pleasantest year of all the life I led in this place. Friday began to talk pretty well, and understand the names of almost everything I had occasion to call for, and of every place I had to send him to, and talk a great deal to me; so that, in short, I began now to have some use for my tongue again, which, indeed, I had very little occasion for before, that is to say, about speech. Besides the pleasure of talking to him, I had a singular satisfaction in the fellow himself. His simple, unfeigned honesty appeared to me more and more every day, and I began really to love the creature; and, on his side, I believe he loved me more than it was possible for him ever to love anything before.

I had a mind once to try if he had any hankering inclination to his own country again; and having learned him English so well that he could answer me almost any questions, I asked him whether the nation that he belonged to never conquered in battle? At which he smiled, and said, " Yes, yes, we always fight the better; " that is, he meant, always get the better in fight; and so we began the following discourse: " You always fight the better, " said I. " How came you to be taken prisoner then, Friday? "

Friday. --My nation beat much for all that.

Master. --How beat? If your nation beat them, how came you to be taken?

Friday. --They more many than my nation in the place where me was; they take one, two, three, and me. My nation overbeat them in the yonder place, where me no was; there my nation take one, two, great thousand.

Master. --But why did not your side recover you from the hands of your enemies, then?

Friday. --They run one, two, three, and me, and make go in the canoe; my nation have no canoe that time.

Master. --Well, Friday, and what does your nation do with the men they take? Do they carry them away and eat them, as these did?

Friday. --Yes, my nation eat mans too; eat all up.

Master. --Where do they carry them?

Friday. --Go to other place, where they think.

Master. --Do they come hither?

Friday. --Yes, yes, they come hither; come other else place.

Master. --Have you been here with them?

Friday. --Yes, I been here. (Points to the NW. side of the island, which, it seems, was their side.)

By this I understood that my man Friday had formerly been among the savages who used to come on shore on the farther part of the island, on the same man-eating occasions that he was now brought for; and, some time after, when I took the courage to carry him to that side, being the same I formerly mentioned, he presently knew the place, and told me he was there once when they eat up twenty men, two women, and one child. He could not tell twenty in English, but he numbered them by laying so many stones on a row, and pointing to me to tell them over.

I have told this passage, because it introduces what follows: that after I had had this discourse with him, I asked him how far it was from our island to the shore, and whether the canoes were not often lost. He told me there was no danger, no canoes ever lost; but that, after a little way out to the sea, there was a current and a wind, always one way in the morning, the other in the afternoon.

This I understood to be no more than the sets of the tide, as going out or coming in; but I afterwards understood it was occasioned by the great draught and reflux of the mighty river Oroonoko, in the mouth or the gulf of which river, as I found afterwards, our island lay; and this land which I perceived to the W. and NW. was the great island Trinidad, on the north point of the mouth of the river. I asked Friday a thousand questions about the country, the inhabitants, the sea, the coast, and what nations were near. He told me all he knew, with the greatest openness imaginable. I asked him the names of the several nations of his sort of people, but could get no other name than Caribs; from whence I easily understood that these were the Caribbees, which our maps place on the part of America which reaches from the mouth of the River Oroonoko to Guiana, and onwards to St. Martha. He told me that up a great way beyond the moon, that was, beyond the setting of the moon, which must be W. from their country, there dwelt white-bearded men, like me, and pointed to my great whiskers, which I mentioned before; and they had killed much mans, that was his word; by all which I understood he meant the Spaniards, whose cruelties in America had been spread over the whole countries, and was remember by all the nations father to son.

I inquired if he could tell me how I might come from this island and get among those white men. He told me, " Yes, yes, I might go in two canoe. " I could riot understand what he meant, or make him describe to me what he meant by two canoe; till at last, with great difficulty, I found he meant it must be in a large great boat, as big as two canoes.

This part of Friday ' s discourse began to relish with me very well; and from this time I entertained some hopes that, one time or other, I might find an opportunity to make my escape from this place, and that this poor savage might be a means to help me to do it.

During the long time that Friday had now been with me, and that he began to sepak to me, and understand me, I was not wanting to lay a foundation of religious knowledge in his mind; particularly I asked him one time, Who made him? The poor creature did not understand me at all, but thought I had asked who was his father. But I took it by another handle, and asked him who made the sea, the ground we walked on, and the hills and woods? He told me it was one old Benamuckee, that lived beyond all. He could describe nothing of this great person, but that he was very old, much older, he said, than the sea or the land, than the moon or the stars, I asked him then, if this old person had made all things, why did not all things worship him? He looked very grave, and with a perfect look of innocence said, " All things do say O to him. " I asked him if the people who die in his country went away anywhere? He said, " Yes, they all went to Benamuckee. " Then I asked him whether these they eat up went thither too? He said " Yes. "

From these things I began to instruct him in the knowledge of the true God. I told him that the great Maker of all things lived up there, pointing up towards heaven; that He governs the world by the same power and providence by which he made it; that he was omnipotent, could do everything for us, give everything to us, take everything from us; and thus, by degrees, I opened his eyes. He listened with great attention, and received with pleasure the notion of Jesus Christ being sent to redeem us, and of the manner of making our prayers to God, and His being able to hear us, even into heaven. He told me one day that if our God could hear us up beyond the sun, He must needs be a greater God than their Benamuckee, who lived but a little way off, and yet could not hear till they went up to the great mountains where he dwelt to speak to him. I asked him if he ever went thither to speak to him? He said, " No; " they never went that were young men; none went but the old men, whom he called their Oowokakee, that is, as I made him explain it to me, their religious or clergy; and that they went to say O (so he called saying prayers), and then came back, and told them what Benamuckee said. By this I observed that there is priest-craft even amongst the most blinded, ignorant pagans in the world; and the policy of making a secret religion in order to preserve the veneration of the people to the clergy is not only to be found in the Roman, but perhaps among all religions in the world, even among the most brutish and barbarous savages.

I endeavored to clear up this fraud to my man Friday, and told him that the pretence of their old men going up to the mountains to say O to their god Benamuckee was a cheat, and their bringing word from thence what he said was much more so; that if they met with any answer, or spoke with any one there, it must be with an evil spirit; and then I entered into a long discourse with him about the devil, the original of him, his rebellion against God, his enmity to man, the reason of it, his setting himself up in the dark parts of the world to be worshipped instead of God, and as God, and the many stratagems he made use of to delude mankind to their ruin; how he had a secret access to our passions and to our affections, to adapt his snares so to our inclinations, as to cause us even to be our own tempters, and to run upon our destruction by our own choice.

I found it was not so easy to imprint right notions in his mind about the devil, as it was about the being of a God. Nature assisted all my arguments to evidence to him even the necessity of a great First Cause and overruling, governing Power, a secret directing Providence, and of the 6quity and justice of paying homage to Him that made us, and the like. But there appeared nothing of all this in the notion of an evil spirit; of his original, his being, his nature, and above all, of his inclination to do evil, and to draw us in to do so too; and the poor creature puzzled me once in such a manner by a question merely natural and innocent, that I scarcely knew what to say to him. I had been talking a great deal to him of the power of God, His omnipotence, His dreadful aversion to sin, His being a consuming fire to the workers of iniquity; how, as He had made us all, He could destroy us and all the world in a moment; and he listened with great seriousness to me all the while.

After this I had been telling him how the devil was God ' s enemy in the hearts of men, and used all his malice and skill to defeat the good designs of Providence, and to ruin the kingdom of Christ in the world, and the like. " Well, " says Friday, " but you say God is so strong, so great; is He not much strong, much might as the devil? " " Yes, yes, " says I, " Friday, God is stronger than the devil; God is above the devil, and therefore we pray to God to tread him down under our feet, and enable us to resist his temptations, and quench his fiery darts. " " But, " says he again, " if God much strong, much might as the devil, why God no kill the devil, so make him no more do wicked? "

I was strangely surprised at his question; and after all, though I was now an old man, yet I was but a young doctor, and ill enough qualified for a causist, or a solver of difficulties; and at first I could not tell what to say; so I pretended not to hear him, and asked him what he said. But he was too earnest for an answer to forget his question, so that he repeated it in the very same broken words as above. By this time I had recovered myself a little, and I said, " God will punish him severely; he is reserved for the judgment, and is to be cast into the bottomless pit, to dwell with everlasting fire. " This did not satisfy Friday; but he returns upon me, repeating my words, " Reserve at last! me no understand; but why not kill the devil now? not kill great ago? " " You may as well ask me, " said I, " why God does not kill you and I, when we do wicked things here that offend Him; we are preserved to repent and be pardoned. " He muses awhile at this. " Well, well, " says he, mighty affectionately, " that well; so you, I, devil, all wicked, all preserve, repent, God pardon all. " Here I was run down again by him to the last degree, and it was a testimony to me how the mere notions of nature, though they will guide reasonable creatures to the knowledge of a God, and of a worship or homage due to the supreme being of God, as the consequence of our nature, yet nothing by Divine revelation can from the knowledge of Jesus Christ, and of a redemption purchased for us, of a Mediator of the new covenant, and of an Intercessor at the footstool of God ' s throne; I say, nothing but a revelation from heaven can form these in the soul, and that therefore the Gospel of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, I mean the Word of God, and the Spirit of God, promised for the guide and sanctifier of His people, are the absolutely necessary instructors of the souls of men in the saving knowledge of God, and the means of salvation.

I therefore diverted the present discourse between me and my man, rising up hastily, as upon some sudden occasion of going out; then sending him for something a good way off, I seriously prayed to God that He would enable me to instruct savingly this poor savage, assisting, by His Spirit, the heart of the poor ignorant creature to receive the light of the knowledge of God in Christ, reconciling him to Himself, and would guide me to speak so to him from the Word of God as his conscience might be convinced, his eyes opened, and his soul saved. When he came again to me, I entered into a long discourse with him upon the subject of redemption of man by the Saviour of the world, and of the doctrine of the Gospel preached from heaven, viz., of repentance towards God, and faith in our blessed Lord Jesus. I then explained to him as well as I could why our blessed Redeemer took not on Him the nature of angels, but the seed of Abraham; and how, for that reason, the fallen angels had no share in the redemption; that He came only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel, and the like.

I had, God knows, more sincerity than knowledge in all the methods I took for this poor creature ' s instruction, and must acknowledge, what I believe all that act upon the same principle will find, that in laying things open to him, I really informed and instructed myself in many things that either I did not know, or had not fully considered before, but which occurred naturally to my mind upon searching into them for the information of this poor savage. And I had more affection in my inquiry after things upon this occasion than ever I felt before; so that whether this poor wild wretch was the better for me or no, I had great reason to be thankful that ever he came to me. My grief set lighter upon me, my habitation grew comfortable to me beyond measure; and when I reflected that in this solitary life which I had been confined to, I had not only been moved myself to look up to heaven, and to seek to the Hand that had brought me there, but was now to be made an instrument, under Providence, to save the life, and, for aught I know, the soul of a poor savage, and bring him to the true knowledge of religion, and of the Christian doctrine, that he might know Christ Jesus, to know whom is life eternal; —I say, when I reflected upon all these things, a secret joy run through every part of my soul, and I frequently rejoiced that ever I was brought to this place, which I had so often thought the most dreadful of all afflictions that could possibly have befallen me.

In this thankful frame I continued all the remainder of my time, and the conversation which employed the hours between Friday and I was such as made the three years which we lived there together perfectly and completely happy, if any such thing as complete happiness can be formed in a sublunary state. The savage was now a good Christian, a much better than I; though I have reason to hope, and bless God for it, that we were equally penitent, and comforted, restored penitents. We had here the Word of God to read, and no farther off from His Spirit to instruct than if we had been in England.

I always applied myself to reading the Scripture, to let him know, as well as I could, the meaning of what I read; and he again, by his serious inquiries and questions, made me, as I said before, a much better scholar in the Scripture-knowledge than I should ever have been by my own private mere reading. Another thing I cannot refrain from observing here also, from the experience in this retired part of my life, viz., how infinite and inexpressible a blessing it is that the knowledge of God, and the doctrine of salvation of Christ Jesus, is so plainly laid down in the Word of God, so easy to be received and understood; that as the bare reading the Scripture made me capable of understanding enough of my duty to carry me directly on to the great work of sincere repentance for my sins, and laying hold of a Saviour for life and salvation, to a stated reformation in practice, and obedience to all God ' s commands, and this without any teacher or instructor (I mean human); so the same plain instruction sufficiently served to the enlightening this savage creature, and bringing him to be such a Christian, as I have known few equal to him in my life.

As to all the disputes, wranglings, strife, and contention which has happened in the world about religion, whether niceties in doctrines or schemes of Church government, they were all perfectly useless to us; as, for aught I can yet see, they have been to all the rest in the world. We had the sure guide to heaven, viz., the Word of God; and we had, blessed by God! comfortable views of the Spirit of God teaching and instructing us by His Word, leading us into all truth, and making us both willing and obedient to the instruction of His Word; and I cannot see the least use that the greatest knowledge of the disputed points in religion, which have made such confusions in the world, would have been to us if we could have obtained it. But I must go on with the historical part of things, and take every part in its order.

After Friday and I became more intimately acquainted, and that he could understand almost all I said to him, and speak fluently, though in broken English, to me, I acquainted him with my own story, or at least so much of it as related to my coming into the place; how I had lived there, and how long. I let him into the mystery, for such it was to him, of gunpowder and bullet, and taught him how to shoot; I gave him a knife, which he was wonderfully delighted with, and I made him a belt, with a frog hanging to it, such as in England we wear hangers in; and in the frog, instead of a hanger, I gave him a hatchet, which was not only as good a weapon, in some cases, but much more useful upon other occasions.

I described to him the country of Europe, and particularly England, which I came from; how we lived, how we worshipped God, how we behaved to one another, and how we traded in ships to all parts of the world. I gave him an account of the wreck which I had been on board of, and showed him, as near as I could, the place where she lay; but she was all beaten in pieces before, and gone.

I showed him the ruins of our boat, which we lost when we escaped, and which I could not stir with my whole strength then, but was now fallen almost all to pieces. Upon seeing this boat, Friday stood musing a great while, and said nothing. I asked him what it was he studied upon. At last says he, " Me see such boat like come to place at my nation. "

I did not understand him a good while; but at last, when I had examined further into it, I understood by him that a boat such as that had been, came on shore upon the country where he lived; that is, as he explained it, was driven thither by stress of weather. I presently imagined that some European ship must have been cast away upon their coast, and the boat might get loose and drive ashore; but was so dull that I never once thought of men making escape from a wreck thither, much less whence they might come; so I only inquired after a description of the boat.

Friday described the boat to me well enough; but brought me better to understand him when he added with some warmth, " We save the white mans from drown. " Then I presently asked him if there was any white mans, as he called them, in the boat. " Yes, " he said, " the boat full of white mans. " I asked him how many. He told upon his fingers seventeen. I asked him then what became of them. He told me, " They live, they dwell at my nation. " Viernes lo describió bastante bien, mas no lo llegué a entender completamente hasta que añadió acaloradamente: -Nosotros salvamos hombres blancos ahogan. Entonces le pregunté si había algún hombre blanco en el bote.

This put new thoughts into my head; for I presently imagined that these might be the men belonging to the ship that was cast away in sight of my island, as I now call it; and who, after the ship was struck on the rock, and they saw her inevitably lost, had saved themselves in their boat, and were landed upon that wild shore among the savages.

Upon this I inquired of him more critically what was become of them. He assured me they lived still there; that they had been there about four years; that the savages let them alone, and gave them victuals to live. I asked him how it came to pass they did not kill them, and eat them. He said, " No, they make brother with them; " that is, as I understood him, a truce; and then he added, " They no eat mans but when make the war fight; " that is to say, they never eat any men but such as come to fight with them and are taken in battle.

It was after this some considerable time that being on the top of the hill, at the east side of the island (from whence, as I have said, I had in a clear day, discovered the main or continent of America), Friday, the weather being very serene, looks very earnestly towards the mainland, and, in a kind of surprise, falls a-jumping and dancing, and calls out to me, for I was at some distance from him. I asked him what was the matter. " O joy! " says he, " O glad! there see my country, there my nation. "

I observed an extraordinary sense of pleasure appeared in his face, and his eyes sparkled, and his countenance discovered a strange eagerness, as if he had a mind to be in his own country again; and this observation of mine put a great many thoughts into me, which made me at first not so easy about my new man Friday as I was before; and I made no doubt but that if Friday could get back to his own nation again, he would not only forget all his religion, but all his obligation to me; and woud be forward enough to give his countrymen an account of me, and come back perhaps with a hundred or two of them, and make a feast upon me, at which he might be as merry as he used to be with those of his enemies, when they were taken in war.

But I wronged the poor honest creature very much, for which I was very sorry afterwards. However, as my jealousy increased, and held me some weeks, I was a little more circumspect, and not so familiar and kind to him as before; in which I was certainly in the wrong too, the honest, grateful creature having no thought about it but what consisted with the best principles, both as a religious Christian and as a grateful friend, as appeared afterwards to my full satisfaction.

While my jealousy of him lasted, you may be sure I was every day pumping him, to see if he would discover any of the new thoughts which I suspected were in him; but I found everything he said was so honest and so innocent that I could find nothing to nourish my suspicion; and, in spite of all my uneasiness, he made me at last entirely his own again, nor did he in the least perceive that I was uneasy, and therefore I could not suspect him of deceit.

One day, walking up the same hill, but the weather being hazy at sea, so that we could not see the continent, I called to him, and said, " Friday, do not you wish yourself in your own country, your own nation? " " Yes, " he said, " I be much O glad to be at my own nation. " What would you do there? " said I. " Would you turn wild again, eat men ' s flesh again, and be a savage as you were before? " He looked full of concern, and shaking his head said, " No, no; Friday tell them to live good; tell them to pray God; tell them to eat corn-bread, cattle flesh, milk, no eat man again. " " Why then, " said I to him, " they will kill you. " He looked grave at that, and then said, " No, they no kill me, they willing love learn. " He meant by this they would be willing to learn. He added, they learned much of the bearded mans that come in the boat. Then I asked him if he would go back to them. He smiled at that, and told me he could not swim so far. I told him I would make a canoe for him. He told me he would go, if I would go with him. " I go! " says I; " why, they will eat me if I come there. " " No, no, " says he, " me make they no eat you; me make they much love you. " He meant, he would tell them how I killed his enemies, and saved his life, and so he would make them love me. Then he told me, as well as he could, how kind they were to seventeen white men, or bearded men, as he called them, who came on shore there in distress.

From this time I confess I had a mind to venture over, and see if I could possibly join with these bearded men, who, I made on doubt, were Spanish or Portuguese; not doubting but, if I could, we might find some method to escape from thence, being upon the continent, and a good company together, better than I could from an island forty miles off the shore, and alone, without help. So, after some days, I took Friday to work again, by way of discourse, and told him I would give him a boat to go back to his own nation; and accordingly I carried him to my frigate, which lay on the other side of the island, and having cleared it of water, for I always kept it sunk in the water, I brought it out, showed it to him, and we both went into it.

I found he was a most dexterous fellow at managing it, would make it go almost as swift and fast again as I could. So when he was in I said to him, " Well now, Friday, shall we go to your nation? " He looked very dull at my saying so, which, it seems, was because he thought the boat too small to go so far. I told him then I had a bigger; so the next day I went to the place where the first boat lay which I had made, but which I could not get into water. He said that was big enough; but then, as I had taken no care of it, and it had lain two or three and twenty years there, the sun had split and dried it, that it was in a manner rotten. Friday told me such a boat would do very well, and would carry " much enough victual, drink, bread; " that was his way of talking.

Chapter 16. RESCUE OF PRISONERS FROM CANNIBALS

Upon the whole, I was by this time so fixed upon my design of going over with him to the continent that I told him we would go and make one as big as that, and he should go home in it. He answered not one word, but looked very grave and sad. I asked him what was the matter with him. He asked me again thus: " Why you angry mad with Friday? What me done? " I asked him what he meant. I told him I was not angry with him at all. " No angry! no angry! " says he, repeated the words several times. " Why send Friday home away to my nation? " " Why, " says I, " Friday, did you not say you wished you were there? " " Yes, yes, " says he, " wish be both there, no wish Friday there, no master there. " In a word, he would not think of going there without me. " I go there, Friday! " says I; " what shall I do there? " He turned very quick upon me at this. " You do great deal much good, " says he; " you teach wild mans to be good, sober, tame mans; you tell them know God, pray God, and live new life. " " Alas! Friday, " says I, " thou knowest not what thou sayest. I am but an ignorant man myself. " " Yes, yes, " says he, " you teachee me good, you teachee them good. " " No, no, Friday, " says I, " you shall go without me; leave me here to live by myself, as I did before. " He looked confused again at that word, and running to one of the hatchets which he used to wear, he takes it up hastily, comes and gives it to me. " What must I do with this? " says I to him. " You take kill Friday, " says he. " What must I kill you for? " said I again. He returns very quick, " What you send Friday away for? Take kill Friday, no send Friday away. " This he spoke so earnestly that I saw tears stand in his eyes. In a word, I so plainly discovered the utmost affection in him to me, and a firm resolution in him, that I told him then, and often after, that I would never send him away from me if he was willing to stay with me.

Upon the whole, as I found by all his discourse a settled affection to me, and that nothing should part him from me, so I found all the foundation of his desire to go to his own country was laid in his ardent affection to the people, and his hopes of my doing them good; a thing which, as I had no notion of myself, so I had not the least thought or intention or desire of undertaking it. But still I found a strong inclination to my attempting an escape, as above, founded on the supposition gathered from the discourse, viz., that there were seventeen bearded men there; and, therefore, without any more delay I went to work with Friday, to find out a great tree proper to fell, and make a large periagua, or canoe, to undertake the voyage. There were trees enough in the island to have built a little fleet, not of periaguas and canoes, but even of good large vessels. But the main thing I looked at was, to get one so near the water that we might launch it when it was made, to avoid the mistake I committed at first.

At last Friday pitched upon a tree, for I found he knew much better than I what kind of wood was fittest for it; nor can I tell, to this day, what wood to call the tree we cut down, except that it was very like the tree we call fustic, or between that and the Nicaragua wood, for it was much of the same color and smell. Friday was for burning the hollow or cavity of this tree out, to make it for a boat, but I showed him how rather to cut it out with tools; which, after I had showed him how to use, he did very handily; and in about a month ' s hard labor we finished it, and made it very handsome; especially when, with our axes, which I showed him how to handle, we cut and hewed the outside into the true shape of a boat. After this, however, it cost us near a fortnight ' s time to get her along, as it were, inch by inch, upon great rollers into the water; but when she was in, she would have carried twenty men with great ease.

When she was in the water, and though she was so big, it amazed me to see with what dexterity, and how swift my man Friday would manage her, turn her, and paddle her along. So I asked him if he would, and if we might venture over in her. " Yes, " he said, " he venture over in her very well, though great blow wind. " However, I had a farther design that he knew nothing of, and that was to make a mast and sail, and to fit her with an anchor and cable. As to a mast, that was easy enough to get; so I pitched upon a straight young cedar-tree, which I found near the place, and which there was great plenty of in the island; and I set Friday to work to cut it down, and gave him directions how to shape and order it. But as to the sail, that was my particular care. I knew I had old sails, or rather pieces of old sails enough; but as I had had them now twenty-six years by me, and had not been very careful to preserve them, not imagining that I should ever have this kind of use for them, I did not doubt but they were all rotten, and, indeed, most of them were so. However, I found two pieces which appeared pretty good, and with these I went to work, and with a great deal of pains, and awkward tedious stitching (you may be sure) for want of needles, I, at length, made a three-cornered ugly thing, like what we call in England a shoulder-of-mutton sail, to go with a boom at bottom, and a little short sprit at the top, such as usually our ship ' s longboats sail with, and such as best knew how to manage; because it was such a one as I had to the boat in which I made my escape from Barbary, as related in the first part of my story.

I was near two months performing this last work, viz., rigging and fitting my masts and sails; for I finished them very complete, making a small stay, and a sail, or foresail, to it, to assist, if we should turn to windward; and, which was more than all, I fixed a rudder to the stern of her to steer with; and though I was but a bungling shipwright, yet as I knew the usefulness, and even necessity, of such a thing, I applied myself with so much pains to do it, that at last I brought it to pass; though, considering the many dull contrivances I had for it that failed, I think it cost me almost as much labor as making the boat.

After all this was done, too, I had my man Friday to teach as to what belonged to the navigation of my boat; for though he knew very well how to paddle a canoe, he knew nothing what belonged to a sail and a rudder; and was the most amazed when he saw me work the boat to and again in the sea by the rudder, and how the sail jabbed, and filled this way, or that way, as the course we sailed changed; I say, when he saw this, he stood like one astonished and amazed. However, with a little use I made all these things familiar to him, and he became an expert sailor, except that as to the compass I could make him understand very little of that. On the other hand, as there was very little cloudy weather, and seldom or never any fogs in those parts, there was the less occasion for a compass, seeing the stars were always to be seen by night, and the shore by day, except in the rainy season, and then nobody cared to stir abroad, either by land or sea.

I was now entered on the seven and twentieth year of my captivity in this place; though the three last years that I had this creature with me ought rather to be left out of the account, my habitation being quite of another kind than in all the rest of the time. I kept the anniversary of my landing here with the same thankfulness to God for His mercies as at first; and if I had such cause of acknowledgment at first, I had much more so now, having such additional testimonies of the care of Providence over me, and the great hopes I had of being effectually and speedily delivered; for I had an invincible impression upon my thoughts that my deliverance was at hand, and that I should not be another year in this place. However, I went on with my husbandry, digging, planting, fencing, as usual. I gathered and cured my grapes, and did every necessary thing as before.

The rainy season was, in the meantime, upon me, when I kept more within doors than at any other times; so I had stowed our new vessel as secure as we could, bringing her up into the creek, where, as I said in the beginning, I landed my rafts from the ship; and hauling her up to the shore at high-water mark, I made my man Friday dig a little dock, just big enough to hold her, and just deep enough to give her water enough to float in, and then, when the tide was out, we made a strong dam across the end of it, to keep the water out; and so she lay dry, as to the tide, from the sea; and to keep the rain off, we laid a great many boughs of trees, so thick, that she was well thatched as a house; and thus we waited for the month of November and December, in which I designed to make my adventure.

When the settled season began to come in, as the thought of my designed returned with the fair weather, I was preparing daily for the voyage; and the first thing I did was to lay by a certain quantity of provisions, being the stores for our voyage; and intended, in a week or a fortnight ' s time, to open the dock, and launch out our boat. I was busy one morning upon something of this kind, when I called to Friday, and bid him go to the sea-shore and see if he could find a turtle, or tortoise, a thing which we generally got once a week, for the sake of the eggs as well as the flesh. Friday had not been long gone when he came running back, and flew over my outer wall, or fence, like one that felt not the ground, or the steps he set his feet on; and before I had time to speak to him, he cries out to me, " O master! O master! O sorrow! O bad! " " What ' s the matter, Friday? " says I. " O yonder, there, " says he, " one, two, three canoe! one, two, three! " By his way of speaking, I concluded there were six; but on inquiry, I found it was but three. " Well, Friday, " says I, " do not be frighted. " So I heartened him up as well as I could. However, I saw the poor fellow was most terribly scared; for nothing ran in his head but that they were come to look for him, and would cut him in pieces, and eat him; and the poor fellow trembled so that I scarce knew what to do with him. I comforted him as well as I could, and told him I was in as much danger as he, and that they would eat me as well as him. " But, " says I, " Friday, we must resolve to fight them. Can you fight, Friday? " " Me shoot, " say he; " but there come many great number. " No matter for that, " said I again; " our guns will fright them that we do not kill. " So I asked him whether, if I resolved to defend him, he would defend me, and stand by me, and do just as I bid him. He said, " Me die when you bid die, master. " So I went and fetched a good dram of rum, and gave him; for I had been so good a husband of my rum that I had a great deal left. When he had drank it, I made him take the two fowling-pieces, which we always carried, and load them with large swan-shot, as big as small pistol-bullets. Then I took four muskets, and loaded them with two slugs and five small bullets each; and my two pistols I loaded with a brace of bullets each. I hung my great sword, as usual, naked, by my side, and gave Friday his hatchet.

When I had thus prepared myself, I took my perspective-glass and went up to the side of the hill to see what I could discover; and I found quickly, by my glass, that there were one-and-twenty savages, three prisoners, and three canoes, and that their whole business seemed to be the triumphant banquet upon these three human bodies; a barbarous feast indeed, but nothing more than, as I had observed, was usual with them.

I observed also that they were landed, not where they had done when Friday made his escape, but nearer to my creek, where the shore was low, and where a thick wood came close almost down to the sea. This, with the abhorrence of the inhuman errand these wretches came about, filled me with such indignation that I came down again to Friday, and told him I was resolved to go down to them, and kill them all, and asked him if he would stand by me. He was now gotten over his fright, and his spirits being a little raised with the dram I had given him, he was very cheerful, and told me, as before, he would die when I bid die.

In this fit of fury, I took first and divided the arms which I had charge, as before, between us. I gave Friday one pistol to stick in his girdle, and three guns upon his shoulder; and I took one pistol, and the other three myself, and in this posture we marched out. I took a small bottle of rum in my pocket, and gave Friday a large bag with more powder and bullet; and as to orders I charged him to keep close behind me, and not to stir, or shoot, or do anything, till I bid him, and in the meantime not to speak a word. In this posture I fetched a compass to my right hand of near a mile, as well to got over the creek as to get into the wood, so that I might come within shot of them before I should be discovered, which I had seen, by my glass, it was easy to do.

While I was making this march, my former thoughts returning, I began to abate my resolution. I do not mean that I entertained any fear of their number; for as they were naked, unarmed wretches, It is certain I was superior to them; nay, though I had been alone. But it occurred to my thoughts what call, what occasion, much less what necessity, I was in to go and dip my hands in blood, to attack people who had neither done or intended me any wrong; who, as to me, were innocent, and whose barbarous customs were their own disaster; being in them a token, indeed, of God ' s having left them, with the other nations of that part of the world, to such stupidity, and to such inhuman courses; but did not call me to take upon me to be a judge of their actions, much less an executioner of His justice; that whenever He thought fit, He would take the cause into His own hands, and by national vengeance, punish them, as a people, for national crimes; but that, in the meantime, it was none of my business; that, it was true, Friday might justify it, because he was a declared enemy, and in a state of war with those very particular people, and it was lawful for him to attack them; but I could not say the same with respect to me. These things were so warmly pressed upon my thoughts all the way as I went, that I resolved I would only go and place myself near them, that I might observe their barbarous feast, and that I would act then as God should direct; but that, unless something offered that was more a call to me than yet I knew of, I would not meddle with them.

With this resolution I entered the wood, and with all possible wariness and silence, Friday following close at my heels, I marched till I came to the skirt the wood, on the side which was next to them; only that one corner of the wood lay between me and them. Here I called softly to Friday, and showing him a great tree, which was just at the corner of the wood, I bade him go to the tree and bring me word if he could see there plainly what they were doing. He did so, and came immediately back to me, and told me they might be plainly viewed there; that they were all about their fire, eating the flesh of one of their prisoners, and that another lay bound upon the sand, a little from them, which, he said, they would kill next, and, which fired all the very soul within me, he told me it was not one of their nation, but one of the bearded men, whom he had told me of, that came to their country in the boat. I was filled with horror at the very naming the white, bearded man; and, going to the tree, I saw plainly, by my glass, a white man, who lay upon the beach of the sea, with his hands and feet tied with flags, or things like rushes, and that he was a European, and had clothes on.

There was another tree, and a little thicket beyond it, about fifty years nearer to them than the place where I was, which, by going a little way about, I saw I might come at undiscovered, and that then I should be within half shot of them; so I withheld my passion, though I was indeed enraged to the highest degree; and going back about twenty paces, I got behind some bushes, which held all the way till I came to the other tree; and then I came to a little rising ground, which gave me a full view of them, at the distance of about eighty yards.

I had now not a moment to lose, for nineteen of the dreadful wretches sat upon the ground, all close huddled together, and had just sent the other two to butcher the poor Christian, and bring him, perhaps limb by limb, to their fire; and they were stooped down to untie the bands at this feet. I turned to Friday. " Now, Friday, " said I, " do as I bid thee. " Friday said he would. " Then, Friday, " says I, " do exactly as you see me do; fail in nothing. " So I set down one of the muskets and the fowling-piece upon the ground, and Friday did the like by his; and with the other musket took my aim at the savages, bidding him do the like. Then asking him if he was ready, he said, " Yes. " " Then fire at them, " said I; and the same moment I fired also.

Friday took his aim so much better than I that on the side that he shot he killed two of them, and wounded three more; and on my side I killed one and wounded two. They were, you may be sure, in a dreadful consternation; and all of them who were not hurt jumped up upon their feet, but did not immediately know which way to run, or which way to look, for they knew not from whence their destruction came. Friday kept his eyes close upon me, that, as I had bid him, he might observe what I did; so as soon as the first shot was made I threw down the piece, and took up the fowling-piece, and Friday did the like. He sees me cock and present; he did the same again. " Are you ready, Friday? " said I. " Yes, " says he. " Let fly, then, " says I, " in the name of God! " and with that I fired again among the amazed wretches, and so did Friday; and as our pieces were now loaded with what I called swan-shot, or small pistol-bullets, were found only two drop, but so many were wounded that they ran about yelling and screaming like mad creatures, all bloody, and miserably wounded most of them; whereof three more fell quickly after, though not quite dead.

" Now, Friday, " says I, laying down the discharged pieces, and taking up the musket which was yet loaded, " follow me, " says I, which he did with a great deal of courage; upon which I rushed out of the wood, and showed myself, and Friday close at my foot. As soon as I perceived they saw me, I shouted as loud as I could, and bade Friday to do so too; and running as fast as I could, which, by the way, was not very fast, being loaden with arms as I was, I made directly towards the poor victim, who was, as I said, lying upon the beach, or shore, between the place where they sat and the sea. The two butchers, who were just going to work with him, had left him at the surprise of our first fire, and fled in a terrible fright to the seaside, and had jumped into a canoe, and three more of the rest made the same way. I turned to Friday, and bid him step forwards and fire at them. He understood me immediately, and running about forty yards, to be near them, he shot at them, and I thought he had killed them all, for I saw them all fall of a heap into the boat; though I saw two of them up again quickly. However, he killed two of them and wounded the third, so that he lay down in the bottom of the boat as if he had been dead.

While my man Friday fired at them, I pulled out my knife and cut the flags that bound the poor victim; and loosing his hands and feet, I lifted him up, and asked him in the Portuguese tongue what he was. He answered in Latin, Christianus; but was so weak and faint that he could scarce stand or speak. I took my bottle out of my pocket and gave it him, making signs that he should drink, which he did; and I gave him a piece of bread, which he eat. Then I asked him what countryman he was; and he said, Espagniole; and being a little recovered, let me know, by all the signs he could possibly make, how much he was in my debt for his deliverance. " Seignior, " said I, with as much Spanish as I could make up, " we will talk afterwards, but we must fight now. If you have any strength left, take this pistol and sword, and lay about you. " He took them very thankfully, and no sooner had he the arms in his hands but, as if they had put new vigor into him, he flew upon his murderers like a fury, and had cut two of them in pieces in an instant; for the truth is, as the whole was a surprise to them, so the poor creatures were so much frighted with the noise of our pieces that they fell down for mere amazement and fear, and had no power to attempt their own escape than their flesh had to resist our shot; and that was the case of those five that Friday shot at in the boat; for as three of them fell with the hurt they received, so the other two fell with the fright.

I kept my piece in my hand still without firing, being willing to keep my charge ready, because I had given the Spaniard my pistol and sword. So I called to Friday, and bade him run up to the tree from whence we first fired, and fetch the arms which lay there that had been discharged, which he did with great swiftness; and then giving him my musket, I sat down myself to load all the rest again, and bade them come to me when they wanted. While I was loading these pieces, there happened a fierce engagement between the Spaniard and one of the savages, who made at him with one of their great wooden swords, the same weapon that was to have killed him before if I had not prevented it. The Spaniard, who was as bold and brave as could be imagined, though weak, had fought this Indian a good while, and had cut him two great wounds on his head; but the savage being a stout, lusty fellow, closing in with him, had thrown him down, being faint, and was wringing my sword out of his hand, when the Spaniard, though undermost, wisely quitting the sword, drew the pistol from his girdle, shot the savage through the body, and killed him upon the spot, before I, who was running to help him, could come near him.

Friday being now left to his liberty, pursued the flying wretches with no weapon in his hand but his hatchet; and with that he despatched those three who, as I said before, were wounded at first, and fallen, and all the rest he could come up with; and the Spaniard coming to me for a gun, I gave him one of the fowling-pieces, with which he pursued two of the savages, and wounded them both; but as he was not able to run, they both got from him into the wood, where Friday pursued them, and killed one of them; but the other was too nimble for him, and though he was wounded, yet had plunged himself into the sea, and swam with all his might off to those two who were left in the canoe; which three in the canoe, with one wounded, who we know not whether he died or no, were all that escaped our hands of one and twenty. The account of the rest is as follows:      {blockquote}">3 killed at our first shot from the tree.     2 killed at the next shot.     2 killed by Friday in the boat.     2 killed by ditto, of those at first wounded.     1 killed by ditto in the wood.     3 killed by the Spaniard.     4 killed, being found dropped here and there of      their wounds, or killed by Friday in his chase of them.     4 escaped in the boat, whereof one wounded, if not dead.     21 in all.{/blockquote}">

Those that were in the canoe worked hard to get out of gunshot; and though Friday made two or three shots at them, I did not find that he hit any of them. Friday would fain have had me take one of their canoes, and pursue them; and, indeed, I was very anxious about their escape, lest carrying the news home to their people they should come back perhaps with two or three hundred of their canoes, and devour us by mere multitude. So I consented to pursue them by sea, and running to one of their canoes I jumped in, and bade Friday to follow me. But when I was in the canoe, I was surprised to find another poor creature lie there alive, bound hand and foot, as the Spaniard was, for the slaughter, and almost dead with fear, not knowing what the matter was; for he had not been able to look up over the side of the boat, he was tied so hard, neck and heels, and had been tied so long, that he had really but little life in him.

I immediately cut the twisted flags or rushes, which they had bound him with, and would have helped him up; but he could not stand or speak, but groaned most piteously, believing, it seems, still that he was only unbound in order to be killed.

When Friday came to him, I bade him speak to him, and tell him of his deliverance; and pulling out my bottle, made him give the poor wretch a dram; which, with the news of his being delivered, revived him, and he sat up in the boat. But when Friday came to hear him speak, and look in his face, it would have moved any one to tears to have seen how Friday kissed him, embraced him, hugged him, cried, laughed, hallooed, jumped about, danced, sung; then cried again, wrung his hands, beat his own face and head, and then sung and jumped about again, like a distracted creature. It was a good while before I could make him speak to me, or tell me what was the matter; but when he came a little to himself, he told me that it was his father.

It was not easy for me to express how it moved me to see what ecstasy and filial affection had worked in this poor savage at the sight of his father, and of his being delivered from death; nor, indeed, can I describe half the extravagancies of his affection after this; for he went into the boat, and out of the boat, a great many times. When he went in to him, he would sit down by him, open his breast, and hold his father ' s head close to his bosom, half an hour together, to nourish it; then he took his arms and ankles, which were numbed and stiff with the binding, and chafed and rubbed them with his hands; and I, perceiving what the case was, gave him some rum out of my bottle to rub them with, which did them a great deal of good.

This action put an end to our pursuit of the canoe with the other savages who were now gotten almost out of sight; and it was happy for us that we did not, for it blew so hard within two hours after, and before they could be gotten a quarter of their way, and continued blowing so hard all night, and that from the north-west, which was against them, that I could not suppose their boat could live, or that they ever reached to their own coast.

But to return to Friday. He was so busy about his father that I could not find in my heart to take him off for some time; but after I thought he could leave him a little, I called him to me, and he came jumping and laughing, and pleased to the highest extreme. Then I asked him if he had given his father any bread. He shook his head, and said, " None; ugly dog eat all up self. " So I gave him a cake of bread out of a little pouch I carried on purpose. I also gave him a dram for himself, but he would not taste it, but carried it to his father. I had in my pocket also two or three bunches of my raisins, so I gave him a handful of them for his father. He had no sooner given his father these raisins, but I saw him come out of the boat and run away, as if he had been bewitched, he ran as such a rate; for he was the swiftest fellow of his foot that ever I saw. I say, he run at such a rate that he was out of sight, as it were, in an instant; and though I called, and hallooed, too, after him, it was all one, away he went; and in a quarter of an hour saw him come back again, though not so fast as he went; and as he came nearer, I found his pace was slacker, because he had something in his hand.

When he came up to me, I found he had been quite home for an earthen jug, or pot, to bring his father some fresh water, and that he had got two more cakes or loaves of bread. The bread he gave me, but the water he carried to his father. However, as I was very thirsty too, I took a little sip of it. This water revived his father more than all the rum or spirits I had given him, for he was just fainting with thirst.

When his father had drank, I called to him to know if there was any water left. He said, " Yes; " and I bade him give it to the poor Spaniard, who was in as much want of it as his father; and I sent one of the cakes, that Friday brought, to the Spaniard, too, who was indeed very weak, and was reposing himself upon a green place under the shade of a tree; and whose limbs were also very stiff, and very much swelled with the rude bandage he been tied with. When I saw that upon Friday ' s coming to him with the water he sat up and drank, and took the bread, and began to eat. I went to him, and gave him a handful of raisins. He looked up in my face with all the tokens of gratitude and thankfulness that could appear in any countenance; but was so weak, notwithstanding he had so exerted himself in the fight, that he could not stand up upon his feet. He tried to do it two or three times, but was really not able, his ankles were so swelled and so painful to him; so I bade him sit still, and caused Friday to rub his ankles, and bathe them with rum, as he had done his father ' s.

I observed the poor affectionate creature, every two minutes, or perhaps less, all the while he was here, turn his head about to see if his father was in the same place and posture as he left him sitting; and at last he found he was not to be seen; at which he started up, and without speaking a word, flew with that swiftness to him, that one could scarce perceive his feet to touch the ground as he went. But when he came, he only found he had laid himself down to ease his limbs; so Friday came back to me presently, and I then spoke to the Spaniard to let Friday help him up, if he could, and lead him to the boat, and then he should carry him to our dwelling, where I would take care of him. But Friday, a lusty strong fellow, took the Spaniard quite up upon his back, and carried him away to the boat, and set him down softly upon the side of gunnel of the canoe, with his feet in the inside of it, and then lifted him quite in, and set him close to his father; and presently stepping out again, launched the boat off, and paddled it along the shore faster than I could walk, though the wind blew pretty hard, too. So he brought them both safe into our creek, and leaving them in the boat, runs away to fetch the other canoe. As he passed me, I spoke to him, and asked him whither he went. He told me, " Go fetch more boat. " So away he went like the wind, for sure never man or horse ran like him; and he had the other canoe in the creek almost as soon as I got to it by land; so he waf ted me over, and then went to help our new guests out of the boat, which he did; but they were neither of them able to walk, so that poor Friday knew not what to do.

To remedy this I went to work in my thought, and calling to Friday to bid them sit down on the bank while he came to me, I soon made a kind of hand-barrow to lay them on, and Friday and I carried them up both together upon it between us. But when we got them to the outside of our wall, or fortification, we were at a worse loss than before, for it was impossible to get them over, and I was resolved not to break it down. So I set to work again; and Friday and I, in about two hours ' time, made a very handsome tent, covered with old sails, and above that with boughs of trees, being in the space without our outward fence, and between that and the grove of young wood which I had planted; and here we made them two beds of such things as I had, viz., of good rice-straw, with blankets laid upon it to lie on, and another to cover them, on each bed.

My island was now peopled, and I thought myself very rich in subjects; and it was a merry reflection, which I frequently made, how like a king I looked. First of all, the whole country was my own mere property, so that I had an undoubted right of dominion. Secondly, my people were perfectly subjected. I was absolute lord and lawgiver; they all owned their lives to me, and were ready to lay down their lives, if there had been occasion of it, for me. It was remarkable, too, we had but three subjects, and they were of three different religions. My man Friday was a Protestant, his father was a pagan and a cannibal, and the Spaniard was a papist. However, I allowed liberty of conscience throughout my dominions. But this is by the way.

As soon as I had secured my two weak rescued prisoners, and given them shelter and a place to rest them upon, I began to think of making some provision for them; and the first thing I did, I ordered Friday to take a yearling goat, betwixt a kid and a goat, out of my particular flock, to be killed; when I cut off the hinder-quarter, and chopping it into small pieces. I set Friday to work to boiling and stewing, and made them a very good dish, I assure you, of flesh and broth, having put some barley and rice also into the broth; and as I cooked it without doors, for I made no fire within my inner wall, so I carried it all into the new tent, and having set a table there for them, I sat down and ate my own dinner also with them, and as well as I could cheered them, and encouraged them; Friday being my interpreter, especially to his father, and, indeed, to the Spaniard too; for the Spaniard spoke the language of the savages pretty well.

After we had dined, or rather supped, I ordered Friday to take one of the canoes and go and fetch our muskets and other fire-arms, which, for want of time, we had left upon the place of battle; and the next day I ordered him to go and bury the dead bodies of the savages, whch lay open to the sun, and would presently be offensive; and I also ordered him to bury the horrid remains of their barbarous feast, which I knew were pretty much, and which I could not think of doing myself; nay, I could not bear to see them, if I went that way. All which he punctually performed, and defaced the very appearance of the savages being there; so that when I went again I could scarce know where it was, otherwise than by. the corner of the wood pointing to the place.

I then began to enter into a little conversation with my two new subjects; and first, I set Friday to inquire of his father what he thought of the escape of the savages in that canoe, and whether we might expect a return of them, with a power too great for us to resist. His first opinion was, that the savages in the boat never could live out the storm which blew that night they went off, but must, of necessity, be drowned, or driven south to those other shores, where they were as sure to be devoured as they were to be drowned if they were cast away. But as to what they would do if they came safe on shore, he said he knew not; but it was his opinion that they were so dreadfully frightened with the manner of their being attacked, the noise, and the fire, that he believed they would tell their people they were all killed by thunder and lightning, not by the. hand of man; and that the two which appeared, viz., Friday and me, were two heavenly spirits, or furies, come down to destroy them, and not men with weapons. This, he said, he knew, because he heard them all cry out so in their language to one another; for it was impossible to them to conceive that a man could dart fire, and speak thunder, and kill at a distance without lifting up the hand, as was done now. And this old savage was in the right; for, as I understood since by other hands, the savages never attempted to go over to the island afterwards. They were so terrified with the accounts given by those four men (for, it seems, they did escape the sea) that they believed whoever went to that enchanted island would be destroyed with fire from the gods.

Chapter 17. VISIT OF MUTINEERS

This however, I knew not, and therefore was under continual apprehensions for a good while, and kept always upon my guard, me and all my army; for as we were now four of us, I would have ventured upon a hundred of them, fairly in the open field, at any time.

In a little time, however, no more canoes appearing, the fear of their coming wore off, and I began to take my former thoughts of a voyage to the main into consideration; being likewise assured by Friday ' s father that I might depend upon good usage from their nation, on his account, if I would go.

But my thoughts were a little suspended when I had a serious discourse with the Spaniard, and when I understood that there were sixteen more of his countrymen and Portuguese, who, having been cast away, and made their escape to that side, lived there at peace, indeed, with the savages, but were very sore put to it for necessaries, and indeed for life. I asked him all the particulars of their voyage, and found they were a Spanish ship bound from the Rio de la Plata to the Havana, being directed to leave their loading there, which was chiefly hides and silver, and to bring back what European goods they could meet with there; that they had five Portuguese seamen on board, whom they took out of another wreck; that five of their own men were drowned when the first ship was lost, and that these escaped, through infinite dangers and hazards, and arrived, almost starved, on the cannibal coast, where they expected to have been devoured every moment.

He told me they had some arms with them, but they were perfectly useless, for that they had neither powder nor ball, the washing of the sea having spoiled all their powder but a little, which they used, at their first landing, to provide themselves some food.

I asked him what he thought would become of them there, and if they had formed no design of making any escape. He said they had many consultations about it; but that having neither vessel, or tools to build one, or provisions of any kind, their councils always ended in tears and despair.

I asked him how he thought they would receive a proposal from me, which might tend towards an escape; and whether, if they were all here, it might not be done. I told him with freedom, I feared mostly their treachery and ill-usage of me if I put my life in their hands; for that gratitude was no inherent virtue in the nature of man, nor did men always square their dealings by the obligations they had received, so much as they did by the advantages they expected. I told him it would be very hard that I should be the instrument of their deliverance, and that they should afterwards make me their prisoner in New Spain, where an Englishman was certain to be made a sacrifice, what necessity or what accident soever brought him thither; and that I had rather be delivered up to the savages, and be devoured alive, than fall into the merciless claws of the priests, and be carried into the Inquisition. I added, that otherwise I was persuaded, if they were all here, we might, with so many hands, build a bark large enough to carry us all away, either to the Brazils, southward, or to the islands, or Spanish coast, northward; but that if, in requital, they should when I had put weapons into their hands, carry me by force among their own people, I might be ill used for my kindness to them, and make my case worse than it was before.

He answered, with a great deal of candor and ingenuity, that their condition was so miserable, and they were so sensible of it, that he believed they would abhor the thought of using any man unkindly that should contribute to their deliverance; and that, if pleased, he would go to them with the old man, and discourse with them about it, and return again, and bring me their answer; that he would make conditions with them upon their solemn oath that they should be absolutely under my leading, as their commander and captain; and that they should swear upon the holy sacraments and the gospel to be true to me, and to go to such Christian country as that I should agree to, and no other, and to be directed wholly and absolutely by my orders till they were landed safely in such country as I intended; and that he would bring a contract from them, under their hands, for that purpose.

Then he told me he would first swear to me himself that he would never stir from me as long as he lived till I gave him orders; and that he would take my side to the last drop of his blood, if there should happen the least breach of faith among his countrymen.

He told me they were all of them very civil, honest men, and they were under the greatest distress imaginable, having neither weapons nor clothes, nor any food, but at the mercy and discretion of the savages; out of all hopes of ever returning to their own country; and that he was sure, if I would undertake their relief, they would live and die by me.

Upon these assurances, I resolved to venture to relieve them, if possible, and to send the old savage and this Spaniard over to them to treat. But when we had gotten all things in a readiness to go, the Spaniard himself started an objection, which had so much prudence in it on one hand, and so much sincerity on the other hand, that I could not but be very well satisfied in it, and by his advice put off the deliverance of his comrades for at least half a year. The case was thus:

He had been with us now about a month, during which time I had let him see in what manner I had provided, with the assistance of Providence, for my support; and he saw evidently what stock of corn and rice I had laid up; which, as it was more than sufficient for myself, so it was not sufficient, at least without good husbandry, for my family, now it was increased to number four; but much less would it be sufficient if his countrymen, who were, as he said, fourteen, still alive, should come over; and least of all would it be sufficient to victual our vessel, if we should build one for a voyage to any of the Christian colonies of America. So he told me he thought it would be more advisable to let him and the two others dig and cultivate some more land, as much as I could spare seed to sow; and that we should wait another harvest, that we might have a supply of corn for his countrymen when they should come; for want might be a temptation to them to disagree, or not to think themselves delivered, otherwise than out of one difficulty into another. " You know, " says he, " the children of Israel, though they rejoiced at first for their being delivered out of Egypt, yet rebelled even against God Himself, that delivered them, when they came to want bread in the wilderness. "

His caution was so reasonable, and his advice so good, that I could not but be very well pleased with his proposal, as well as I was satisfied with his fidelity. So we fell to digging all four of us, as well as the wooden tools we were furnished with permitted; and in about a month ' s time, by the end of which it was seed-time, we had gotten as much land cured and trimmed up as we sowed twenty-two bushels of barley on, and sixteen jars of rice; which was, in short, all the seed we had to spare; nor, indeed, did we leave ourselves barley sufficient for our own food for the six months that we had to expect our crop; that is to say, reckoning from the time we set our seed aside for sowing; for it is not to be supposed it is six months in the ground in that country.

Having now society enough, and our numbers being sufficient to put us out of fear of the savages, if they had come, unless their number had-been very great, we went freely all over the island, wherever we found occasion; and as here we had our escape or deliverance upon our thoughts, it was impossible, at least for me, to have the means of it out of mine. To this purpose, I marked out several trees which I thought fit for our work, and I set Friday and his father to cutting them down; and then I caused the Spaniard, to whom I imparted my thought on that affair, to oversee and direct their work. I showed them with what indefatigable pains I had hewed a large tree into single planks, and I caused them to do the like, till they had made about a dozen large planks of good oak, near two feet broad, thirty-five feet long, and from two inches to four inches thick. What prodigious labor it took up, any one may imagine.

At the same time I contrived to increase my little flock of tame goats as much as I could; and to this purpose I made Friady and the Spaniard go out one day, and myself with Friday the next day, for we took our turns, and by this means we got above twenty young kids to breed up with the rest; for whenever we shot the dam, we saved the kids, and added them to our flock. But above all, the season for curing the grapes coming on, I caused such a prodigious quantity to be hung up in the sun, that I believe had we been at Alicant, where the raisins of the sun are cured, we could have filled sixty or eighty barrels; and these, with our bread, was a great part of our food, and very good living too, I assure you; for it is an exceeding nourishing food.

It was now harvest, and our crop in good order. It was not the most plentiful increase I had seen in the island, but however, it was enough to answer our end; for from our twenty-two bushels of barley we brought in and thrashed out above two hundred and twenty bushels, and the like in proportion of the rice; which was store enough for our food to the next harvest, though all the sixteen Spaniards had been on shore with me; or if we had been ready for a voyage, it would very plentifully have victualled our ship to have carried us to any part of the world, that is to say, of America.

When we had thus housed and secured our magazine of corn, we fell to work to make more wicker-work, viz., great baskets, in which we kept it; and the Spaniard was very handy and dextrous at this part, and often blamed me that I did not make some things for defence of this kind of work; but I saw no need of it.

And now having a full supply of food for all the guests I expected, I gave the Spaniard leave to go over to the main, to see what he could do with those he had left behind him there. I gave him strict charge in writing not to bring any man with him who would not first swear, in the presence of himself and of the old savage, that he would no way injure, fight with, or attack the person he should find in the island, who was so kind to send for them in order to their deliverance; but that they would stand by and defend him against all such attempts, and they went would be entirely under and subjected to his commands; and that this should be put in writing, and signed with their hands. How we were to have this done, when I knew they had neither pen nor ink, that indeed was a question which we never asked.

Under these instructions, the Spaniard and the old savage, the father of Friday, went away in one of the canoes which they might be said to come in, or rather were brought in, when they came as prisoners to be devoured by the savages.

I gave each of them a musket, with a firelock on it, and about eight charges of powder and ball, charging them to be very good husbands of both, and not to use either of them but upon urgent occasion.

This was a cheerful work, being the first measures used by me, in view of my deliverance, for now twenty-seven years and some days. I gave them provisions of bread and of dried grapes sufficient for themselves for many days, and sufficient for all their countrymen for about eight days ' time; and wishing them a good voyage, I see them go, agreeing with them about a signal they should hang out at their return, by which I should know them again, when they came back, at a distance, before they came on shore.

They went away with a fair gale on the day that the moon was at full, by my account in the month of October, but as for an exact reckoning of days, after I had once lost it, I could never recover it again; nor had I kept even the number of years so punctually as to be sure that I was right, though as it proved, when I afterwards examined my account, I found I had kept a true reckoning of years.

It was no less than eight days I had waited for them, when a strange and unforeseen accident intervened, of which the like has not perhaps been heard of in history. I was fast asleep in my hutch one morning, when my man Friday came running in to me, and called aloud, " Master, master, they are come, they are come! "

I jumped up, and regardless of danger, I went out as soon as I could get my clothes on, through my little grove, which, by the way, was by this time grown to be a very thick wood; I say, regardless of danger, I went without my arms, which was not my custom to do; but I was surprised when, turning my eyes to the sea, I presently saw a boat at about a league and half ' s distance standing in for the shore, with a shoulder-of-mutton sail, as they call it, and the wind blowing pretty fair to bring them in; also I observed presently that they did not come from that side which the shore lay on, but from the southernmost end of the island. Upon this I called Friday in, and bid him lie close, for these were not the people we looked for, and that we might not know yet whether they were friends or enemies.

In the next place, I went in to fetch my perspective-glass, to see what I could make of them; and having taken the ladder out, I climbed up to the top of the hill, as I used to do when I was apprehensive of anything, and to take my view the plainer, without being discovered.

I had scarce set my foot on the hill, when my eye plainly discovered a ship lying at an anchor at about two leagues and a half ' s distance from me, south-southeast, but not above a league and a half from the shore. By my observation, it appeared plainly to be an English ship, and the boat appeared to be an English longboat.

I cannot express confusion I was in; though the joy of seeing a ship, and one who I had reason to believe was manned by my own countrymen, and consequently friends, was such as I cannot describe. But yet I had some secret doubts hung about me, I cannot tell from whence they came, bidding me keep upon my guard. In the first place, it occurred to me to consider what business an English ship could have in that part of the world, since it was not the way to or from any part of the world where the English had any traffic; I knew there had been no storms to drive them in there, as in distress; and that if they were English really, it was most probable that they were here upon no good design, and that I had better continue as I was than fall into the hands of thieves and murderers.

Let no man despise he secret hints and notices of danger which sometimes are given him when he may think there is no possibility of its being real. That such hints and notices are given us, I believe few that have made any observations of things can deny; that they are certain discoveries of an invisible world, and a converse of spirits, we cannot doubt; and if the tendency of them seems to be warn us of danger, why should we not suppose they are from some friendly agent, whether surperme, or inferior and subordinate, is not the question, and that they are given for our good?

The present question abundantly confirms me in the justice of this reasoning; for had I not been made cautious by this secret admonition, come it from whence it will, I had been undone inevitably, and in a far worse condition than before, as you will see presently.

I had not kept myself long in this posture, but I saw the boat draw near the shore, as if they looked for a creek to thrust in at, for the convenience of landing. However, as they did not come quite far enough, they did not see the little inlet where I formerly landed my rafts; but run their boat on shore upon the beach, at about half a mile from me, which was very happy for me; for otherwise they would have landed just, as I may say, at my door, and would soon have beaten me out of my castle, and perhaps have plundered me of all I had.

When they were on shore, I was fully satisfied that they were Englishmen, at least most of them; one or two I thought were Dutch, but it did not prove so. There were in all eleven men, whereof three of them I found were unarmed, and, as I thought, bound; and when the first four or five of them were jumped on shore, they took those three out of the boat, as prisoners. One of the three I could perceive using the most passionate gestures of entreaty, affliction, and despair, even to a kind of extravagance; the other two, I could perceive, lifted up their hands sometimes, and appeared concerned indeed, but not to such a degree as the first.

I was perfectly confounded at the sight, and knew not what the meaning of it should be. Friday called out to me in English as well as he could, " O master! you see English mans eat prisoner as well as savage mans. " " Why, " says I, " Friday, do you think they are agoing to eat them then? " " Yes, " says Friday, " they will eat them. " " No, no, " says I, " Friday, I am afraid they will murder them indeed, but you may be sure they will not eat them. "

All this while I had no thought of what the matter really was, but stood trembling with the horror of the sight, expecting every moment when the three prisoners should be killed; nay, once I saw one of the villains lift up his arm with a great cutlass, as the seamen call it, or sword, to strike one of the poor men; and I expected to see him fall every moment, at which all the blood in my body seemed to run chill in my veins.

I wished heartily now for my Spaniard, and the savage that was gone with him; or that I had any way to have come undiscovered within shot of them, that I might have rescued the three men, for I saw no fire-arms they had among them; but it fell out to my mind another way.

After I had observed the outrageous usage of the three men by the insolent seamen, I observed the fellows run scattering about the land, as if they wanted to see the country. I observed that the three other men had liberty to go also where they pleased; but they sat down all three upon the ground, very pensive, and looked like men in despair.

This put me in mind of the first time when I came on shore, and began to look about me; how I gave myself over for lost; how wildly I looked round me; what dreadful apprehensions I had; and how I lodged in the tree all night, for fear of being devoured by wild beasts.

As I knew nothing that night of the supply I was to receive by the providential driving of the ship nearer the land by the storms and tide, by which I have since been so long nourished and supported; so these three poor desolate men knew nothing how certain of deliverance and supply they were, how near it was to them, and how effectually and really they were in a condition of safety, at the same time that they thought themselves lost, and their case desperate.

So little do we see before us in the world, and so much reason have we to depend cheerfully upon the great Maker of the world, that He does not leave His creatures so absolutely destitute, but that, in the worst circumstances, they have always something to be thankful for, and sometimes are nearer their deliverance than they imagine; nay, are even brought to their deliverance by the means by which they seem to be brought to their destruction.

It was just at the top of high-water when these people came on shore; and while partly they stood parleying with the prisoners they brought, and partly while they rambled about to see what kind of a place they were in, they had carelessly stayed till the tide was spent, and the water was ebbed considerably away, leaving their boat aground.

They had left two men in the boat, who, as I found afterwards, having drank a little too much brandy, fell asleep. However, one of them waking sooner than the other, and finding the boat too fast aground for him to stir it, hallooed for the rest, who were straggling about, upon which they all soon came to the boat; but it was past all their strength to launch her, the boat being very heavy, and the shore on that side being a soft oozy sand, almost like a quicksand.

In this condition, like true seamen, who are perhaps the least of all mankind given to forethought, they gave it over, and away they strolled about the country again; and I heard one of them say aloud to another, calling them off from the boat, " Why, let her alone, Jack, can ' t ye? she will float next tide; " by which I was fully confirmed in the main inquiry of what countrymen they were.

All this while I kept myself very close, not once daring to stir out of my castle, any farther than to my place of observation near the top of the hill; and very glad I was to think how well it was fortified. I knew it was no less than often hours before the boat could be on float again, and by that time it would be dark, and I might be at more liberty to see their motions, and to hear their discourse, if they had any.

In the meantime, I fitted myself up for a battle, as before, though with more caution, knowing I had to do with another kind of enemy than I had at first. I ordered Friday also, whom I had an excellent marksman with his gun, to load himself with arms. I took myself two fowling-pieces, and I gave him three muskets. My figure, indeed, was very fierce. I had my formidable goat-skin coat on, with the great cap I have mentioned, a naked sword by my side, two pistols in my belt, and a gun upon each shoulder.

It was my design, as I said above, not to have made any attempt till it was dark; but about two o ' clock, being the heat of the day, I found that, in short, they were all gone straggling into the woods, and, as I thought, were laid down to sleep. The three poor distressed men, too anxious for their condition to get any sleep, were, however, set down under the shelter of a great tree, at about a quarter of a mile from me, and, as I thought, out of sight of any of the rest.

Upon this I resolved to discover myself to them, and learn something of their condition. Immediately I marched in the figure as above, my man Friday at a good distance behind me, as formidable for his arms as I, but not making quite so staring a spectre-like figure as I did.

I came as near them undiscovered as I could, and then, before any of them saw me, I called aloud to them in Spanish, " What are ye, gentlemen? "

They started up at the noise, but were often times more confounded when they saw me, and the uncouth figure that I made. They made no answer at all, but I thought I perceived them just going to fly from me, when I spoke to them in English. " Gentlemen, " said I, " do not be surprised at me; perhaps you may have a friend near you, when you did not expect it. " " He must be sent directly from heaven, then, " said one of them very gravely to me, and pulling off his hat at the same time to me, " for our condition is past the help of man. " " All help is from heaven, sir, " said I. " But can you put a stranger in the way how to help you, for you seem to me to be in some great distress? I saw you when you landed; and when you seemed to make applications to the brutes that came with you, I saw one of them lift up his sword to kill you. "

The poor man, with tears running down his face, and trembling, looking like one astonished, returned, " Am I talking to God, or man? Is it a real man, or an angel? " " Be in no fear about that, sir, " said I. " If God had sent an angel to relieve you, he would have come better clothed, and armed after another manner than you see me in. Pray lay aside your fears; I am a man, an Englishman, and disposed to assist you, you see. I have one servant only; we have arms and ammunition; tell us freely, can we serve you? What is your case? "

" Our case, " said he, " sir, is too long to tell you while our murderers are so near; but in short, sir, I was commander of that ship; my men have mutinied against me, they have been hardly prevailed on not to murder me; and at last have set me on shore in this desolate place, with these two men with me, one my mate, the other a passenger, where we expected to perish, believing the place to be uninhabited, and know not yet what to think of it. "

" Where are those brutes, your enemies? " said I. " Do you know where they are gone? " " There they lie, sir, " said he, pointing to a thicket of trees. " My heart trembles for fear they have seen us, and heard you speak. If they have, they will certainly murder us all. "

" Have they any fire-arms? " said I. He answered they had only two pieces, and one which they left in the boat. " Well then, " said I, " leave the rest to me, I see they are all asleep; it is an easy thing to kill them all; but shall we rather take them prisoners? " He told me there were two desperate villains among them that it was scarce safe to show any mercy to; but if they were secured, he believed all the rest would return to their duty. I asked him which they were. He told me he could not at that distance describe them, but he would obey my order in anything I would direct. " Well, " says I, " let us retreat out of their view or hearing, lest they awake, and we will resolve further. " So they willingly went back with me, till the woods covered us from them.

" Look you, sir, " said I, " if I venture upon your deliverance, are you willing to make two conditions with me? " He anticipated my proposals by telling me that both he and the ship, if recovered, should be wholly directed and commanded by me in everything; and if the ship was not recovered he would live and die with me in what part of the world soever I would send him; and the two other men said the same.

" Well, " says I, " my conditions are but two. 1. That while you stay on this island with me, you will not pretend to any authority here; and if I put arms into your hands, you will, upon all occasions, give them up to me, and do no prejudice to me or mine upon this island; and in the meantime be governed by my orders. 2. That if the ship is, or may be, recovered, you will carry me and my man to England, passage free. "

He gave me all the assurances that the invention and faith of man could devise that he would comply with these most reasonable demands; and, besides, would owe his life to me, and acknowledge it upon all occasions, as long as lived.

" Well then, " said I, " here are three muskets for you, with powder and ball; tell me next what you think is proper to be done. " He showed all the testimony of his gratitude that he was able, but offered to be wholly guided by me. I told him I thought it was hard venturing anything; but the best method I could think of was to fire upon them at once, as they lay; and if any was not killed at the first volley, and offered to submit, we might save them, and so put it wholly upon God ' s providence to direct the shot.

He said very modestly that he was loth to kill them if he could help it, but that those two were incorrigible villains, and had been the authors of all the mutiny in the ship, and if they escaped, we should be undone still; for they would go on board and bring the whole ship ' s company, and destroy us all. " Well then, " says I, " necessity legitimates my advice, for it is the only way to save our lives. " However, seeing him still cautious of shedding blood, I told him they should go themselves, and manage as they found convenient.

In the middle of this discourse we heard some of them awake, and soon after we saw two of them on their feet. I asked him if either of them were of the men who he had said were the heads of the mutiny. He said, " No. " " Well then, " said I, " you may let them escape; and Providence seems to have wakened them on purpose to save themselves. Now, " says I, " if the rest escape you, it is your fault. "

Animated with this, he took the musket I had given him in his hand, and a pistol in his belt, and his two comrades with him, with each man a piece in his hand. The two men who were with him going first made some noise, at which one of the seamen who was awake turned about, and seeing them coming cried out to the rest; but it was too late then, for the moment he cried out they fired, I mean the two men, the captain wisely reserving his own piece. They had so well aimed their shot at the men they knew, that one of them was killed on the spot, and the other very much wounded; but not being dead, he started up upon his feet, and called eagerly for help to the other. But the captain stepping to him, told him It was too late to cry for help, he should call upon God to forgive his villainy; and with that word knocked him down with the stock of his musket, so that he never spoke more. There were three more in the company, and one of them was also slightly wounded. By this time I was come; and when they saw their danger, and that it was in vain to resist, they begged for mercy. The captain told them he would spare their lives if they would give him any assurance of their abhorrence of the treachery they had been guilty of, and would swear to be faithful him in recovering the ship, and afterwards in carrying her back to Jamaica, from whence they came. They gave him all the protestations of their sincerity that could be desired, and he was willing to believe them, and spare their lives, which I was not against, only I obliged him to keep them bound hand and foot while they were upon the island.

While this was doing, I sent Friday with the captain ' s mate to the boat, with orders to secure her, and bring away the oars and sail, which they did; and by and by three straggling men that were (happily for them) parted from the rest, came back upon hearing the guns fired; and seeing their captain, who before was their prisoner, now their conqueror, they submitted to be bound also, and so our victory was complete.

It now remained that the captain and I should inquire into one another ' s circumstances. I began first, and told him my whole history, which he heard with an attention even to amazement; and particularly at the wonderful manner of my being furnished with provisions and ammunition; and, indeed, as my story is a whole collection of wonders, it affected him deeply. But when he reflected from thence upon himself, and how I seemed to have been preserved there on purpose to save his life, the tears ran down his face, and he could not speak a word more.

After this communication was at an end I carried him and his two men into my apartment, leading them in just where I came out, viz., at the top of the house, where I refreshed them with such provisions as I had, and showed them all the contrivances I had made during my long, long inhabiting that place.

All I showed them, all I said to them, was perfectly amazing; but above all, the captain admired my fortification, and how perfectly I had concealed my retreat with a grove of trees, which, having been now planted near twenty years, and the trees growing much faster than in England, was become a little wood, and so thick that it was unpassable in any part of it but at that one side where I had reserved my little winding passage into it. I told him this was my castle and my residence, but that I had a seat in the country, as most princes have, whither I could retreat upon occasion, and I would show him that, too, another time; but at present our business was to consider how to recover the ship. He agreed with me as to that, but told me he was perfectly at a loss what measures to take, for that there were still six and twenty hands on board, who having entered into a cursed conspiracy, by which-they had all forfeited their lives to the law, would be hardened in it now by desperation, and would carry it on, knowing that if they were reduced they should be brought to the gallows as soon as they came to England, or to any of the English colonies; and that therefore there would be no attacking them with so small a number as we were.

I mused for some time upon what he said, and found it was a very rational conclusion, and that therefore something was to be resolved on very speedily, as well to draw the men on board into some snare for their surprise as to prevent their landing upon us, and destroying us. Upon this it presently occurred to me that in a while the ship ' s crew, wondering what was become of their comrades and of the boat, would certainly come on shore in their other boat to see for them; and that then, perhaps, they might come armed, and be too strong for us. This he allowed was rational.

Upon this, I told him the first thing we had to do was to stave the boat, which lay upon the beach, so that they might not carry her off; and taking everything out of her, leave her so far useless as not to be fit to swim. Accordingly we went on board, took the arms which were left on board out of her, and whatever else we found there, which was a bottle of brandy, and another of rum, a few biscuit-cakes, a horn of powder, and a great lump of sugar in a piece of canvas- the sugar was five or six pounds; all which was very welcome to me, especially the brandy and sugar, of which I had had none left for many years.

When we had carried all these things on shore (the oars, mast, sail, and rudder of the boat were carried away before, as above), we knocked a great hole in her bottom that if they had come strong enough to master us, yet they could not carry off the boat.

Indeed, it was not much in my thoughts that we could be able to recover the ship; but my view was, that if they went away without the boat I did not much question to make her fit again to carry us away to the Leeward Islands, and call upon our friends the Spaniards in my way; for I had them still in my thoughts.

Chapter 18. THE SHIP RECOVERED

While we were thus preparing our designs, and had first, by main strength, heaved the boat up upon the beach so high that the tide would not fleet her off at high-water mark; and besides, had broke a hole in her bottom too big to be quickly stopped, and were sat down musing what we should do, we heard the ship fire a gun, and saw her make a waft with her ancient as a signal for the boat to come on board. But no boat stirred; and they fired several times, making other signals for the boat.

At last, when all their signals and firings proved fruitless, and they found the boat did not stir, we saw them, by the help of my glasses, hoist another boat out, and row towards the shore; and we found, as they approached, that there was no less than often men in her, and that they had fire-arms with them.

As the ship lay almost two leagues from the shore, we had a full view of them " as they came, and a plain sight of the men, even of their faces; because the tide having set them a little to the east of the other boat, they rowed up under shore, to come to the same place where the other had landed, and where the boat lay.

By this means, I say, we had a full view of them, and the captain knew the persons and characters of all the men in the boat, of whom he said that there were three very honest fellows, who, he was sure, were led into this conspiracy by the rest, being overpowered and frighted; but that was for the boatswain who, it seems, was the chief officer among them, and all the rest, they were as outrageous as any of the ship ' s crew, and were no doubt made desperate in their new enterprise; and terribly apprehensive he was that they would be too powerful for us.

I smiled at him, and told him that men in our circumstances were past the operation of fear; that seeing almost every condition that could be was better than that which we were supposed to be in, we ought to expect that the consequence, whether death or life, would be sure to be a deliverance. I asked him what he thought of the circumstances of my life, and whether a deliverance were not worth venturing for. " And where, sir, " said I, " is your belief of my being preserved here on purpose to save your life, which elevated you a little while ago? For my part, " said I, " there seems to be but one thing amiss in all the prospect of it. " " What ' s that? " says he. " Why, " said I, It is that, as you say, there are three or four honest fellows among them which should be spared; had they been all of the wicked part of the crew I should have thought God ' s providence had singled them out to deliver them into your hands; for depend upon it, every man of them that comes ashore are our own, and shall die or live as they behave to us. "

As I spoke this with a raised voice and cheerful countenance, I found it greatly encouraged him; so we set vigorously to our business. We had, upon the first appearance of the boat ' s coming from the ship, considered of separating our prisoners, and had, indeed, secured them effectually.

Two of them, of whom the captain was less assured than ordinary, I sent with Friday and one of the three delivered men to my cave, where they were remote enough, and out of danger of being heard or discovered, or of finding their way out of the woods, if they could have delivered themselves. Here they left them bound, but gave them provisions, and promised them, if they continued there quietly, to give them their liberty in a day or two; but that if they attempted their escape, they should be put to death without mercy. They promised faithfully to bear their confinement with patience, and were very thankful that they had such good usage as to have provisions and a light left them; for Friday gave them candles (such as we made ourselves) for their comfort; and they did not know but that he stood sentinel over them at the entrance.

The other prisoners had better usage. Two of them were kept pinioned, indeed, because the captain was not free to trust them; but the other two were taken into my service, upon the captain ' s recommendation, and upon their solemnly engaging to live and die with us; so with them and the three honest men we were seven men well armed; and I made no doubt we should be able to deal well enough with the ten that were a-coming, considering that the Captain had said there were three or four honest men among them also.

As soon as they got to the place where their other boat lay, they ran their boat into the beach, and came all on shore, hauling the boat up after them, which I was glad to see; for I was afraid they would rather have left the boat at an anchor some distance from the shore, with some hands in her to guard her, and so we should not be able to seize the boat.

Being on shore, the first thing they did they ran all to their other boat; and it was easy to see that they were under a great surprise to find her, stripped, as above, of all that was in her, and a great hole in her bottom.

After they had mused a while upon this, they set up two or three great shouts, hallooing with all their might, to try if they could make their companions hear; but all was to no purpose. Then they came all close in a ring, and fired a volley of their small-arms, which, indeed, we heard, and the echoes made the woods ring. But it was all one; those in the cave we were sure could not hear, and those in our keeping, though they heard it well enough, yet durst give no answer to them.

They were so astonished at the surprise of this, that, as they told us afterwards, they resolved to go all on board again, to their ship, and let them know there that the men were all murdered, and the longboat staved. Accordingly, they immediately launched their boat again, and got all of them on board.

The captain was terribly amazed, and even confounded at this, believing they would go on board the ship again, and set sail, giving their comrades for lost, and so he should still lose the ship, which he was in hopes we should have recovered; but he was quickly as much frighted the other way.

They had not been long put off with the boat but we perceived them all coming on shore again; but with this new measure in their conduct, which it seems they consulted together upon, viz., to leave three men in the boat, and the rest to go on shore, and go up into the country to look for their fellows.

This was a great disappointment to us, for now we were at a loss what to do; for our seizing those seven men on shore would be no advantage to us if we let the boat escape, because they would then row away to the ship, and then the rest of them would be sure to weigh and set sail, and so our recovering the ship would be lost. However, we had no remedy but to wait and see what the issue of things might present. The seven men came on shore, and the three who remained in the boat put her off to a good distance from the shore, and came to an anchor to wait for them; so that it was impossible for us to come at them in the boat.

Those that came on shore kept close together, marching towards the top of the little hill under which my habitation lay; and we could see them plainly, though they could not perceive us. We could have been very glad they would have come nearer to us, so that we might have fired at them, or that they would have gone farther off, that we might have come abroad.

But when they were come to the brow of the hill, where they could see a great way into the valleys and woods which lay towards the northeast part, and where the island lay lowest, they shouted and hallooed till they were weary; and not caring, it seems, to venture far from the shore, nor far from one another, they sat down together under a tree, to consider of it. Had they thought fit to have gone to sleep there, as the other party of them had done, they had done the job for us; but they were too full of apprehensions of danger to venture to go to sleep, though they could not tell what the danger was they had to fear neither.

The captain made a very just proposal to me upon this consultation of theirs, viz., that perhaps they would all fire a volley again, to endeavor to make their fellows hear, and that we should all sally upon them, just at the juncture when their pieces were all discharged, and they would certainly yield, and we should have them without bloodshed. I liked the proposal, provided it was done while we were near enough to come up to them before they could load their pieces again.

But this event did not happen, and we lay still a long time, very irresolute what course to take. At length I told them there would be nothing to be done, in my opinion, till night; and then, if they did not return to the boat, perhaps we might find a way to get between them and the shore, and so might use some stratagem with them in the boat to get them on shore.

We waited a great while, though very impatient for their removing; and were very uneasy when, after long consultations, we saw them start all up, and march down towards the sea. It seems they had such dreadful apprehensions upon them of the danger of the place that they resolved to go on board the ship again, give their companions over for lost, and so go on with their intended voyage with the ship.

As soon as I perceived them go towards the shore, I imagined it to be, as it really was, that they had given over their search, and were for going back again; and the captain, as soon as I told him my thoughts, was ready to sink at the apprehensions of it; but I presently thought of a stratagem to fetch them back again, and which answered my end to a tittle.

I ordered Friday and the captain ' s mate to go over the little creek westward, towards the place where the savages came on shore when Friday was rescued, and as soon as they came to a little rising ground, at about half a mile distance. I bade them halloo as loud as they could, and wait till they found the seamen heard them; that as soon as ever they heard the seamen answer them, they should return it again; and then keeping out of sight, take a round, always answering when the other hallooed, to draw them as far into the island, and among the woods, as possible, and then wheel about again to me by such ways as I directed them.

They were just going into the boat when Friday and the mate hallooed; and they presently heard them, and answering, run along the shore westward, towards the voice they heard, when they were presently stopped by the creek, where the water being up, they could not get over, and called for the boat to come up and set them over, as, indeed, I expected.

When they hid set themselves over, I observed that the boat being gone up a good way into the creek, and, as it were, in a harbor within the land, they took one of the three men out of her to go along with them, and left only two in the boat, having fastened her to the stump of a little tree on the shore.

This was what I wished for; and immediately leaving Friday and the captain ' s mate to their business, I took the rest with me, and crossing the creek out of their sight, we surprised the two men before they were aware; one of them lying on shore, and the other being in the boat. The fellow on shore was between sleeping and waking, and going to start up. The captain, who was foremost, ran in upon him, and knocked him down, and then called out to him in the boat to yield, or he was a dead man.

There needed very few arguments to persuade a single man to yield when he saw five men upon him, and his comrade knocked down; besides, this was, it seems, one of the three who were not so hearty in the mutiny as the rest of the crew, and therefore was easily persuaded, not only to yield, but afterwards to join very sincerely with us.

In the meantime, Friday and the captain ' s mate so well managed their business with the rest, that they drew them, by hallooing and answering, from one hill to another, and from one wood to another, till they not only heartily tired them, but left them where they were very sure they could not reach back to the boat before it was dark; and, indeed, they were heartily tired themselves also by the time they came back to us.

We had nothing now to do but to watch for them in the dark, and to fall upon them, so as to make sure work with them.

It was several hours after Friday came back to me before they came back to their boat; and we could hear the foremost of them, long before they came quite up, calling to those behind to come along, and could also hear them answer and complain how lame and tired they were, and not able to come any faster; which was very welcome to us.

At length they came up to the boat; but It is impossible to express their confusion when they found the boat fast aground in the creek, the tide ebbed out, and their two men gone. We could hear them call to one another in a most lamentable manner, telling one another they were gotten into an enchanted island; that either there were inhabitants in it, and they should all be murdered, or else there were devils and spirits in it, and they should all be carried away and devoured.

They hallooed again, and called their two comrades by their names a great many times; but no answer. After some time we could see them, by the little light there was, run about, wringing their hands like men in despair, and that sometimes they would go and sit down in the boat to rest themselves; then come ashore again and walk about again, and so the same thing over again.

My men would fain have me give them leave to fall upon them at once in the dark; but I was willing to take them at some advantage, so to spare them, and kill as few of them as I could; and especially I was unwilling to hazard the killing any of our own men, knowing the other were very well armed. I resolved to wait, to see if they did not separate; and, therefore, to make sure of them, I drew my ambuscade nearer, and ordered Friday and the captain to creep upon their hands and feet, as close to the ground as they could, that they might not be discovered, and get as near them as they could possibly, before they offered to fire.

They had not been long in that posture but that the boatswain, who was the principal ringleader of the mutiny, and had now shown himself the most dejected and dispirited of all the rest, came walking towards them, with two more of their crew. The captain was so eager, as having this principal rogue so much in his power that he could hardly have patience to let him come so near as to be sure of him, for they only heard his tongue before, but when they came nearer, the captain and Friday, starting up on their feet, let fly at them.

The boatswain was killed upon the spot; the next man was shot into the body, and fell just by him, though he did not die till an hour or two after; and the third ran for it.

At the noise of the fire I immediately advanced with my whole army, which was now eight men, viz., myself, generalissimo, Friday, my lieutenant-general; the captain and his two men, and the three prisoners of war, whom we had trusted with arms.

We came upon them, indeed, in the dark, so that they could not see our number; and I made the man we had left in the boat, who was now one of us, call to them by name, to try if I could bring them to a parley, and so might perhaps reduce them to terms, which fell out just as we desired; for indeed it was easy to think, as their condition then was, they would be very willing to capitulate. So he calls out as loud as he could to one of them, " Tom Smith! Tom Smith! " Tom Smith answered immediatelys " Who ' s that? Robinson? " For it seems he knew his voice. The other answered, " Ay, ay; for God ' s sake, Tom Smith, throw down your arms and yield, or you are all dead men this moment. "

" Who must we yield to? What are they? " says Smith again. " Here they are, " says he; " here ' s our captain and fifty men with him, have been hunting you this two hours; the boatswain is killed, Will Frye is wounded, and I am a prisoner; and if you do not yield, you are all lost. "

" Will they give us quarter, then, " says Tom Smith, " and we will yield? " " I ' ll go and ask, if you promise to yield, " says Robinson. So he asked the captain, and the captain then calls himself out, " You, Smith, you know my voice, if you lay down your arms immediately and submit, you shall have your lives, all but Will Atkins. "

Upon this Will Atkins cried out, " For God ' s sake, captain, give me quarter; what have I done? They have been all as bad as I; " which, by the way, was not true neither; for it seems this Will Atkins was the first man that laid hold of the captain when they first mutinied, and used him barbarously, in tying his hands, and giving him injurious language. However, the captain told him he must lay down his arms at discretion, and trust to the governor ' s mercy; by which he meant me, for they all called me governor.

In a word, they all laid down their arms, and begged their lives; and I sent the man that had parleyed with them and two more, who bound them all; and then my great army of fifty men, which, particularly with those three, were all but eight, came up and seized upon them all, and upon their boat; only that I kept myself and one more out of sight for reasons of state.

Our next work was to repair the boat, and think of seizing the ship; and as for the captain, now he had leisure to parley with them, he expostulated with them upon the villainy of their practices with him, and at length upon the farther wickedness of their design, and how certainly it must bring them to misery and distress in the end, and perhaps to the gallows.

They all appeared very penitent, and begged hard for their lives. As for that, he told them they were none of his prisoners, but the commander of the island; that they thought they had set him on shore in a barren, uninhabited island; but it had pleased God so to direct them that the island was inhabited, and that the governor was an Englishman; that he might hang them all there, if he pleased; but as he had given them all quarter, he supposed he would send them to England, to be dealt with there as justice required, except Atkins, whom he was commanded by the governor to advise to prepare for death, for that he would be hanged in the morning.

Though this was all a fiction of his own, yet it had its desired effect. Atkins fell upon his knees, to beg the captain to intercede with the governor for his life; and all the rest begged of him, for God ' s sake, that they might not be sent to England.

It now occurred to me that the time of our deliverance was come, and that it would be a most easy thing to bring these fellows in to be hearty in getting possession of the ship; so I retired in the dark from them, that they might not see what kind of a governor they had, and called the captain to me. When I called, as at a good distance, one of the men was ordered to speak again, and say to the captain, " Captain, the commander calls for you. " And presently the captain replied, " Tell his excellency I am just a-coming. " This more perfectly amused them, and they all believed that the commander was just by with his fifty men.

Upon the captain ' s coming to me, I told him my project for seizing the ship, which he liked of wonderfully well, and resolved to put it in execution the next morning. But in order to execute it with more art, and secure of success, I told him we must divide the prisoners, and that they should go and take Atkins and two more of the worst of them, and send them pinioned to the cave where the others lay. This was committed to Friday and the two men who came on shore with the captain.

They conveyed them to the cave, as to a prison. And it was, indeed, a dismal place, especially to men in their condition. The others I ordered to my bower, as I called it, of which I have given a full description; and as it was fenced in, and they pinioned, the place was secure enough, considering they were upon their behavior.

To these in the morning I sent the captain, who was to enter into a parley with them; in a word, to try them, and tell me whether he thought they might be trusted or not to go on board and surprise the ship. He talked to them of the injury done him, of the condition they were brought to; and that though the governor had given them quarter for their lives as to the present action, yet that if they were sent to England they would also he hanged in chains, to be sure; but that if they would join so just an attempt as to recover the ship, he would have the governor ' s engagement for their pardon.

Any one may guess how readily such a proposal would be accepted by men in their condition. They fell down on their knees to the captain, and promised, with the deepest imprecations, that they would be faithful to him to the last drop, and that they should owe their lives to him, and would go with him all over the world; that they would own him for a father to them as long as they lived.

" Well, " says the captain, " I must go and tell the governor what you say, and see what I can do to bring him to consent to it. " So he brought me an account of the temper he found them in, and that he verily believed they would be faithful.

However, that we might be very secure, I told him he should go back again and choose out five of them, and tell them they might see that he did not want men, that he would take out those five to be his assistants, and that the governor would keep the other two and the three that were sent prisoners to the castle, my cave, as hostages for the fidelity of those five; and that if they proved unfaithful in the execution, the five hostages should be hanged in chains alive upon the shore.

This looked severe, and convinced them that the governor was in earnest. However, they had no way left them but to accept it; and it was now the business of the prisoners, as much as of the captain, to persuade the other five to do their duty.

Our strength was now thus ordered for the expedition. 1. The captain, his mate, and passenger. 2. Then the two prisoners of the first gang, to whom, having their characters from the captain, I had given their liberty, and trusted them with arms. 3. The other two whom I had kept till now in my bower, pinioned, but upon the captain ' s motion had now released. 4. These five released at last; so that they were twelve in all, besides five we kept prisoners in the cave for hostages.

I asked the captain if he was willing to venture with these hands on board the ship; for as for me and my man Friday, I did not think it was proper for us to stir, having seven men left behind, and it was employment enough for us to keep them asunder and supply them with victuals. As to the five in the cave, I resolved to keep them fast; but Friday went in twice a day to them, to supply them with necessaries, and I made the other two carry provisions to a certain distance, where Friday was to take it.

When I showed myself to the two hostages, it was with the captain, who told them I was the person the governor had ordered to look after them, and that it was the governor ' s pleasure they should not stir anywhere but by my direction; that if they did, they should be fetched into the castle, and be laid in irons; so that as we never suffered them to see me as governor, so I now appeared as another person, and spoke of the governor, the garrison, the castle, and the like, upon all occasions.

The captain now had no difficulty before him but to furnish his two boats, stop the breach of one, and man them. He made his passenger captain of one, with four other men; and himself, and his mate, and five more went in the other; and they contrived their business very well, for they came up to the ship about midnight. As soon as they came within call of the ship, he made Robinson hail them, and tell them they had brought off the men and the boat, but that it was a long time before they had found them, and the like, holding them in a chat till they came to the ship ' s side; when the captain and the mate entering first, with their arms, immediately knocked down the second mate and carpenter with the butt-end of their muskets, being very faithfully seconded by their men. They secured all the rest that were upon the main and quarter decks, and began to fasten the hatches to keep them down who were below; when the other boat and their men entering at the fore-chains, secured the forecastle of the ship, and the scuttle which went down into the cook-room, making three men they found there prisoners.

When this was done, and all safe upon deck, the captain ordered the mate, with three men, to break into the round-house, where the new rebel captain lay, and having taken the alarm was gotten up, and with two men and a boy had gotten fire-arms in their hands; and when the mate with a crow split open the door, the new captain and his men fired boldly among them, and wounded the mate with a musket-ball, which broke his arm, and wounded two more of the men, but killed nobody.

The mate calling for help, rushed, however, into the round-house wounded as he was, and with his pistol shot the new captain through the head, the bullet entering at his mouth and came out again behind one of his ears, so that he never spoke a word; upon which the rest yielded, and the ship was taken effectually, without any more lives lost.

As soon as the ship was thus secured, the captain ordered seven guns to be fired, which was the signal agreed upon with me to give me notice of his success, which you may be sure I was very glad to hear, having sat watching upon the shore for it till near two of the clock in the morning.

Having thus heard the signal plainly, I laid me down; and it having been a day of great fatigue to me I slept very sound, till I was something surprised with the noise of a gun; and presently starting up, I heard a man call me by the name of " Governor, " " Governor, " and presently I knew the captain ' s voice; when climbing up to the top of the hill, there he stood, and pointing to the ship he embraced me in his arms. " My dear friend and deliverer, " says he, " there ' s your ship, for she is all yours, and so are we, and all that belong to her. " I cast my eyes to the ship, and there she rode within little more than half a mile of the shore; for they had weighed her anchor as soon as they were masters of her, and the weather being fair had brought her to an anchor just against the mouth of the little creek, and the tide being up, the captain had brought the pinnace in near the place where I at first landed my rafts, and so landed just at my door.

I was at first ready to sink down with the surprise; for I saw my deliverance, indeed, visibly put into my hands, all things easy, and a large ship just ready to carry me away whither I pleased to go. At first, for some time, I was not able to answer him one word; but as he had taken me in his arms, I held fast by him, or I should have fallen to the ground.

He perceived the surprise, and immediately pulls a bottle out of his pocket, and gave me a dram of cordial, which he had brought on purpose for me. After I had drank it, I sat down upon the ground; and though it brought me to myself, yet it was a good while before I could speak a word to him.

All this while the poor man was in as great an ecstasy as I, only not under any surprise, as I was; and he said a thousand kind, tender things to me, to compose me and bring me to myself. But such was the flood of joy in my breast that it put all my spirits into confusion. At last it broke out into tears, and in a little while after I recovered my speech.

Then I took my turn, and embraced him as my deliverer, and we rejoiced together. I told him I looked upon him as a man sent from heaven to deliver me, and that the whole transaction seemed to be a chain of wonders; that such things as these were the testimonies we had of a secret hand of Providence governing the world, and an evidence that the eyes of an infinite Power could search into the remotest corner of the world, and send help to the miserable whenever He pleased.

I forgot not to lift up my heart in thankfulness to heaven; and what heart could forbear to bless Him, who had not only in a miraculous power provided for one in such a wilderness, and in such a desolate condition, but from whom every deliverance must always be acknowledged to proceed?

When we had talked a while, the captain told me he had brought me some little refreshment, such as the ship afforded, and such as the wretches that had been so long his masters had not plundered him of. Upon this he called aloud to the boat, and bid his men bring the things ashore that were for the governor; and, indeed, it was a present as if I had been one, not that was to be carried away along with them, but as if I had been to dwell upon the island still, and they were to go without me.

First, he had brought me a case of bottles full of excellent cordial waters, six large bottles of Madeira wine (the bottles held two quarts a-piece), two pounds of excellent good tobacco, twelve good pieces of the ship ' s beef, and six pieces of pork, with a bag of peas, and about a hundredweight of biscuit.

He brought me also a box of sugar, a box of flour, a bag full of lemons, and two bottles of lime-juice, and abundance of other things; but besides these, and what was a thousand times more useful to me, he brought me six clean new shirts, six very good neck-cloths, two pair of gloves, one pair of shoes, a hat, and one pair of stockings, and a very good suit of clothes of his own, which had been worn but very little; in a word, he clothed me from head to foot.

It was a very kind and agreeable present, as any one may imagine, to one in my circumstances; but never was anything in the world of that kind so unpleasant, awkward, and uneasy, as it was to me to wear such clothes at their first putting on.

After these ceremonies passed, and after all his good things were brought into my little apartment, we began to consult what was to be done with the prisoners we had; for it was worth considering whether we might venture to take them away with us or no, especially two of them, whom we knew to be incorrigible and refractory to the last degree; and the captain said he knew they were such rogues that there was no obliging them; and if he did carry them away, it must be in irons, as malefactors, to be delivered over to justice at the first English colony he could come at; and I found that the captain himself was very anxious about it.

Upon this I told him that, if he desired it, I durst undertake to bring the two men he spoke of to make it their own request that he should leave them upon the island. " I should be very glad of that, " says the captain, " with all my heart. "

" Well, " says I, " I will send for them up, and talk with them for you. " So I cause Friday and the two hostages, for they were now discharged, their comrades having performed their promise; I say, I cause them to go to the cave and bring up the five men, pinioned as they were, to the bower, and keep them there till I came.

After some time I came thither, dressed in my new habit; and now I was called governor again. Being all met, and the captain with me, I caused the men to be brought before me, and I told them I had had a full account of their villainous behavior to the captain, and how they had run away with the ship, and were preparing to commit farther robberies, but that Providence had ensnared them in their own ways, and that they were fallen into the pit which they had digged for others.

I let them know that by my direction the ship had been seized, that she lay now in the road, and they might see, by and by, that their new captain had received the reward of his villainy, for that they might see him hanging at the yardarm; that as to them, I wanted to know what they had to say why I should not execute them as pirates, taken in the fact, as by my commission they could not doubt I had authority to do.

One of them answered in the name of the rest that they had nothing to say but this, that when they were taken the captain promised them their lives, and they humbly implored my mercy. But I told them I knew no what mercy to show them; for as for myself, I had resolved to quit the island with all my men, and had taken passage with the captain to go for England. And as for the captain, he could not carry them to England other than as prisoners in irons, to be tried for mutiny, and running away with the ship; the consequence of which, they must needs know, would be the gallows; so that I could not tell which was best for them, unless they had a mind to take their fate in the island. If they desired that, I did not care, as I had liberty to leave it. I had some inclination to give them their lives, if they thought they could shift on shore.

They seemed very thankful for it, said they would much rather venture to stay there than to be carried to Englandto be hanged; so I left it on that issue.

However, the captain seemed to make some difficulty of it, as if he durst not leave them there. Upon this I seemed a little angry with the captain, and told him that they were my prisoners, not his; and that seeing I had offered them so much favor, I would be as good as my word; and that if he did not think fit to consent to it, I would set them at liberty, as I found them; and if he did not like it, he might take them again if he could catch them.

Upon this they appeared very thankful, and I accordingly set them at liberty, and bade them retire into the woods to the place whence they came, and I would leave them some fire-arms, some ammunition, and some directions how they should live very will, if they thought fit.

Upon this I prepared to go on board the ship, but told the captain that I would stay that night to prepare my things, and desired him to go on board in the meantime, and keep all right in the ship, and send the boat on shore the next day for me; ordering him, in the meantime, to cause the new captain, who was killed, to be hanged at the yard-arm, that these men might see him.

When the captain was gone, I sent for the men up to me to my apartment, and entered seriously into discourse with them of their circumstances. I told them I thought they had made a right choice; that if the captain carried them away, they would certainly be hanged. I showed them the new captain hanging at the yard-arm of the ship, and told them they had nothing less to expect.

When they had all declared their willingness to stay, I then told them I would let them into the story of my living there, and put them into the way of making it easy to them. Accordingly I gave them the whole history of the place, and of my coming to it, showed them my fortifications, the way I made my bread, planted my corn, cured my grapes; and in a word, all that was necessary to make them easy. I told them the story also of the sixteen Spaniards that were to be expected, for whom I left a letter, and made them promise to treat them in common with themselves.

I left them my fire-arms, viz., five muskets, three fowling-pieces, and three swords. I had above a barrel and half of powder left; for after the first year or two I used but little, and wasted none. I gave them a description of the way I managed the goats, and directions to milk and fatten them, and to make both butter and cheese.

In a word, I gave them every part of my own story, and I told them I would prevail with the captain to leave them two barrels of gunpowder more, and some garden seeds, which I told them I would have been very glad of. Also I gave them the bag of peas which the captain had brought me to eat, and bade them be sure to sow and increase them.

Chapter 19. RETURN TO ENGLAND

Having done all this, I left them the next day, and went on board the ship. We prepared immediately to sail, but did not weigh that night. The next morning early two of the five men came swimming to the ship ' s side, and making a most lamentable complaint of the other three, begged to be taken into the ship for God ' s sake, for they should be murdered, and begged the captain to take them on board, though he hanged them immediately.

Upon this the captain pretended to have no power without me; but after some difficulty, and after their solemn promises of amendment, they were taken on board, and were some time after soundly whipped and pickled, after which they proved very honest and quiet fellows.

Some time after this the boat was ordered on shore, the tide being up, with the things promised to the men, to which the captain, at my intercession, caused their chests and clothes to be added, which they took, and were very thankful for. I also encouraged them by telling them that if it lay in my way to send any vessel to take them in, I would not forget them.

When I took leave of this island, I carried on board, for relics, the great goat-skin cap I had made, my umbrella, and my parrot; also I forgot not to take the money I formerly mentioned, which had lain me so long useless that it was grown rusty or tarnished, and could hardly; as also the money I found in the wreck of the Spanish ship.

And thus I left the island, the 19th of December, as I found by the ship ' s account, in the year 1686, after I had been upon it eight and twenty years, two months, and nineteen days, being delivered from this second captivity the same day of the month that I first made my escape in the barco-longo, from among the Moors of Sallee.

In this vessel, after a long voyage, I arrived in England, the 11th of June, in the year 1687, having been thirty and five years absent.

When I came to England I was a perfect a stranger to all the world as if I had never been known there. My benefactor and faithful steward, whom I had left in trust with my money, was alive, but had had great misfortunes in the world, was become a widow the second time, and very low in the world. I made her easy as to what she owed me, assuring her that I would give her no trouble; but on the contrary, in gratitude to her former care and faithfulness to me, I relieved her as my little stock would afford; which, at that time, would indeed allow me to do but little for her; but I assured her I would never forget her former kindness to me, nor did I forget her when I had sufficient to help her, as shall be observed in its place.

I went down afterwards into Yorkshire; but my father was dead, and my mother and all the family extinct, except that I found two sisters, and two of the children of one of my brothers; and as I had been long ago given over for dead, there had been no provision made for me; so that, in a word, I found nothing to relieve or assist me; and that little money I had would not do much for me as to settling in the world.

I met with one piece of gratitude, indeed, which I did not expect; and this was, that the master of the ship whom I had so happily delivered, and by the same means saved the ship and cargo, having given a very handsome account to the owners of the manner how I had saved the lives of the men, and the ship, they invited me to meet them, and some other merchants concerned, and all together made me a very handsome compliment upon the subject, and a present of almost L200 sterling.

But after making several reflections upon the circumstances of my life, and how little way this would go towards settling me in the world, I resolved to go to Lisbon, and see if I might not come by some information of the state of my plantation in the Brazils, and of what was become of my partner, who I had reason to suppose had some years now given me over for dead.

With this view I took shipping for Lisbon, where I arrived in April following; my man Friday accompanying me very honestly in all these ramblings, and proving a most faithful servant upon all occasions.

When I came to Lisbon, I found out, by inquiry, and to my particular satisfaction, my old friend, the captain of the ship who first took me up at sea off the shore of Africa. He was now grown old, and had left off the sea, having put his son, who was far from a young man, into his ship, and who still used the Brazil trade. The old man did not know me; and, indeed, I hardly knew him; but I soon brought him to my remembrance, and as soon brought myself to his remembrance when I told him who I was.

After some passionate expressions of the old acquaintance, I inquired, you may be sure, after my plantation and my partner. The old man told me he had not been in the Brazils for about nine years; but that he could assure me that, when he came away, my partner was living; but the trustees, whom I had joined with him to take cognizance of my part, were both dead. That, however, he believed that I would have a very good account of the improvement of the plantation; for that upon the general belief of my being cast away and drowned, my trustees had given in the account of the produce of my part of the plantation to the procurator-fiscal, who had appropriated it, in case I never came to claim it, one-third to the king, and two-thirds to the monastery of St. Augustine, to be expended for the benefit of the poor, and for the conversion of the Indians to the Catholic faith; but that if I appeared, or any one for me, to claim the inheritance, it should be restored; only that the improvement or annual production, being distributed to charitable uses, could not be restored. But he assured me that the steward of the king ' s revenue from lands, and the provedidore, or steward of the monastery, had taken great care all along that the incumbent, that is to say, my partner, gave every year a faithful account of the produce, of which they received duly my moiety.

I asked him if he knew to what height of improvement he had brought the plantation, and whether he thought it might be worth looking after; or whether, on my going thither, I should meet with no obstruction to my possessing my just right in the moiety.

He told me he could not tell exactly to what degree the plantation was improved; but this he knew, that my partner was grown exceeding rich upon the enjoying but one-half of it; and that, to the best of his remembrance, he had heard that the king ' s third of my part, which was, it seems, granted away to some other monastery or religious house, amounted to above two hundred moidores a year. That as to my being restored to a quiet possession of it, there was no question to be made of that, my partner being alive to witness my title, and my name being also enrolled in the register of the country. Also he told me that the survivors of my two trustees were very fair, honest people, and very wealthy; and he believed I would not only have their assistance for putting me in possession, but would find a very considerable sum of money in their hands for my account, being the produce of the farm while their father held the trust, and before it was given up, as above; which, as he remember, was for about twelve years.

I showed myself a little concerned and uneasy at this account, and inquired of the old captain how it came to pass that the trustees should thus dispose my effects, when he knew that I had made my will, and had made him, the Portuguese captain, my universal heir, &c.

He told me, that was true; but that as there was no proof of my being dead, he could not act as executor until some certain account should come of my death; and that besides, he was not willing to intermeddle with a thing so remote; that it was true he had registered my will, and put in his claim; and could he have given any account of my being dead or alive, he would have acted by procuration, and taken possession of the ingenio, so they called the sugar-house, and had given his son, who was now at the Brazils, order to do it.

" But, " says the old man, " I have one piece of news to tell you, which perhaps may not be so acceptable to you as the rest; and that is, that believing you were lost, and all the world believing so also, your partner and trustees did offer to account to me, in your name, for six or eight of the first years of profits, which I received; but there being at that time, " says he, " great disbursements for increasing the works, building an ingenio, and buying slaves, it did not amount to near so much as afterwards it produced. However, " says the old man, " I shall give you a true account of what I have received in all, and how I have disposed of it. "

After a few days ' farther conference with this ancient friend, he brought me an account of the six first years ' income of my plantation, signed by my partner and the merchant-trustees, being always delivered in goods, viz., tobacco in roll, and sugar in chests, besides rum, molasses, etc. which is the consequence of a sugar-work; and I found, by this account, that every year the income considerably increased; but, as above, the disbursement being large, the sum at first was small. However, the old man let me see that he was debtor to me 470 moidores of gold, besides 60 chests of sugar, and 15 double rolls of tobacco, which were lost in his ship, he having been shipwrecked coming home to Lisbon, about eleven years after my leaving the place.

The good man then began to complain of his misfortunes, and how he had been obliged to make use of my money to recover his losses, and buy him a share in a new ship. " However, my old friend, " says he, " you shall not want a supply in your necessity; and as soon as my son returns, you shall be fully satisfied. "

Upon this he pulls out an old pouch, and gives me 160 Portugal moidores in gold; and giving me the writing of his title to the ship, which his son was gone to the Brazils in, of which he was a quarter-part owner, and his son another, he puts them both into my hands for security of the rest.

I was too much moved with the honesty and kindness of the poor man to be able to bear this; and remembering what he had done for me, how he had taken me up at sea, and how generously he had used me on all occasions, and particularly how sincere a friend he was now to me, I could hardly refrain weeping at what he said to me; therefore first I asked him in his circumstances admitted him to spare so much money at that time, and if it would not straiten him. He told me he could not say but it might straiten him a little; but, however, it was my money, and I might want it more than he.

Everything the good man said was full of affection, and I could hardly refrain from tears while he spoke; in short, I took 100 of the moidores, and called for a pen and ink to give him a receipt for them. Then I returned him the rest, and told him if ever I had possession of the plantation, I would return the other to him also, as, indeed, I afterwards did; and that as to the bill of sale of his part in his son ' s ship, I would not take it by any means; but that if I wanted the money, I found he was honest enough to pay me; and if I did not, but came to receive what he gave me reason to expect, I would never have a penny more from him.

When this was passed, the old man began to ask me if he should put me into a method to make my claim to my plantation. I told him I thought to go over it myself. He said I might do so if I pleased; but that if I did not, there were ways enough to secure my right, and immediately to appropriate the profits to my use; and as there were ships in the river of Lisbon just ready to go away to Brazil, he made me enter my name in a public register, with his affidavit, affirming, upon oath, that I was alive, and that I was the same person who took up the land for the planting the said plantation at first.

This being regularly attested by a notary, and a procuration affixed, he directed me to send it, with a letter of his writing, to a merchant of his acquaintance at the place, and then proposed my staying with him till an account came of the return.

Never anything was more honorable than the proceedings upon this procuration; for in less than seven months I received a large packet from the survivors of my trustees, the merchants, for whose account I went to sea, in which were the following particular letters and papers enclosed.

First, there was the account-current of the produce of my farm or plantation from the year when their fathers had balanced with my old Portugal captain, being for six years; the balance appeared to be 1,174 moidores in my favor.

Secondly, there was the account of four years more, while they kept the effects in their hands, before the government claimed the administration, as being the effects of a person not to be found, which they called civil death; and the balance of this, the value of the plantation increasing, amounted to 38,892 crusadoes, which made 3,241 moidores.

Thirdly, there was the prior of the Augustines ' account, who had received the profits for above fourteen years; but not being able to account for what was disposed to the hospital, very honestly declared he had 872 moidores not distributed, which he acknowledged to my account; as to the king ' s part, that refunded nothing.

There was a letter of my partner ' s, congratulating me very affectionately upon my being alive, giving me an account how the estate was improved, and what it produced a year, with a particular of the number of squares or acres that it contained; how planted, how many slaves there were upon it, and making two and twenty crosses for blessings, told me he had said so many Ave Marias to thank the blessed Virgin that I was alive; inviting me very passionately to come over and take possession of my own; and in the meantime, to give him orders to whom he should deliver my effects, if I did not come myself; concluding with a hearty tender of his friendship, and that of his family; and sent me as a present seven fine leopards ' skins, which he had, it seems, received from Africa by some other ship which he had sent thither, and who, it seems, had made a better voyage than I. He sent me also five chests of excellent sweetmeats, and a hundred pieces of gold uncoined, not quite so large as moidores. By the same fleet, my two merchant trustees shipped me 1,200 chest of sugar, 800 rolls of tobacco, and the rest of the whole account in gold.

I might well say now, indeed, that the latter end of Job better than the beginning. It is impossible to express the flutterings of my very heart when I looked over these letters, and especially when I found all my wealth about me; for as the Brazil ship come all in fleets, the same ships which brought my letters brought my goods, and the effects were safe in the river before the letters came to my hand. In a word, I turned pale, and grew sick; and had not the old man run and fetched me a cordial, I believe the sudden surprise of joy had overset Nature, and I had died upon the spot.

Nay, after that I continued very ill, and was so some hours, till a physician being sent for, and something of the real cause of my illness being known, he ordered me to be let blood, after which I had relief, and grew well; but I verily believe, if it had not been eased by a vent given in the manner to the spirits, I should have died.

I was now master, all on a sudden, of above L5,000 sterling in money, and had an estate, as I might well call it, in the Brazils, of above a thousand pounds a year, as sure as an estate of lands in England; and in a word, I was in a condition which I scarce knew how to understand, or how to compose myself for the enjoyment of it.

The first thing I did was to recompense my original benefactor, my good old captain, who had been first charitable to me in my distress, kind to me in my beginning, and honest to me at the end. I showed him all that was sent me. I told him that, next to the providence of Heaven, which disposes all things, it was owing to him; and that it now lay on me to reward him, which I would do a hundredfold. So I first returned to him the hundred moidores I had received of him; then I sent for a notary, and caused him to draw up a general release or discharge for the 470 moidores which he had acknowledged he owed me in the fullest and firmest manner possible; after which I cause a procuration to be drawn, empowering him to be my receiver of the annual profits of my plantation, and appointing my partner to account to him, and make the returns by the usual fleets to him in my name; and a clause in the end, being a grant of 100 moidores a year to him, during his life, out of the effects, and 50 moidores a year to his son after for his life; and thus I requited my old man.

I was now to consider which way to steer my course next, and what to do with the estate that Providence has thus put into my hands; and, indeed, I had more care upon my head now than I had in my silent state of life in the island, where I wanted nothing but what I had, and had nothing but what I wanted; where as I had now a great charge upon me, and my business was how to secure it. I had neer a cave now to hide my money in, or a place where it might lie without lock or key till it grew mouldy and tarnished before anybody would meddle with it. On the contrary, I knew not where to put it, or whom to trust with it. My old patron, the captain, indeed, was honest, and that was the only refuge I had.

In the next place, my interest in the Brazilsseemed to summon me thither; but now I could not tell how to think of going thither till I had settled my affairs, and left my affects in some safe hands behind me. At first I thought of my old friend the widow who I knew was honest, and would be just to me; but then she was in years, and but poor, and for aught I knew might be in debt; so that, in a word, I had no way but to go back to England myself, and take my effects with me.

It was some months, however, before I resolved upon this; and therefore, as I had rewarded the old captain fully, and to his satisfaction, who had been my former benefactor, so I began to think of my poor widow, whose husband had been my first benefactor, and she, while it was in her power, my faithful steward and instructor. So the first thing I did, I got a merchant in Lisbon to write his correspondent in London, not only to pay a bill, but to go find her out, and carry her in money a hundred pounds from me, and to talk with her, and comfort her in her poverty, by telling her she should, if I lived, have a further supply. At the same time I sent my two sisters in the country each of them an hundred pounds, they being, though not in want, yet not in very good circumstances; one having been married, and left a widow; and the other having a husband not so kind to her as he should be.

But among all my relations or acquaintances, I could not yet pitch upon one to whom I durst commit the gross of my stock, that I might go away to the Brazils, and leave things safe behind me; and this greatly perplexed me.

I had once a mind to have gone to the Brazilsand have settled myself there, for I was, as it were, naturalized to the place. But I had some little scruple in my mind about religion, which insensibly drew me back, of which I shall say more presently. However, it was not religion that kept me from going there for the present; and as I had made no scruple of being openly of the religion of the country all the while I was among them, so neither did I yet; only that, now and then, having the late thought more of than formerly, when I began to think of living and dying among them, I began to regret my having professed myself a papist, and thought it might not be the best religion to die with.

But, as I have said, this was not the main thing that kept me from going to the Brazils, but that really I did not know with whom to leave my effects beind me; so I resolved, at last, to go to England with it, where, if arrived, I concluded I should make some acquaintance, or find some relations, that would be faithful to me; and accordingly I prepared to go for England, with all my wealth.

In order to prepare things for my going home, I first, the Brazil fleet being just going away, resolved to give answers suitable to the just and faithful account of things I had from thence. And first, to the prior of St. Augustine I wrote a letter full of thanks for their just dealings, and the offer of the 872 moidores which was undisposed of, which I desired might be given, 500 to the monastery, and 372 to the poor, as the prior should direct, desiring the good padre ' s prayers for me, and the like.

I wrote next a letter of thanks to my two trustees, with all the acknowledgment that so much justice and honesty called for. As for sending them any present, they were far above having any occasion of it.

Lastly, I wrote to my partner, acknowledging his industry in the improving the plantation, and his integrity in increasing the stock of the works, giving him instructions for his future government of my part, according to the powers I had left with my old patron, to whom I desired him to send whatever became due to me till he should hear from me more particularly; assuring him that it was my intention not only to come to him, but to settle myself there for the remainder of my life. To this I added a very handsome present of some Italian silks for his wife and two daughters, for such the captain ' s son informed me he had, with two pieces of fine English broadcloth, and best I could get in Lisbon, five pieces of black baize, and some Flanders lace of a good value.

Having thus settled my affairs, sold my cargo, and turned all my effects into good bills of exchange, my next difficulty was which was to go to England. I had been accustomed enough to the sea, and yet I had a strange aversion to going to England by sea at that time; and though I could give no reason for it, yet the difficulty increased upon me so much, that though I had once shipped my baggage in order to go, yet I altered my mind, and that not once, but two or three times.

It is true that I had been very unfortunate by sea, and this might be some of the reason; but let no man slight the strong impulses of his own thoughts in cases of such moment. Two of the ships which I had singled out to go in, I mean more particularly singled out than any other, that is to say, so as in one of them to put my things on board, and in the other way to have agreed with the captain; I say, two of these ships miscarried, viz., one was taken by the Algerines, and the other was cast away on the Start, near Torbay, and all the people drowned except three; so that in either of those vessels I had been made miserable; and in which most, it was hard to say.

Having been thus harassed in my thoughts, my old pilot, to whom I communicated everything, pressed me earnestly not to go by sea, but either to go by land to the Groyne, and cross over the Bay of Biscay to Rochelle, from whence it was an easy and safe journey by land to Paris, and so to Calais and Dover; or to go up to Madrid, and so all the way by land through France.

In a word, I was so prepossessed against my going by sea at all, except from Calaisto Dover, that I resolved to travel all the way by land; which as I was not in haste, and did not value the charge, was by much the pleasanter way. And to make it more so, my old captain brought an English gentleman, the son of a merchant in Lisbon, who was willing to travel with me; after which we picked up two or more English merchants also, and two young Portuguese gentlemen, the last going to Paris only; so that we were in all six of us, and five servants, besides my man Friday, who was too much a stranger to be capable of supplying the place of a servant on the road.

In this manner I set out from Lisbon; and our company being all very well mounted and armed, we made a little troop, whereof they did me the honor to call me captain, as well because I was the oldest man, as because I had two servants, and indeed was the original of the whole journey.

As I have troubled you with none of my sea journals, so I shall trouble you now with none of my land journal; but some adventures that happened to us in this tedious and difficult journey I must not omit.

When we came to Madrid, we being all of us strangers to Spain, were willing to stay some time to the court of Spain, and to see what was worth observing; but it being the latter part of the summer we hastened away, and set out from Madrid about the middle of October; but when we came to the edge of Navarre, we were alarmed at several towns on the way with an account that so much snow was fallen on the French side of the mountains that several travelers were obliged to come back to Pampeluna, after having attempted, at an extreme hazard, to pass on.

When we came to Pampeluna itself, we found it so indeed; and to me, that had been always used to a hot climate, and indeed to countries where we could scarce bear any clothes on, the cold was insufferable; nor indeed was it more painful than it was surprising to come but often days before out of the old Castile, where the weather was not only warm, but very hot, and immediately to feel a wind from the Pyrenean mountains so very keen, so severely cold, as to be intolerable, and to endanger benumbing and perishing of our fingers and toes.

Poor Friday was really frightened when he saw the mountains all covered with snow, and felt cold weather, which he had never seen or felt before in his life.

To mend the matter, when we came to Pampeluna it continued snowing with so much violence, and so long, that the people said winter was come before its time; and the roads, which were difficult before, were now quite impassable; for, in a word, the snow lay in some places too thick for us to travel, and being not hard frozen, as is the case in northern countries, there was no going without being in danger of being buried alive every step. We stayed no less than twenty days at Pampeluna; when seeing the winter coming on, and no likelihood of its being better, for it was the severest winter all over Europe that had been known in the memory of man, I proposed that we should all go away to Fontarabia, and there take shipping for which was a very little voyage.

But while we were considering this, there came in four French gentlemen, who having been stopped on the French side of the passes, as we were on the Spanish, had found out a guide, who, traversing the country near the head of Languedoc, had brought them over the mountains by such ways that they were not much incommoded by the snow; and were they met with snow in any quantity, they said it was frozen hard enough to bear them and their horses.

We sent for his guide, who told us he would undertake to carry us the same way with no hazard from the snow, provided we were armed sufficiently to protect us from wild beasts; for he said, upon these great snows it was frequent for some wolves to show themselves at the foot of the mountains, being made ravenous for want of food, the ground being covered with snow. We told him we were well enough prepared for such creatures as they were, if he would ensure us from a kind of two-legged wolves, which, we were told, we were in the most danger from, especially on the French side of the mountains.

He satisfied us there was no danger of that kind in the way that we were to go; so we readily agreed to follow him, as did also twelve other gentlemen, with their servants, some French, some Spanish, who, as I said, had attempted to go, and were obliged to come back again.

Accordingly, we all set out from Pampeluna, with our guide, on the 15th of November; and, indeed, I was surprised when, instead of going forward, he came directly back with us on the same road that we came from Madrid, above twenty miles; when being passed two rivers, and come into the plain country, we found ourselves in a warm climate again, where the country was pleasant, and no snow to be seen; but on a sudden, turning to his left, he approached the mountains another way; and though it is true the hills and precipices looked dreadful, yet he made so many tours, such meanders, and led us by such winding ways, that we were insensibly passed the height of the mountains without being much encumbered with the snow; and all on a sudden he showed us the pleasant fruitful provinces of Languedoc and Gascogn, all green and flourishing, though, indeed, it was at a great distance, and we had some rough way to pass yet.

We were a little uneasy, however, when we found it snowed one whole day and a night so fast that we could not travel; but he bid us be easy, we should soon be past it all. We found, indeed, that we began to descend every day, and to come more north than before; and so, depending upon our guide, we went on.

It was about two hours before night when, our guide being something before us, and not just in sight, out rushed three monstrous wolves, and after them a bear, out of a hollow way adjoining to a thick wood. Two of the wolves flew upon the guide, and had he been half a mile before us he had been devoured, indeed, before we could have helped him. One of them fastened upon his horse, and the other attacked the man with that violence that he had not time, or not presence of mind enough, to draw his pistol, but hallooed and cried out to us most lustily. My man Friday being next to me, I bid him ride up, and see what was the matter. As soon as Friday came in sight of the man, he hallooed as loud as t ' other, " O master! O master! " but, like a bold fellow, rode directly up to the poor man, and with his pistol shot the wolf that attacked him into the head.

It was happy for the poor man that it was my man Friday, for he having been used to that kind of creature in his country, had no fear upon him, but went close up to him and shot him, as above; whereas any of us would have fired at a farther distance, and have perhaps either missed the wolf, or endangered shooting the man.

But it was enough to have terrified a bolder man than I; and, indeed, it alarmed all our company, when, with the noise of Friday ' s pistol, we heard on both sides the dismallest howling of wolves; and the noise, redoubled by the echo of the mountains, that it was to us as if there had been a prodigious multitude of them; and perhaps indeed there was not such a few as that we had no cause of apprehensions.

However, as Friday had killed this wolf, the other that had fastened upon the horse left him immediately and fled, having happily fastened upon his head, where the bosses of the bridle had stuck in his teeth, so that he had not done him much hurt. The man, indeed, was most hurt; for the raging creature had bit him twice, once on the arm, and the other time a little above his knee; and he was just, as it were, tumbling down by the disorder of his horse, when Friday came up and shot the wolf.

It is easy to suppose that at the noise of Friday ' s pistol we all mended our pace, and rid up as fast as the way, which was very difficult, should give us leave, to see what was the matter. As soon as we came clear of the trees, which blinded us before, we saw clearly what had been the case, and how Friday had disengaged the poor guide, though we did not presently discern what kind of creature it was he had killed.

Chapter 20. FIGHT BETWEEN FRIDAY AND A BEAR

But never was a fight managed so hardily, and in such a surprising manner, as that which followed between Friday and the bear, which gave us all, though at first we were surprised and afraid for him, the greatest diversion imaginable. As the bear is a heavy, clumsy creature, and does not gallop as the wolf does, who is swift and light, as he has two particular qualities, which generally are the rule of his actions; first, as to men, who are not his proper prey; I say, not his proper prey, because, though I cannot say what excessive hunger might do, which was now their case, the ground being all covered with snow; but as to men, he does not usually attempt them, unless they first attack him. On the contrary, if you meet him in the woods, if you don ' t meddle with him, he won ' t meddle with you; but then you must take care to be very civil to him, and give him the road, for he is a very nice gentleman. He won ' t go a step out of his way for a prince; nay, if you are really afraid, your best way is to look another way, and keep going on; for sometimes if you stop, and stand still, and look steadily at him, he takes it for an affront; but if you throw or toss anything at him, and it hits him, though it were but a bit of a stick as big as your finger, he takes it for an affront, and set all his other business aside to pursue his revenge; for he will have satisfaction in point of honor. That is his first quality; the next is, that if he be once affronted, he will never leave you, night or day, till he has his revenge, but follows, at a good round rate, till he overtakes you.

My man Friday had delivered our guide, and when we came up to him he was helping him off from his horse; for the man was both hurt and frighted, and indeed the last more than the first; when, on the sudden, we spied the bear come out of the wood, and a vast monstrous one it was, the biggest by far that ever I saw. We were all a little surprised when we saw him; but when Friday saw him, it was easy to see joy and courage in the fellow ' s countenance. " O! O! O! " says Friday, three times pointing to him. " O master! you give me the leave; me shakee the hand with him; me make you good laugh. "

I was surprised to see the fellow so pleased. " You fool you, " says I, " he will eat you up. " " Eatee me up! eatee me up! " says Friday, twice over again; " me eatee him up; me make you good laugh; you all stay here, me show you good laugh. " So down he sits, and gets his boots off in a moment, and put on a pair of pumps, as we call the flat shoes they wear, and which he had in his pocket, gives my other servant his horse, and with his gun away he flew, swift like the wind.

The bear was walking softly on, and offered to meddle with nobody till Friday, coming pretty near, calls to him, as if the bear could understand him, " Hark ye, hark ye, " says Friday, " me speakee wit you. " We followed at a distance; for now being come down on the Gascogn side of the mountains, we were entered a vast great forest., where the country was plain and pretty open, though many trees in it scattered here and there.

Friday, who had, as we say, the heels of the bear, came up with him quickly, and takes up a great stone and throws at him, and hit him just on the head, but did him no harm than if he had thrown it against a wall. But it answered Friday ' s end, for the rogue was so void of fear, that he did it purely to make the bear follow him, and show us some laugh, as he called it.

As soon as the bear felt the stone, and saw him, he turns about, and comes after him, taking devilish long strides, and shuffling along at a strange rate, so as would have put a horse to a middling gallop. Away runs Friday, and takes his course as if he run towards us for help; so we all resolved to fire at once upon the bear, and deliver my man; though I was angry at him heartily for bringing the bear back upon us, when he was going about his own business another way; and especially I was angry that he had turned the bear upon us, and then run away; and I called out, " You dog, " said I, " is this your making us laugh? Come away, and take your horse, that we may shoot the creature. " He hears me, and cries out, " No shoot, no shoot; stand still, you get much laugh. " And as the nimble creature run two feet for the beast ' s one, he turned on a sudden, on one side of us, and seeing a great oak tree fit for his purpose, he beckoned to us to follow; and doubling his pace, he get nimbly up the tree, laying his gun down upon the ground, at about five or six yards from the bottom of the tree.

The bear soon came to the tree, and we followed at a distance. The first thing he did, he stopped at the gun, smelt to it, but let it lie, and up he scrambles into the tree, climbing like a cat, though so monstrously heavy. I was amazed at the folly, as I though it, of my man, and could not for my life see anything to laugh at yet, till seeing the bear get up the tree, we all rode nearer to him.

When we came to the tree, there was Friday got out to the small end of a large limb of the tree, and the bear got about half way to him. As soon as the bear got out to that part where the limb of the tree was weaker, " Ha! " says he to us, " now you see me teachee the bear dance. " So he falls a-jumping and shaking the bough, at which the bear began to totter, but stood still, and began to look behind him, to see how he should get back. Then, indeed, we did laugh heartily. But Friday had not done with him again, as if he had supposed the bear could speak English, " What, you no come farther? pray you come farther; " so he left jumping and shaking the tree; and the bear, just as if he had understood what he said, did come a little farther; then he fell a-jumping again, and the bear stopped again.

We thought now was a good time to knock him on the head, and I called to Friday to stand still, and we would shoot the bear; but he cried out earnestly, " O pray! O pray! no shoot, me shoot by and then; " he would have said by and by. However, to shorten the story, Friday danced so much, and the bear stood so ticklish, that we had laughing enough indeed, but still could not imagine what the fellow would do; for first we thought he depended upon shaking the bear off; and we found the bear was too cunning for that too; for he would not go out far enough to be thrown down, but clings fast with his great broad claws and feet, so that we could not imagine what would be the end of it, and where the jest would be at last.

But Friday put us out of doubt quickly; for seeing the bear cling fast to the bough, and that he would not be persuaded to come any farther, " Well, well, " says Friday, " you no come farther, me go, me go; you no come to me, me go come to you; " and upon this he goes out to the smallest end of the bough, where it would bend with his weight, and gently lets himself down by it, sliding down the bough till he came near enough to jump down on his feet, and away he ran to his gun, takes it up, and stands still.

" Well, " said I to him, " Friday, what will you do now? Why don ' t you shoot him? " " No shoot, " says Friday, " no yet; me shoot now, me no kill; me stay, give you one more laugh. " And, indeed, so he did, as you will see presently; for when the bear sees his enemy gone, he comes back from the bough where he stood, but did it mighty leisurely, looking behind him every step, and coming backward till he got into the body of the tree; then with the same hinder end foremost he comes down the tree, grasping it with his claws, and moving one foot at a time, very leisurely. At this juncture, and just before he could set his hind feet upon the ground, Friday stepped up close to him, clapped the muzzle of his piece into his ear, and shot him dead as a stone.

Then the rogue turned about to see if we did not laugh; and when he saw we were pleased by our looks, he falls a-laughing himself very loud. " So we kill bear in my country, " says Friday. " So you kill them? " says I; " why, you have no guns. " " No, " says he, " no gun, but shoot great much long arrow. "

This was indeed a good diversion to us; but we were still in a wild place, and our guide very much hurt, and what to do we hardly knew. The howling of the wolves ran much in my head; and indeed, except the noise I once heard on the shore of Africa, of which I have said something already, I never heard anything that filled me with so much horror.

These things, and the approach of night, called us off, or else, as Friday would have had us, we should certainly have taken the skin of this monstrous creature off, which was worth saving; but we had three leagues to go, and our guide hastened us; so we left him, and went forward on our journey.

The ground was still covered with snow, though not so deep and dangerous as on the mountains; and the ravenous creatures, as we heard afterwards, were come down into the forest and plain country, pressed by hunger, to seek for food, and had done a great deal of mischief in the villages, where they surprised the country people, killed a great many of their sheep and horses, and some people, too.

We had one dangerous place to pass, which our guide told us if there were any more wolves in the country we should find them there; and this was in a small plain, surrounded with woods on every side, and a long narrow defile, or lane, which we were to pass to get through the wood, and then we should come to the village where we were to lodge.

It was within half an hour of sunset when we entered the first wood, and a little after sunset when we came into the plain. We met with nothing in the first wood, except that, in a little plain within the wood, which was not above two furlongs over, we saw five great wolves cross the road, full speed, one after another, as if they had been in chase of some prey, and had it in view; they took no notice of us, and were gone and out of our sight in a few moments. Upon this our guide, who, by the way, was a wretched fainthearted fellow, bid us keep in a ready posture, for he believed there were more wolves a- coming.

We kept our arms ready, and our eyes about us; but we saw no more wolves till we came through that wood, which was near half a league, and entered the plain. As soon as we came into the plain, we had occasion enough to look about us. The first object we met with was a dead horse, that is to say, a poor horse which the wolves had killed, and at least a dozen of them at work; we could not say eating of him, but picking of his bones rather, for they had eaten up all the flesh before.

We did not think fit to disturb them at their feast, neither did they take much notice of us. Friday would have let fly at them, but I would not suffer him by any means, for I found we were like to have more business upon our hands than we were aware of. We were not gone half over the plain, but we began to hear the wolves howl in the wood on our left in a frightful manner, and presently after we saw about a hundred coming on directly towards us, all in a body, and most of them in a line, as regularly as an army drawn up by experienced officers. I scarce knew in what manner to receive them, but found to draw ourselves in a close line was the only way; so we formed in moment; but that we might not have too much interval, I ordered that only every other man should fire, and that the others who had not fired should stand ready to give them a second volley immediately, if they continued to advance upon us; and that then those who had fired at first should not pretend to load their fuses again, but stand ready with every one a pistol, for we were all armed with a fusee and a pair of pistols each man; so we were, by this method, able to fire six volleys, half of us at a time. However, at present we had no necessity; for upon firing the first volley the enemy made a full stop, being terrified as well with the noise as with the fire. Four of them being shot into the head, dropped; several others were wounded, and went bleeding off, as we could see by the snow. I found they stopped, but did not immediately retreat; whereupon, remembering that I had been told that the fiercest creatures were terrified at the voice of a man, I cause all our company to halloo as loud as we could, and I found the notion not altogether mistaken, for upon our shout they began to retire and turn about. Then I ordered a second volley to be fired in their rear, which put them to the gallop, and away they went to the woods.

This gave us leisure to charge our pieces again; and that we might lose no time we kept going. But we had but little more than loaded our fusees, and put ourselves into a readiness, when we heard a terrible noise in the same wood, on our left, only, that it was farther onward, the same way we were to go.

The night was coming on, and the light began to be dusky, which made it worse on our side; but the noise increasing, we could easily perceive that it was the howling and yelling of those hellish creatures; and on a sudden, we perceived two or three troops of wolves, one on our left, one behind us, and one on our front, so that we seemed to be surrounded with them. However, as they did not fall upon us we kept our way forward as fast as we could make our horses go, which, the way being very rough, was only a good large trot, and in this manner we came in view of the of a wood, though which we were to pass, at the farther side of the plain; but we were greatly surprised when, coming nearer the lane, or pass, we saw a confused number of wolves standing just at the entrance.

On a sudden, at another opening of the wood, we heard the noise of a gun, and looking that way, out rushed a horse, with a saddle and a bridle on him, flying like the wind, and sixteen or seventeen wolves after him, full speed; indeed, the horse had the heels of them; but as we supposed that he could not hold it at that rate, we doubted not but they would get up with him at last, and no question but they did.

But here we had a most horrible sight; for riding up to the entrance where the horse came out, we found the carcass of another horse and of two men, devoured by the ravenous creatures; and one of the men was no doubt that same whom we heard fire the gun, for there lay a gun just by him fired off; but as to the man, his head and the upper part of his body was eaten up.

This filled us with horror, and we knew not what course to take; but the creatures resolved us soon, for they gathered about us presently in hopes of prey, and I verily believe there were three hundred of them. It happened very much to our advantage that, at the entrance into the wood, but a little was from it, there lay some large timber-trees, which had been cut down the summer before, and I suppose lay there for carriage. I drew my little troop in among those trees, and placing ourselves in a line behind one long tree, I advised them all to light, and keeping that tree before us for a breastwork, to stand in a triangle or three fronts, enclosing our horses in the centre.

We did so, and it was well we did; for never was a more furious charge than the creatures made upon us in the place. They came on us with a growling kind of a noise, and mounted the piece of timber, which, as I said, was our breastwork, as if they were only rushing upon their prey; and this fury of theirs, it seems, was principally occasioned by their seeing our horses behind us, which was the prey they aimed at. I ordered our men to fire as before, every other man; and they took their aim so sure that indeed they killed several of the wolves at the first volley; but there was a necessity to keep a continual firing, for they came on like devils, those behind pushing on those before.

When we had fired our second volley of our fusees, we thought they stopped a little, and I hoped they would have gone off but it was but a moment, for others came forward again; so we fired two volleys of our pistols; and I believe in these four firings we had killed seventeen or eighteen of them, and lamed twice as many, yet they came on again.

I was loth to spend our last shot too hastily; so I called my servant, not my man Friday, for he was better employed, for with the greatest dexterity imaginable he had charged my fusee and his own while we were engaged; but as I said, I called my other man, and giving him a horn of powder, I bade him lay a train all along the piece of timber, and let it be a large train. He did so, and had but just time to get away when the wolves came up to it, and some were got up upon it, when I, snapping an uncharged pistol close to the powder, set it on fire. Those that were upon the timber were scorched with it, and six or seven of them fell, or rather jumped, in among us with the force and fright of the fire. We despatched these in an instant, and the rest were so frighted with the light, which the night, for it was now very near dark, made mare terrible, that they drew back a little; upon which I ordered our last pistol to be fired off in one volley, and after that we gave a shout. Upon this the wolves turned tail, and we sallied immediately upon near twenty lame ones, whom we found struggling on the ground, and fell a-cutting them with our swords, which answered our expectation; for the crying and howling they made was better understood by their fellows, so that they all fled and left us.

We had, first and last, killed about three score of them, and had it been daylight we had killed many more. The field of battle being thus cleared, we made forward again, for we had still near a league to go. We heard the ravenous creatures howl and yell in the woods as we went several times, and sometimes we fancied we saw some of them, but the snow dazzling our eyes, we were not certain. So in about an hour more we came to the town where we were to lodge, which we found in a terrible fright, and all in arms; for it seems that the night before the wolves and some bears had broke into the village in the night, and put them into a terrible fright; and they were obliged to keep guard night and day, but especially in the night, to preserve their cattle, and, indeed, their people.

The next morning our guide was so ill, and his limbs swelled with the rankling of his two wounds, that he could go no farther; so we were obliged to take a new guide there, and go to Toulouse, where we found a warm climate, a fruitful, pleasant country, and no snow, no wolves, or anything like them. But when we told our story at Toulouse, they told us it was nothing but what was ordinary in the great forest at the foot of the mountains, especially when the snow lay on the ground; but they inquired much what kind of a guide we had gotten that would venture to bring us that way in such a severe season, and told us it was very much we were not all devoured. When we told them how we placed ourselves, and the horses in the middle, they blamed us exceedingly, and told us it was a fifty to one but we had been all destroyed; for it was the sight of the horses which made the wolves so furious, seeing their prey; and that, at other times, they are really afraid of a gun; but the being excessive hungry, and raging on that account, the eagerness to come at the horses had made them senseless of danger and that if we had not, by the continued fire, and at last by the stratagem of the train of powder, mastered them, it had been great odds but that we had been torn to pieces; whereas had we been content to have sat still on horseback, and fired as horsemen, they would not have taken the horses for so much their own, when men were on their backs, as otherwise; and withal they told us, that at last, if we had stood all together, and left our horses, they would have been so eager to have devoured them, that we might have come off safe, especially having our fire-arms in our hands, and being so many in number.

For my part, I was never so sensible of danger in my life; for seeing above three hundred devils come roaring and open-mouthed to devour us, and having nothing to shelter us or retreat to, I gave myself over for lost; and as it was, I believe I shall never care to cross those mountains again. I think I would much rather go a thousand leagues by sea, though I were sure to meet with a storm once a week.

I have nothing uncommon to take notice of in my passage through France; nothing but what other travellers have given an account of with much more advantage than I can. I travelled from Toulouse to Paris, and without any considerable stay came to Calais, and landed safe at Dover, the 14 of January, after having had a severe cold season to travel in.

I was now come to the centre of my travels, and had in a little time all my new-discovered estate safe about me, the bills of exchange which I brought with me having been very currently paid.

My principal guide and privy councillor was my good ancient widow; who, in gratitude for the money I had sent her, thought no pains too much, or care too great, to employ for her; and I trusted her so entirely with everything that I was perfectly easy as to the security of my effects; and indeed I was very happy from my beginning, and now to the end, in the unspotted integrity of this good gentlewoman.

And now I began to think of leaving my effects with this woman and setting out for Lisbon, and so to the Brazils. But now another scruple came in my way, and that was religion; for I had entertained some doubts about the Roman religion even while I was abroad, especially in my state of solitude, so I knew there was no going to the Brazils for me, much less going to settle there, unless I resolved to embrace the Roman Catholic religion without any reserve; unless on the other hand I resolved to be a sacrifice to my principles, be a martyr for religion, and die in the Inquisition. So I resolved to stay at home, and if I could find means for it, to dispose of my plantation.

To this purpose I wrote to my old friend at Lisbon, who in return gave me notice that he could easily dispose of it there; but that if I thought fit to give him leave to offer it in my name to the two merchants, the survivors of my trustees, who lived in the Brazils, who most fully understand the value of it, who lived just upon the spot, and whom I knew were very rich, so that he believed they would be fond of buying it, he did not doubt but I should make 4,000 or 5,000 pieces of eight the more of it.

Accordingly I agreed, gave him order to offer it to them, and he did so; and in about eight months more, the ship being then returned, he sent me an account that they had accepted the offer, and had remitted 33,000 pieces of eight to a correspondent of theirs at Lisbon to pay for it.

In return, I signed the instrument of sale in the form which they sent from Lisbon, and sent it to my old man, who sent me bills of exchange for 32,800 pieces of eight to me, for the estate; reserving the payment of 100 moidores a year to him, the old man, during his life, and 50 moidores afterwards to his son for this life, which I had promised them, which the plantation was to make good as a rent-charge. And thus I have given the first part of a life of fortune and adventure, a life of Providence ' s checker-worker, and of a variety the world will seldom be able to show the like of; beginning foolishly, but closing much more happily than any part of it ever gave me leave so much as to hope for.

Any one would think that in this state of complicated good fortune I was past running any more hazards; and so indeed I had been, if other circumstances had concurred. But I was inured to a wandering life, had no family, not many relations, nor, however rich, had I contracted much acquaintance; and though I had sold my estate in the Brazils, yet I could not keep the country out of my head, and had a great mind to be upon the wing again; especially I could not resist the strong inclination I had to see my island, and to know if the poor Spaniards were in being there, and how the rogues I left there had used them.

My true friend, the widow, earnestly dissuaded me from it, and so far prevailed with me, that for almost seven years she prevented my running abroad, during which time I took my two nephews, the children of one of my brothers, into my care. The eldest having something of his own, I bred up as a gentleman, and gave him a settlement of some addition to his estate after my decease. The other I put out to a captain of a ship, and after five years, finding him a sensible, bold, enterprising young fellow, I put him into a good ship, and sent him to sea; and this young fellow afterwards drew me in, as old as I was, to farther adventures myself.

In the meantime, I in part settled myself here; for, first of all, I married, and that not either to my disadvantage or dissatisfaction, and had three children, two sons and one daughter; but my wife dying, and my nephew coming home with good success from a voyage to Spain, my inclination to go abroad, and his importunity, prevailed, and engaged me to go in his ship as a private trader to the East Indies. This was in the year 1694.

In this voyage I visited my new colony in the island, saw my successors the Spaniards, had the whole story of lives, and of the villains I left there; how at first they insulted the poor Spaniards, how they afterwards agreed, disagreed, united, separated, and how at last the Spaniards were obliged to use violence with them; how they were subjected to the Spaniards; how honestly the Spaniards used them; a history, if it were entered into, as full of variety and wonderful accidents as my own part; particularly also as to their battles with the Caribbeans, who landed several times upon the island, and as to the improvement they made upon the island, and as to the improvement they made upon the island itself; and how five of them made an attempt upon the mainland, and brought away eleven men and five women prisoners, by which, at my coming, I found about twenty young children on the island.

Here I stayed about twenty days, left them supplies of all necessary things, and particularly of arms, powder, shot, clothes, tools, and two workmen, which I brought from England with me, viz., a carpenter and a smith.

Besides this, I shared the island into parts with them, reserved to myself the property of the whole, but gave them such parts respectively as they agreed on; and having settled all things with them, and engaged them not to leave the place, I left them there.

From thence I touched at the Brazils, from whence I sent a bark, which I bought there, with more people, to the island; and in it, besides other supplies, I sent seven women, being such as I found proper for service, or for wives to such as would take them. As to the Englishmen, I promised them to send them some women from England, with a good cargo of necessaries, if they would apply themselves to planting; which I afterwards performed; and the fellows proved very honest and diligent after they were mastered, and had their properties set apart for them. I sent them also from the Brazilsfive cows, three of them being big with calf, some sheep, and some hogs, which, when I came again, were considerably increased.

But all these things, with an account how three hundred Caribbees came and invaded them, and ruined their plantations, and how they fought with that whole number twice, and were at first defeated and three of them killed; but at last a storm destroying their enemies ' canoes, they famished or destroyed almost all the rest, and renewed and recovered the possession of their plantation, and still lived upon the island; —all these things, with some very surprising incidents, in some new adventures of my own, for often years more, I may perhaps give a farther account of hereafter.

THE END

1

Nací en 1632, en la ciudad de York, de una buena familia, aunque no de la región, pues mi padre era un extranjero de Brema que, inicialmente, se asentó en Hull. Allí consiguió hacerse con una considerable fortuna como comerciante y, más tarde, abandonó sus negocios y se fue a vivir a York, donde se casó con mi madre, que pertenecía a la familia Robinson, una de las buenas familias del condado de la cual obtuve mi nombre, Robinson Kreutznaer. Mas, por la habitual alteración de las palabras que se hace en Inglaterra, ahora nos llaman y nosotros también nos llamamos y escribimos nuestro nombre Crusoe; y así me han llamado siempre mis compañeros.

Tenía dos hermanos mayores, uno de ellos fue coronel de un regimiento de infantería inglesa en Flandes, que antes había estado bajo el mando del célebre coronel Lockhart, y murió en la batalla de Dunkerque contra los españoles. Lo que fue de mi segundo hermano, nunca lo he sabido al igual que mi padre y mi madre tampoco supieron lo que fue de mí.

Como yo era el tercer hijo de la familia y no me había educado en ningún oficio, desde muy pequeño me pasaba la vida divagando. Mi padre, que era ya muy anciano, me había dado una buena educación, tan buena como puede ser la educación en casa y en las escuelas rurales gratuitas, y su intención era que estudiara leyes. Pero a mí nada me entusiasmaba tanto como el mar, y dominado por este deseo, me negaba a acatar la voluntad, las órdenes, más bien, de mi padre y a escuchar las súplicas y ruegos de mi madre y mis amigos. Parecía que hubiese algo de fatalidad en aquella propensión natural que me encaminaba a la vida de sufrimientos y miserias que habría de llevar.

Mi padre, un hombre prudente y discreto, me dio sabios y excelentes consejos para disuadirme de llevar a cabo lo que, adivinaba, era mi proyecto. Una mañana me llamó a su recámara, donde le confinaba la gota, y me instó amorosamente, aunque con vehemencia, a abandonar esta idea. Me preguntó qué razones podía tener, aparte de una mera vocación de vagabundo, para abandonar la casa paterna y mi país natal, donde sería bien acogido y podría, con dedicación e industria, hacerme con una buena fortuna y vivir una vida cómoda y placentera. Me dijo que sólo los hombres desesperados, por un lado, o extremadamente ambiciosos, por otro, se iban al extranjero en busca de aventuras, para mejorar su estado mediante empresas elevadas o hacerse famosos realizando obras que se salían del camino habitual; que yo estaba muy por encima o por debajo de esas cosas; que mi estado era el estado medio, o lo que se podría llamar el nivel más alto de los niveles bajos, que, según su propia experiencia, era el mejor estado del mundo y el más apto para la felicidad, porque no estaba expuesto a las miserias, privaciones, trabajos ni sufrimientos del sector más vulgar de la humanidad; ni a la vergüenza, el orgullo, el lujo, la ambición ni la envidia de los que pertenecían al sector más alto. Me dijo que podía juzgar por mí mismo la felicidad de este estado, siquiera por un hecho; que este era un estado que el resto de las personas envidiaba; que los reyes a menudo se lamentaban de las consecuencias de haber nacido para grandes propósitos y deseaban haber nacido en el medio de los dos extremos, entre los viles y los grandes; y que el sabio daba testimonio de esto, como el justo parámetro de la verdadera felicidad, cuando rogaba no ser ni rico ni pobre.

Me urgió a que me fijara y me diera cuenta de que los estados superiores e inferiores de la humanidad siempre sufrían calamidades en la vida, mientras que el estado medio padecía menos desastres y estaba menos expuesto a las vicisitudes que los estados más altos y los más bajos; que no padecía tantos desórdenes y desazones del cuerpo y el alma, como los que, por un lado, llevaban una vida llena de vicios, lujos y extravagancias, o los que, por el otro, sufrían por el trabajo excesivo, la necesidad y la falta o insuficiencia de alimentos y, luego, se enfermaban por las consecuencias naturales del tipo de vida que llevaban; que el estado medio de la vida proveía todo tipo de virtudes y deleites; que la paz y la plenitud estaban al servicio de una fortuna media; que la templanza, la moderación, la calma, la salud, el sosiego, todas las diversiones agradables y todos los placeres deseables eran las bendiciones que aguardaban a la vida en el estado medio; que, de este modo, los hombres pasaban tranquila y silenciosamente por el mundo y partían cómodamente de él, sin avergonzarse de la labor realizada por sus manos o su mente, ni venderse como esclavos por el pan de cada día, ni padecer el agobio de las circunstancias adversas que le roban la paz al alma y el descanso al cuerpo; que no sufren por la envidia ni la secreta quemazón de la ambición por las grandes cosas, más bien, en circunstancias agradables, pasan suavemente por el mundo, saboreando a conciencia las dulzuras de la vida, y no sus amarguras, sintiéndose felices y dándose cuenta, por las experiencias de cada día, de que realmente lo son.

Después de esto, me rogó encarecidamente y del modo más afectuoso posible, que no actuara como un niño, que no me precipitara a las miserias de las que la naturaleza y el estado en el que había nacido me eximían. Me dijo que no tenía ninguna necesidad de buscarme el pan; que él sería bueno conmigo y me ayudaría cuanto pudiese a entrar felizmente en el estado de la vida que me había estado aconsejando; y que si no me sentía feliz y cómodo en el mundo, debía ser simplemente por mi destino o por mi culpa; y que él no se hacía responsable de nada porque había cumplido con su deber, advirtiéndome sobre unas acciones que, él sabía, podían perjudicarme. En pocas palabras, que así como sería bueno conmigo si me quedaba y me asentaba en casa como él decía, en modo alguno se haría partícipe de mis desgracias, animándome a que me fuera. Para finalizar, me dijo que tomara el ejemplo de mi hermano mayor, con quien había empleado inútilmente los mismos argumentos para disuadirlo de que fuera a la guerra en los Países Bajos, quien no pudo controlar sus deseos de juventud y se alistó en el ejército, donde murió; que aunque no dejaría de orar por mí, se atrevía a decirme que si no desistía de dar un paso tan absurdo, no tendría la bendición de Dios; y que en el futuro, tendría tiempo para pensar que no había seguido su consejo cuando tal vez ya no hubiera nadie que me pudiese ayudar.

Me di cuenta, en esta última parte de su discurso, que fue verdaderamente profético, aunque supongo que mi padre no lo sabía en ese momento; decía que pude ver que por el rostro de mi padre bajaban abundantes lágrimas, en especial, cuando hablaba de mi hermano muerto; y cuando me dijo que ya tendría tiempo para arrepentirme y que no habría nadie que pudiese ayudarme, estaba tan conmovido que se le quebró la voz y tenía el corazón tan oprimido, que ya no pudo decir nada más.

Me sentí sinceramente emocionado por su discurso, ¿y quién no?, y decidí no pensar más en viajar sino en establecerme en casa, conforme con los deseos de mi padre. Mas, ¡ay!, a los pocos días cambié de opinión y, para evitar que mi padre me siguiera importunando, unas semanas después, decidí huir de casa. Sin embargo, no actué precipitadamente, ni me dejé llevar por la urgencia de un primer impulso. Un día, me pareció que mi madre se sentía mejor que de ordinario y, llamándola aparte, le dije que era tan grande mi afán por ver el mundo, que nunca podría emprender otra actividad con la determinación necesaria para llevarla a cabo; que mejor era que mi padre me diera su consentimiento a que me forzara a irme sin él; que tenía dieciocho años, por lo que ya era muy mayor para empezar como aprendiz de un oficio o como ayudante de un abogado; y que estaba seguro de que si lo hacía, nunca lo terminaría y, en poco tiempo, huiría de mi maestro para irme al mar. Le pedí que hablara con mi padre y le persuadiera de dejarme hacer tan solo un viaje por mar. Si regresaba a casa porque no me gustaba, jamás volvería a marcharme y me aplicaría doblemente para recuperar el tiempo perdido.

Estas palabras enfurecieron a mi madre. Me dijo que no tenía ningún sentido hablar con mi padre sobre ese asunto pues él sabía muy bien cuál era mi interés en que diera su consentimiento para algo que podía perjudicarme tanto; que ella se preguntaba cómo podía pensar algo así después de la conversación que había tenido con mi padre y de las expresiones de afecto y ternura que había utilizado conmigo; en pocas palabras, que si yo quería arruinar mi vida, ellos no tendrían forma de evitarlo pero que tuviera por cierto que nunca tendría su consentimiento para hacerlo; y que, por su parte, no quería hacerse partícipe de mi destrucción para que nunca pudiese decirse que mi madre había accedido a algo a lo que mi padre se había opuesto.

Aunque mi madre se negó a decírselo a mi padre, supe después que se lo había contado todo y que mi padre, muy acongojado, le dijo suspirando: -Ese chico sería feliz si se quedara en casa, pero si se marcha, será el más miserable y desgraciado de los hombres. No puedo darle mi consentimiento para esto.

En menos de un año me di a la fuga. Durante todo ese tiempo me mantuve obstinadamente sordo a cualquier proposición encaminada a que me asentara. A menudo discutía con mi padre y mi madre sobre su rígida determinación en contra de mis deseos. Mas, cierto día, estando en Hull, a donde había ido por casualidad y sin ninguna intención de fugarme; estando allí, como digo, uno de mis amigos, que se embarcaba rumbo a Londres en el barco de su padre, me invitó a acompañarlos, con el cebo del que ordinariamente se sirven los marineros, es decir, diciéndome que no me costaría nada el pasaje. No volví a consultarle a mi padre ni a mi madre, ni siquiera les envié recado de mi decisión. Más bien, dejé que se enteraran como pudiesen y sin encomendarme a Dios o a mi padre, ni considerar las circunstancias o las consecuencias, me embarqué el primer día de septiembre de 1651, día funesto, ¡Dios lo sabe!, en un barco con destino a Londres. Creo que nunca ha existido un joven aventurero cuyos infortunios empezasen tan pronto y durasen tanto tiempo como los míos. Apenas la embarcación había salido del puerto, se levantó un fuerte vendaval y el mar comenzó a agitarse con una violencia aterradora. Como nunca antes había estado en el mar, empecé a sentir un malestar en el cuerpo y un terror en el alma muy difíciles de expresar. Comencé entonces a pensar seriamente en lo que había hecho y en que estaba siendo justamente castigado por el Cielo por abandonar la casa de mi padre y mis obligaciones. De repente recordé todos los buenos consejos de mis padres, las lágrimas de mi padre y las súplicas de mi madre. Mi corazón, que aún no se había endurecido, me reprochaba por haber desobedecido a sus advertencias y haber olvidado mi deber hacia Dios y hacia mi padre.

Mientras tanto, la tormenta arreciaba y el mar, en el que no había estado nunca antes, se encrespó muchísimo, aunque nada comparado con lo que he visto otras veces desde entonces; no, ni con lo que vi pocos días después. Sin embargo, era suficiente para asustarme, pues entonces apenas era un joven navegante que jamás había visto algo así. A cada ola, esperaba que el mar nos tragara y cada vez que el barco caía en lo que a mí me parecía el fondo del mar, pensaba que no volvería a salir a flote. En esta agonía física y mental, hice muchas promesas y resoluciones. Si Dios quería salvarme la vida en este viaje, si volvía a pisar tierra firme, me iría directamente a casa de mi padre y no volvería a montarme en un barco mientras viviese; seguiría sus consejos y no volvería a verme sumido en la miseria. Ahora veía claramente la bondad de sus argumentos a favor del estado medio de la vida y lo fácil y confortablemente que había vivido sus días, sin exponerse a tempestades en el mar ni a problemas en la tierra. Decidí que, como un verdadero hijo pródigo arrepentido, iría a la casa de mi padre.

Estos pensamientos sabios y prudentes me acompañaron lo que duró la tormenta, incluso, un tiempo después. No obstante, al día siguiente, el viento menguó, el mar se calmó y yo comenzaba a acostumbrarme al barco. Estuve bastante circunspecto todo el día porque aún me sentía un poco mareado, pero hacia el atardecer, el tiempo se despejó, el viento amainó y siguió una tarde encantadora. Al ponerse el sol, el cielo estaba completamente despejado y así siguió hasta el amanecer. No había viento, o casi nada y el sol se reflejaba luminoso sobre la tranquila superficie del mar. En estas condiciones, disfruté del espectáculo más deleitoso que jamás hubiera visto.

Había dormido bien toda la noche y ya no estaba mareado sino más bien animado, contemplando con asombro el mar, que había estado tan agitado y terrible el día anterior, y que, en tan poco tiempo se había tornado apacible y placentero. Entonces, como para evitar que prosiguiera en mis buenos propósitos, el compañero que me había incitado a partir, se me acercó y me dijo: -Bueno, Bob -dijo dándome una palmada en el hombro-, ¿cómo te sientes después de esto? Estoy seguro de que anoche, cuando apenas soplaba una ráfaga de viento, estabas asustado, ¿no es cierto? -¿Llamarías a eso una ráfaga de viento? -dije yo-, aquello fue una tormenta terrible. -¿Una tormenta, tonto? -me contestó-, ¿llamas a eso una tormenta? Pero si no fue nada; teniendo un buen barco y estando en mar abierto, no nos preocupamos por una borrasca como esa. Lo que pasa es que no eres más que un marinero de agua dulce, Bob. Ven, vamos a preparar una jarra de ponche y olvidémoslo todo. ¿No ves qué tiempo maravilloso hace ahora? Para abreviar esta penosa parte de mi relato, diré que hicimos lo que habitualmente hacen los marineros. Preparamos el ponche y me emborraché y, en esa noche de borrachera, ahogué todo mi remordimiento, mis reflexiones sobre mi conducta pasada y mis resoluciones para el futuro. En pocas palabras, a medida que el mar se calmaba después de la tormenta, mis atropellados pensamientos de la noche anterior comenzaron a desaparecer y fui perdiendo el temor a ser tragado por el mar. Entonces, retornaron mis antiguos deseos y me olvidé por completo de las promesas que había hecho en mi desesperación. Aún tuve algunos momentos de reflexión en los que procuraba recobrar la sensatez pero, me sacudía como si de una enfermedad se tratase. Dedicándome de lleno a la bebida y a la compañía, logré vencer esos ataques, como los llamaba entonces y en cinco o seis días logré una victoria total sobre mi conciencia, como lo habría deseado cualquier joven que hubiera decidido no dejarse abatir por ella. Pero aún me faltaba superar otra prueba y la Providencia, como suele hacer en estos casos, decidió dejarme sin la menor excusa. Si no había tomado lo sucedido como una advertencia, lo que vino después, fue de tal magnitud, que hasta el más implacable y empedernido miserable, habría advertido el peligro y habría implorado misericordia.

Al sexto día de navegación, llegamos a las radas de Yarmouth. Como el viento había estado contrario y el tiempo tan calmado, habíamos avanzado muy poco después de la tormenta. Allí tuvimos que anclar y allí permanecimos, mientras el viento seguía soplando contrario, es decir, del sudoeste, a lo largo de siete u ocho días, durante los cuales, muchos barcos de Newcastle llegaron a las mismas radas, que eran una bahía en la que los barcos, habitualmente, esperaban a que el viento soplara favorablemente para pasar el río.

Sin embargo, nuestra intención no era permanecer allí tanto tiempo, sino remontar el río. Pero el viento comenzó a soplar fuertemente y, al cabo de cuatro o cinco días, continuó haciéndolo con mayor intensidad. No obstante, las radas se consideraban un lugar tan seguro como los puertos, estábamos bien anclados y nuestros aparejos eran resistentes, por lo que nuestros hombres no se preocupaban ni sentían el más mínimo temor; más bien, se pasaban el día descansando y divirtiéndose del modo en que lo hacen los marineros. En la mañana del octavo día, el viento aumentó y todos pusimos manos a la obra para nivelar el mástil y aparejar todo para que el barco resistiera lo mejor posible. Al mediodía, el mar se levantó tanto, que el castillo de proa se sumergió varias veces y en una o dos ocasiones pensamos que se nos había soltado el ancla, por lo que el capitán ordenó que echáramos la de emergencia para sostener la nave con dos anclas a proa y los cables estirados al máximo.

Se desató una terrible tempestad y, entonces, empecé a vislumbrar el terror y el asombro en los rostros de los marineros. El capitán, aunque estaba al tanto de las maniobras para salvar el barco, mientras entraba y salía de su camarote, que estaba junto al mío, murmuraba para sí: «Señor, ten piedad de nosotros, es el fin, estamos perdidos», y cosas por el estilo. Durante estos primeros momentos de apuro, me comporté estúpidamente, paralizado en mi cabina, que estaba en la proa; no soy capaz de describir cómo me sentía. Apenas podía volver a asumir el primer remordimiento, del que, aparentemente, había logrado liberarme y contra el que me había empecinado. Pensé que había superado el temor a la muerte y que esto no sería nada, como la primera vez, mas cuando el capitán se me acercó, como acabo de decir, y dijo que estábamos perdidos, me sentí aterrorizado. Me levanté, salí de mi camarote y miré a mi alrededor; nunca había visto un espectáculo tan desolador. Las olas se elevaban como montañas y nos abatían cada tres o cuatro minutos; lo único que podía ver a mi alrededor era desolación. Dos barcos que estaban cerca del nuestro habían tenido que cortar sus mástiles a la altura del puente, para no hundirse por el peso, y nuestros hombres gritaban que un barco, que estaba fondeado a una milla de nosotros, se había hundido. Otros dos barcos que se habían zafado de sus anclas eran peligrosamente arrastrados hacia el mar sin siquiera un mástil. Los barcos livianos resistían mejor porque no sufrían tanto los embates del mar pero dos o tres de ellos se fueron a la deriva y pasaron cerca de nosotros, con solo el foque al viento.

Hacia la tarde, el piloto y el contramaestre le pidieron al capitán de nuestro barco que les permitiera cortar el palo del trinquete, a lo que el capitán se negó. Mas cuando el contramaestre protestó diciendo que si no lo hacían, el barco se hundiría, accedió. Cuando cortaron el palo, el mástil se quedó tan al descubierto y desestabilizó la nave de tal modo, que se vieron obligados a cortarlo también y dejar la cubierta totalmente arrasada.

Cualquiera podría imaginarse cómo me sentía en este momento, pues no era más que un aprendiz de marinero, que tan solo unos días antes se había aterrorizado ante muy poca cosa. Pero si me es posible expresar, al cabo de tanto tiempo, lo que pensaba entonces, diré que estaba diez veces más asustado por haber abandonado mis resoluciones y haber retomado mis antiguas convicciones, que por el peligro de muerte ante el que me encontraba. Todo esto, sumado al terror de la tempestad, me puso en un estado de ánimo, que no podría describir con palabras. Pero aún no había ocurrido lo peor, pues la tempestad se ensañaba con tal furia que los propios marineros admitían que nunca habían visto una peor. Teníamos un buen barco pero llevábamos demasiado peso y esto lo hacía bambolearse tanto, que los marineros, a cada rato, gritaban que se iría a pique. Esto obraba a mi favor porque no sabía lo que quería decir «irse a pique» hasta que lo pregunté. La tempestad arreciaba tanto que pude ver algo que no se ve muy a menudo: el capitán, el contramaestre y algunos otros más sensatos que los demás, se pusieron a rezar, esperando que, de un momento a otro, el barco se hundiera. A medianoche, y para colmo de nuestras desgracias, uno de los hombres que había bajado a ver la situación, gritó que teníamos una grieta y otro dijo que teníamos cuatro pies de agua en la bodega. Entonces nos llamaron a todos para poner en marcha la bomba. Al oír esta palabra, pensé que me moría y caí de espaldas sobre uno de los costados de mi cama, donde estaba sentado. Sin embargo, los hombres me levantaron y me dijeron que, ya que no había hecho nada antes, que muy bien podía ayudar con la bomba como cualquiera de ellos. Al oír esto, me levanté rápidamente, me dirigí a la bomba y me puse a trabajar con todas las fuerzas de mi corazón. Mientras tanto, el capitán había divisado unos pequeños barcos carboneros que no podían resistir la tormenta anclados y tuvieron que lanzarse al mar abierto. Cuando pasaron cerca de nosotros, ordenó disparar un cañonazo para pedir socorro. Yo, que no tenía idea de lo que eso significaba, me sorprendí tanto que pensé que el barco se había quebrado o que algo espantoso había ocurrido. En pocas palabras, me sorprendió tanto que me desmayé. En ese momento, cada cual velaba por su propia vida, de modo que nadie se preocupó por mí o por lo que pudiera pasarme. Un hombre se acercó a la bomba y apartándome con el pie, me dejó allí tendido, pensando que había muerto; y pasó un buen rato antes de que recuperara el sentido.

Seguimos trabajando pero el agua no cesaba de entrar en la bodega y era evidente que el barco se hundiría. Aunque la fuerza de la tormenta comenzó a disminuir un poco, no era posible que el barco pudiera llegar a puerto, por lo que el capitán siguió disparando cañonazos en señal de auxilio. Un barco pequeño, que se había soltado justo delante de nosotros, envió un bote para rescatarnos. Con gran dificultad, el bote se aproximó a nosotros pero no podía mantenerse cerca del barco ni nosotros subir a bordo. Por fin, los hombres que iban en el bote comenzaron a remar con todas sus fuerza, arriesgando su vida para salvarnos, y nuestros hombres les lanzaron un cable con una boya por popa. Después de muchas dificultades, pudieron asirlo y así los acercamos hasta la popa y conseguimos subir a bordo. Ni ellos ni nosotros le vimos ningún sentido a tratar de llegar hasta su nave así que acordamos dejarnos llevar por la corriente, limitándonos a enderezar el bote hacia la costa lo más que pudiéramos. Nuestro capitán les prometió que, si el bote se destrozaba al llegar a la orilla, él se haría cargo de indemnizar a su capitán. Así, pues, con la ayuda de los remos y la corriente, nuestro bote fue avanzando hacia el norte, en dirección oblicua a la costa, hasta Winterton Ness.

No había transcurrido mucho más de un cuarto de hora desde que abandonáramos nuestro barco, cuando lo vimos hundirse. Entonces comprendí, por primera vez, lo que significa «irse a pique». Debo reconocer que no pude levantar la vista cuando los marineros me dijeron que se estaba hundiendo. Desde el momento en que me subieron en el bote, porque no puedo decir que yo lo hiciera, sentía que mi corazón estaba como muerto dentro de mí, en parte por el miedo y en parte por el horror de lo que según pensaba aún me aguardaba.

Mientras estábamos así, los hombres seguían remando para acercar el bote a la costa y podíamos ver, cuando subíamos a la cresta de una ola, que había un montón de gente en la orilla, corriendo de un lado a otro para socorrernos cuando llegáramos. Pero nos movíamos muy lentamente y no nos acercamos a la orilla hasta pasado el faro de Winterton, donde la costa hace una entrada hacia el oeste en dirección a Cromer. Allí, la tierra nos protegía del viento y pudimos llegar a la orilla. Con mucha dificultad, desembarcamos a salvo y, después, fuimos andando hasta Yarmouth, donde, como a hombres desafortunados que éramos, nos trataron con gran humanidad; desde los magistrados del pueblo, que nos proveyeron buen alojamiento, hasta los comerciantes y dueños de barcos, que nos dieron suficiente dinero para llegar a Londres o Hull, según lo deseáramos.

Si hubiese tenido la sensatez de regresar a Hull y volver a casa, habría sido feliz y mi padre, como emblema de la parábola de nuestro bendito Redentor, habría matado su ternero más cebado en mi honor, pues pasó mucho tiempo desde que se enteró de que el barco en el que me había escapado se había hundido en la rada de Yarmouth, hasta que supo que no me había ahogado.

Sin embargo, mi cruel destino me empujaba con una obstinación que no cedía ante nada. Aunque muchas veces sentí los llamados de la razón y el buen juicio para que regresara a casa, no tuve la fuerza de voluntad para hacerlo. No sé cómo definir esto, ni me atrevo a decir que se trata de una secreta e inapelable sentencia que nos empuja a obrar como instrumentos de nuestra propia destrucción y abalanzarnos hacia ella con los ojos abiertos, aunque la tengamos de frente. Ciertamente, solo una desgracia semejante, insoslayable por decreto y de la que en modo alguno podía escapar, pudo haberme obligado a seguir adelante, en contra de los serenos razonamientos y avisos de mi conciencia y de las dos advertencias que había recibido en mi primera experiencia.

Mi compañero, que antes me había ayudado a fortalecer mi decisión y que era hijo del capitán, estaba menos decidido que yo. La primera vez que me habló, que no fue hasta pasados tres o cuatro días de nuestro desembarco en Yarmouth, puesto que en el pueblo nos separaron en distintos alojamientos; como decía, la primera vez que me vio, me pareció notar un cambio en su tono. Con un aspecto melancólico y un movimiento de cabeza me preguntó cómo estaba, le dijo a su padre quién era yo y le explicó que había hecho este viaje a modo de prueba para luego embarcarme en un viaje más largo. Su padre se volvió hacia mí con un gesto de preocupación: -Muchacho -me dijo-, no debes volver a embarcarte nunca más. Debes tomar esto como una señal clara e irrefutable de que no podrás ser marinero. -Pero señor -le dije-, ¿acaso no pensáis volver al mar? -Mi caso es diferente -dijo él-, esta es mi vocación y, por lo tanto, mi deber. Mas, si tú has hecho este viaje como prueba, habrás visto que el cielo te ha dado muestras suficientes de lo que te espera si insistes. Tal vez esto nos haya pasado por tu culpa, como pasó con Jonás en el barco que lo llevaba a Tarsis. Pero dime, por favor, ¿quién eres y por qué te has embarcado? -Entonces, le relaté parte de mi historia, al final de la cual, estalló en un extraño ataque de cólera y dijo: -¿Qué habré hecho yo para que semejante infeliz se montara en mi barco? No pondría un pie en el mismo barco que tú otra vez ni por mil libras esterlinas. Esto fue, como pensaba, una explosión de sus emociones, aún alteradas por la sensación de pérdida, que había rebasado los límites de su autoridad hacia mí. Sin embargo, luego habló serenamente conmigo, me exhortó a que regresara junto a mi padre y no volviera a desafiar a la Providencia, ya que podía ver claramente que la mano del cielo había caído sobre mí. -Y, muchacho dijo-, ten en cuenta lo que te estoy diciendo. Si no regresas, a donde quiera que vayas solo encontrarás desastres y decepciones hasta que se hayan cumplido cabalmente las palabras de tu padre.

Poco después nos separamos sin que yo pudiese contestarle gran cosa y no volví a verlo; hacia dónde fue, no lo sé. Por mi parte, con un poco de dinero en el bolsillo, viajé a Londres por tierra y allí, lo mismo que en el transcurso del viaje, me debatí sobre el rumbo que debía tomar mi vida: si debía regresar a casa o al mar.

Respecto a volver a casa, la vergüenza me hacía rechazar mis buenos impulsos e inmediatamente pensé que mis vecinos se reirían de mí y que me daría vergüenza presentarme, no solo ante mis padres, sino ante el resto del mundo. En este sentido, y desde entonces, he observado lo incongruentes e irracionales que son los seres humanos, especialmente los jóvenes, frente a la razón que debe guiarlos en estos casos; es decir, que no se avergüenzan de pecar sino de arrepentirse de su pecado; que no se avergüenzan de hacer cosas por las que, legítimamente, serían tomados por tontos, sino de retractarse, por lo que serían tomados por sabios.

En este estado permanecí un tiempo, sin saber qué medidas tomar ni por dónde encaminar mi vida. Aún me sentía renuente a volver a casa y, a medida que demoraba mi decisión, se iba disipando el recuerdo de mis desgracias, lo cual, a su vez, hacía disminuir aún más mis débiles intenciones de regresar a casa. Finalmente, me olvidé de ello y me dispuse a buscar la forma de viajar. 

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La nefasta influencia que, en el principio, me había alejado de la casa de mi padre; que me había conducido a seguir la descabellada y absurda idea de hacer fortuna y me había imbuido con tal fuerza dicha presunción que me hizo sordo a todos los sabios consejos, a los ruegos y hasta las órdenes de mi padre; digo, que, esa misma influencia, cualquiera que fuera, me impulsó a realizar la más desafortunada de las empresas. De este modo, me embarqué en un buque rumbo a la costa de África o, como dicen vulgarmente los marineros, emprendí un viaje a Guinea.

Para mi desgracia, en ninguna de estas aventuras me embarqué como marinero. Es verdad que, de ese modo, habría tenido que trabajar un poco más de lo ordinario, pero, al mismo tiempo, habría aprendido los deberes y el oficio de contramaestre y con el tiempo me habría capacitado para ejercer de piloto y oficial, si no de capitán. Sin embargo, como mi destino era siempre elegir lo peor, lo mismo hice en este caso, pues, bien vestido y con dinero en el bolsillo, subía siempre a bordo como un señor. Nunca realicé ninguna tarea en el barco ni aprendí a hacer nada.

Al poco tiempo de mi llegada a Londres, tuve la fortuna de encontrar muy buena compañía, cosa que no siempre les ocurre a jóvenes tan negligentes y desencaminados como lo era yo entonces, pues el diablo no pierde la oportunidad de tenderles sus trampas muy pronto. Mas, no fue esa mi suerte. En primer lugar, conocí al capitán de un barco que había estado en la costa de Guinea y, como había tenido mucho éxito allí, estaba resuelto a volver. Este hombre, escuchó gustosamente mi conversación, que en aquel momento no era nada desagradable, y cuando me oyó decir que tenía la intención de ver el mundo, me dijo que si quería irme con él, no me costaría un centavo; que sería su compañero de mesa y de viaje y que, si quería llevarme alguna cosa conmigo, le sacaría todo el provecho que el comercio proporcionaba y, tal vez, encontraría un poco de estímulo.

Acepté su oferta y entablé una estrecha amistad con este capitán, que era un hombre franco y honesto. Emprendí el viaje con él y me llevé, una pequeña cantidad de mercan cía que, gracias a la desinteresada honestidad de mi amigo el capitán, pude acrecentar considerablemente. Llevaba como cuarenta libras de bagatelas y fruslerías que el capitán me había indicado. Reuní las cuarenta libras con la ayuda de los parientes con los que mantenía correspondencia, y quienes, seguramente, convencieron a mi padre, o al menos a mi madre, de que contribuyeran con algo para mi primer viaje.

Esta expedición fue, de todas mis aventuras, la única afortunada. Esto se lo debo a la integridad y honestidad de mi amigo el capitán, de quien también obtuve un conocimiento digno de las matemáticas y de las reglas de navegación, aprendí a llevar una bitácora de viaje y a fijar la posición del barco. En pocas palabras, me transmitió conocimientos imprescindibles para un marinero, que él se deleitaba enseñándome y yo, aprendiendo. Así fue como en este viaje me hice marinero y comerciante, ya que obtuve cinco libras y nueve onzas de oro en polvo a cambio de mis chucherías, que, al llegar a Londres, me produjeron una ganancia de casi trescientas libras esterlinas. Esto me llenó la cabeza de todos los pensamientos ambiciosos que desde entonces me llevaron a la ruina.

Con todo, en este viaje también pasé muchos apuros. Estuve enfermo continuamente, con violentas calenturas, a causa del clima, excesivamente caluroso, pues la mayor parte de nuestro tráfico se llevaba a cabo en la costa, que estaba a quince grados de latitud norte hasta la misma línea del ecuador.

A estas alturas, podía considerarme un experto en el comercio con Guinea. Para mi desgracia, mi amigo murió al poco tiempo de nuestro regreso. No obstante, decidí hacer el mismo viaje otra vez y me embarqué en el mismo navío, con uno que había sido oficial en el primer viaje y ahora había pasado a ser capitán. Este viaje fue el más desdichado que hombre alguno pudiera hacer en su vida, pese a que llevé menos de cien libras esterlinas de mi recién adquirida fortuna, dejando las otras doscientas libras al cuidado de la viuda de mi amigo, que era muy buena conmigo. En este viaje padecí terribles desgracias y esta fue la primera: mientras nuestro barco avanzaba hacia las Islas Canarias, o más bien entre estas islas y la costa africana, fuimos sorprendidos, en la penumbra del alba, por un corsario turco de Salé, que nos persiguió a toda vela. Nosotros también nos apresuramos a desplegar todo el velamen del que disponíamos o el que podían sostener nuestros mástiles, a fin de escapar. Mas, viendo que el pirata se nos acercaba y que nos alcanzaría en cuestión de pocas horas, nos pertrechamos para el combate; para esto, nuestro barco contaba con doce cañones, mientras que el del pirata tenía dieciocho. A eso de las tres de la tarde nos alcanzaron, pero por un error de maniobra, se aproximó transversalmente a la borda de nuestro barco, en vez de hacerlo por popa, como era su intención. Nosotros llevamos ocho de nuestros cañones a ese lado y le disparamos una descarga que le hizo virar nuevamente, después de responder a nuestro fuego con la nutrida fusilería de los casi doscientos hombres que llevaba a bordo. No obstante, ninguno de nuestros hombres resultó herido, ya que estaban todos muy bien protegidos. Se prepararon para volver a atacar y nosotros, para defendernos, pero esta vez, por el otro lado, subieron sesenta hombres a la cubierta de nuestro barco e, inmediatamente, se pusieron a cortar y romper los puentes y el aparejo. Les respondimos con fuego de fusilería, picas de abordaje, granadas y otras armas y logramos despejar la cubierta dos veces. Para acortar esta melancólica parte de nuestro relato, diré que, con nuestro barco maltrecho, tres hombres muertos y ocho heridos, tuvimos que rendirnos y fuimos llevados como prisioneros a Salé, un puerto que pertenecía a los moros.

El trato que allí recibí no fue tan terrible como temía al principio, pues, no me llevaron al interior del país a la corte del emperador, como le ocurrió al resto de nuestros hombres. El capitán de los corsarios decidió retenerme como parte de su botín y, puesto que era joven y listo, y podía serle útil para sus negocios, me hizo su esclavo. Ante este inesperado cambio de circunstancias, por el que había pasado de ser un experto comerciante a un miserable esclavo, me sentía profundamente consternado. Entonces, recordé las proféticas palabras de mi padre, cuando me advertía que sería un desgraciado y no hallaría a nadie que pudiera ayudarme. Me parecía que estas palabras no podían haberse cumplido más al pie de la letra y que la mano del cielo había caído sobre mí; me hallaba perdido y sin salvación. Mas, ¡ay!, esto era solo una muestra de las desgracias que me aguardaban, como se verá en lo que sigue de esta historia.

Como mi nuevo patrón, o señor, me había llevado a su casa, tenía la esperanza de que me llevara consigo cuando volviese al mar. Estaba convencido de que, tarde o temprano, su destino sería caer prisionero de la armada española o portuguesa y, de ese modo, yo recobraría mi libertad. Pero muy pronto se desvanecieron mis esperanzas, porque, cuando partió hacia el mar, me dejó en tierra a cargo de su jardincillo y de las tareas domésticas que suelen desempeñar los esclavos, y cuando regresó de su viaje, me ordenó permanecer a bordo del barco para custodiarlo.

En aquel tiempo, no pensaba en otra cosa que en fugarme y en la mejor forma de hacerlo, pero no lograba hallar ningún método que fuera mínimamente viable. No había ningún indicio racional de que pudiera llevar a cabo mis planes, pues, no tenía a nadie a quien comunicárselos ni que estuviera dispuesto a acompañarme. Tampoco tenía amigos entre los esclavos, ni había por allí ningún otro inglés, irlandés o escocés aparte de mí. Así, pues, durante dos años, si bien me complacía con la idea, no tenía ninguna perspectiva alentadora de realizarla.

Al cabo de casi dos años se presentó una extraña circunstancia que reavivó mis intenciones de hacer algo por recobrar mi libertad. Mi amo permanecía en casa por más tiempo de lo habitual y sin alistar la nave (según oí, por falta de dinero). Una o dos veces por semana, si hacía buen tiempo, cogía la pinaza del barco y salía a pescar a la rada. A menudo, nos llevaba a mí y a un joven morisco para que remáramos, pues le agradábamos mucho. Yo di muestras de ser tan diestro en la pesca que, a veces, me mandaba con uno de sus parientes moros y con el joven, el morisco, a fin de que le trajésemos pescado para la comida.

Una vez, mientras íbamos a pescar en una mañana clara y tranquila, se levantó una niebla tan espesa que, aun estando a media legua de la costa, no podíamos divisarla, de manera que nos pusimos a remar sin saber en qué dirección, y así estuvimos remando todo el día y la noche. Cuando amaneció, nos dimos cuenta de que habíamos remado mar adentro en vez de hacia la costa y que estábamos, al menos, a dos leguas de la orilla. No obstante, logramos regresar, no sin mucho esfuerzo y peligro, porque el viento comenzó a soplar con fuerza en la mañana y estábamos débiles por el hambre.

Nuestro amo, prevenido por este desastre, decidió ser más cuidadoso en el futuro. Usaría la chalupa de nuestro barco inglés y no volvería a salir de pesca sin llevar consigo la brújula y algunas provisiones. Entonces, le ordenó al carpintero de su barco, que también era un esclavo inglés, que construyera un pequeño camarote o cabina en medio de la chalupa, como las que tienen las barcazas, con espacio suficiente a popa, para que se pudiese largar la vela mayor y, a proa, para que dos hombres pudiesen manipular las velas. La chalupa navegaba con una vela triangular, que llamábamos lomo de cordero y la bomba estaba asegurada sobre el techo del camarote. Este era bajo y muy cómodo y suficientemente amplio para guarecer a mi amo y a uno o dos de sus esclavos. Tenía una mesa para comer y unos pequeños armarios para guardar algunas botellas de su licor favorito y, sobre todo, su pan, su arroz y su café.

A menudo salíamos a pescar en este bote y, como yo era el pescador más diestro, nunca salía sin mí. Sucedió que un día, para divertirse o pescar, había hecho planes para salir con dos o tres moros que gozaban de cierto prestigio en el lugar y a quienes quería agasajar espléndidamente. Para esto, ordenó que la noche anterior se llevaran a bordo más provisiones que las habituales y me mandó preparar pólvora y municiones para tres escopetas que llevaba a bordo, pues pensaba cazar, además de pescar.

Aparejé todas las cosas como me había indicado y esperé a la mañana siguiente con la chalupa limpia, su insignia y sus gallardetes enarbolados, y todo lo necesario para acomodar a sus huéspedes. De pronto, mi amo subió a bordo solo y me dijo que sus huéspedes habían cancelado el paseo, a causa de un asunto imprevisto, y me ordenó, como de costumbre, salir en la chalupa con el moro y el joven a pescar, ya que sus amigos vendrían a cenar a su casa. Me mandó que, tan pronto hubiese cogido algunos peces, los llevara a su casa; y así me dispuse a hacerlo.

En ese momento, volvieron a mi mente aquellas antiguas esperanzas de libertad, ya que tendría una pequeña embarcación a mi cargo. Así, pues, cuando mi amo se hubo marchado, preparé mis cosas, no para pescar sino para emprender un viaje, aunque no sabía, ni me detuve a pensar, qué dirección debía tomar, convencido de que, cualquier rumbo que me alejara de ese lugar, sería el correcto.

Mi primera artimaña fue buscar un pretexto para convencer al moro de que necesitábamos embarcar provisiones para nosotros porque no podíamos comernos el pan de nuestro amo. Me respondió que era cierto y trajo una gran canasta con galletas o bizcochos de los que ellos confeccionaban y tres tinajas de agua. Yo sabía dónde estaba la caja de licores de mi amo, que, evidentemente, por la marca, había adquirido del botín de algún barco inglés, de modo que la subí a bordo, mientras el moro estaba en la playa, para que pareciera que estaba allí por orden del amo. Me llevé también un bloque de cera qué pesaba más de cincuenta libras, un rollo de bramante o cuerda, un hacha, una sierra y un martillo, que me fueron de gran utilidad posteriormente, sobre todo la cera, para hacer velas. Le tendí otra trampa, en la cual cayó con la misma ingenuidad. Su nombre era Ismael pero lo llamaban Muly o Moley. -Moley -le dije-, las armas de nuestro amo están a bordo del bote, ¿no podrías traer un poco de pólvora y municiones? Tal vez podamos cazar algún alcamar (un ave parecida a nuestros chorlitos). Sé que el patrón guarda las municiones en el barco. -Sí -me respondió-, traeré algunas. Apareció con un gran saco de cuero que contenía cerca de una libra y media de pólvora, quizás más, y otro con municiones, que pesaba cinco o seis libras. También trajo algunas balas, y lo subió todo a bordo de la chalupa. Mientras tanto, yo había encontrado un poco de pólvora en el camarote de mi amo, con la que llené uno de los botellones de la caja, que estaba casi vacío, y eché su contenido en otra botella. De este modo, abastecidos con todo lo necesario, salimos del puerto para pescar. Los del castillo, que estaba a la entrada del puerto, nos conocían y no nos prestaron atención. A menos de una milla del puerto, recogimos las velas y nos pusimos a pescar. El viento soplaba del norte-noreste, lo cual era contrario a lo que yo deseaba, ya que si hubiera soplado del sur, con toda seguridad nos habría llevado a las costas de España, por lo menos, a la bahía de Cádiz. Mas estaba resuelto a que, soplara hacia donde soplara, me alejaría de ese horrible lugar. El resto, quedaba en manos del destino.

Después de estar un rato pescando y no haber cogido nada, porque cuando tenía algún pez en el anzuelo, no lo sacaba para que el moro no lo viera, le dije: -Aquí no vamos a pescar nada y no vamos a poder complacer a nuestro amo. Será mejor que nos alejemos un poco. Él, sin sospechar nada, accedió y, como estaba en la proa del barco, desplegó las velas. Yo, que estaba al timón, hice al bote avanzar una legua más y enseguida me puse a fingir que me disponía a pescar. Entonces, entregándole el timón al chico, me acerqué a donde estaba el moro y agachándome como si fuese a recoger algo detrás de él, lo agarré por sorpresa por la entrepierna y lo arrojé al mar por la borda. Inmediatamente subió a la superficie porque flotaba como un corcho. Me llamó, me suplicó que lo dejara subir, me dijo que iría conmigo al fin del mundo y comenzó a nadar hacia el bote con tanta velocidad, que me habría alcanzado en seguida, puesto que soplaba muy poco viento. En ese momento, entré en la cabina y cogiendo una de las armas de caza, le apunté con ella y le dije que no le había hecho daño ni se lo haría si se quedaba tranquilo. -Pero -le dije-, puedes nadar lo suficientemente bien como para llegar a la orilla. El mar está en calma, así que, intenta llegar a ella y no te haré daño, pero, si te acercas al bote, te meteré un tiro en la cabeza, pues estoy decidido a recuperar mi libertad. De este modo, se dio la vuelta y nadó hacia la orilla, y no dudo que haya llegado bien, porque era un excelente nadador.

Tal vez me hubiese convenido llevarme al moro y arrojar al niño al agua, pero, la verdad es que no tenía ninguna razón para confiar en él. Cuando se alejó, me volví al chico, a quien llamaban Xury, y le dije: -Xury, si quieres serme fiel, te haré un gran hombre, pero si no te pasas la mano por la cara -lo cual quiere decir, jurar por Mahoma y la barba de su padre-, tendré que arrojarte también al mar. El niño me sonrió y me habló con tanta inocencia, que no pude menos que confiar en él. Me juró que me sería fiel y que iría conmigo al fin del mundo.

Mientras estuvimos al alcance de la vista del moro, que seguía nadando, mantuve el bote en dirección al mar abierto, más bien un poco inclinado a barlovento, para que pareciera que me dirigía a la boca del estrecho (como en verdad lo habría hecho cualquier persona que estuviera en su sano juicio), pues, ¿quién podía imaginar que navegábamos hacia el sur, rumbo a una costa bárbara, donde, con toda seguridad, tribus enteras de negros nos rodearían con sus canoas para destruirnos; donde no podríamos tocar tierra ni una sola vez sin ser devorados por las bestias salvajes, o por los hombres salvajes, que eran aún más despiadados que estas?

Pero, tan pronto oscureció, cambié el rumbo y enfilé directamente al sur, ligeramente inclinado hacia el este para no alejarme demasiado de la costa. Con el buen viento que soplaba y el mar en calma, navegamos tan bien que, al día siguiente, a las tres de la tarde, cuando vi tierra por primera vez, no podía estar a menos de ciento cincuenta millas al sur de Salé, mucho más allá de los dominios del emperador de Marruecos, o, quizás, de cualquier otro monarca de aquellos lares, ya que no se divisaba persona alguna.

No obstante, era tal el temor que tenía de los moros y de caer en sus manos, que no me detuve, ni me acerqué a la orilla, ni bajé anclas (pues el viento seguía soplando favorablemente). Decidí seguir navegando en el mismo rumbo durante otros cinco días. Cuando el viento comenzó a soplar del sur, decidí que si alguno de nuestros barcos había salido a buscarnos, a estas alturas se habría dado por vencido. Así, pues, me aventuré a acercarme a la costa y me anclé en la boca de un pequeño río, sin saber cuál era, ni dónde estaba, ni en qué latitud se encontraba, ni en qué país o en qué nación. No podía divisar a nadie, ni deseaba hacerlo, porque lo único que me interesaba era conseguir agua fresca. Llegamos al estuario por la tarde y decidimos llegar a nado a la costa tan pronto oscureciera, para explorar el lugar. Mas, tan pronto oscureció, comenzamos a escuchar un aterrador ruido de ladridos, aullidos, bramidos y rugidos de animales feroces, desconocidos para nosotros. El pobre chico estaba a punto de morirse de miedo y me suplicó que no fuéramos a la orilla hasta que se hiciese de día. -Bien, Xury -le dije-, entonces no lo haremos, pero puede que en el día veamos hombres tan peligrosos como esos leones. -Entonces les disparamos escopeta -dijo Xury sonriendo-, hacemos huir. Xury había aprendido a hablar un inglés entrecortado, conversando con nosotros los esclavos. Sin embargo, me alegraba ver que el chico estuviera tan contento y, para animarlo, le di a beber un pequeño trago (de la caja de botellas de nuestro amo). Después de todo, el consejo de Xury me parecía razonable y lo acepté. Echamos nuestra pequeña ancla y permanecimos tranquilos toda la noche; digo tranquilos porque ninguno de los dos pudo dormir. Al cabo de dos o tres horas, comenzamos a ver que enormes criaturas (pues no sabíamos qué llamarlas) de todo tipo, descendían hasta la playa y se metían en el agua, revolcándose y lavándose, por el mero placer de refrescarse, mientras emitían gritos y aullidos como nunca los habíamos escuchado.

Xury estaba aterrorizado y, en verdad, yo también lo estaba, pero nos asustamos mucho más cuando advertimos que una de esas poderosas criaturas nadaba hacia nuestro bote. No podíamos verla pero, por sus resoplidos, parecía una bestia enorme, monstruosa y feroz. Xury decía que era un león y, tal vez lo fuera, mas yo no lo sabía. El pobre chico me pidió a gritos que leváramos el ancla y remáramos mar adentro. -No -dije-, soltaremos el cable con la boya y nos alejaremos. No podrá seguirnos tan lejos. No bien había dicho esto, cuando me percaté de que la criatura (o lo que fuese) estaba a dos remos de distancia, lo cual me sorprendió mucho. Entré a toda velocidad en la cabina y cogiendo mi escopeta le disparé, lo que le hizo dar la vuelta inmediatamente y ponerse a nadar hacia la playa.

Es imposible describir los horrorosos ruidos, los espeluznantes alaridos y los aullidos que provocamos con el disparo, tanto en la orilla de la playa como tierra adentro, pues creo que esas criaturas nunca antes habían escuchado un sonido igual. Estaba convencido de que no intentaríamos ir a la orilla por la noche y me preguntaba cómo lo haríamos durante el día, pues me parecía que caer en manos de aquellos salvajes era tan terrible como caer en las garras de leones y tigres; al menos a nosotros nos lo parecía.

Sea como fuere, teníamos que ir a la orilla a por agua porque no nos quedaba ni una pinta en el bote; el problema era cuándo y dónde hacerlo. Xury decía que, si le permitía ir a la orilla con una de las tinajas, intentaría buscar agua y traérmela al bote. Le pregunté por qué prefería ir él a que fuera yo mientras él se quedaba en el bote, a lo que respondió con tanto afecto, que desde entonces, lo quise para siempre: -Si los salvajes vienen y me comen, tú escapas. -Entonces, Xury -le dije-, iremos los dos y si vienen los salvajes, los mataremos y, así, no se comerán a ninguno de los dos. Le di un pedazo de galleta para que comiera y otro trago de la caja de botellas del amo, que mencioné anteriormente. Aproximamos el bote a la orilla hasta donde nos pareció prudente y nadamos hasta la playa, sin otra cosa que nuestros brazos y dos tinajas para el agua.

Yo no quería perder de vista el bote, porque temía que los salvajes vinieran en sus canoas río abajo. El chico, que había visto un terreno bajo como a una milla de la costa, se encaminó hacia allí y, al poco tiempo, regresó corriendo hacia mí. Pensé que lo perseguía algún salvaje, o que se había asustado al ver alguna bestia y corrí hacia él para socorrerle. Mas cuando me acerqué, vi que traía algo colgando de los hombros, un animal que había cazado, parecido a una liebre pero de otro color y con las patas más largas. Esto nos alegró mucho, porque parecía buena carne. Pero lo que en realidad alegró al pobre Xury fue darme la noticia de que había encontrado agua fresca y no había visto ningún salvaje.

Poco después, descubrimos que no teníamos que pasar tanto trabajo para buscar agua, porque un poco más arriba del estuario en el que estábamos, había un pequeño torren te del que manaba agua fresca cuando bajaba la marea. Así, pues, llenamos nuestras tinajas, nos dimos un banquete con la liebre que habíamos cazado y nos preparamos para seguir nuestro camino, sin llegar a ver huellas de criaturas humanas en aquella parte de la región.

Como ya había hecho un viaje por estas costas, sabía muy bien que las Islas Canarias y las del Cabo Verde, se hallaban a poca distancia. Mas, como no tenía instrumentos para calcular la latitud en la que estábamos, ni sabía con certeza, o al menos no lo recordaba, en qué latitud estaban las islas, no sabía hacia dónde dirigirme ni cuál sería el mejor momento para hacerlo; de otro modo, me habría sido fácil encontrarlas. No obstante, tenía la esperanza de que, si permanecía cerca de esta costa, hasta llegar a donde traficaban los ingleses, encontraría alguna embarcación en su ruta habitual de comercio, que estuviera dispuesta a ayudarnos.

Según mis cálculos más exactos, el lugar en el que nos encontrábamos debía estar en la región que colindaba con los dominios del emperador de Marruecos y los inhóspitos dominios de los negros, donde solo habitaban las bestias salvajes; una región abandonada por los negros, que se trasladaron al sur por miedo a los moros; y por estos últimos, porque no consideraban que valiera la pena habitarla a causa de su desolación. En resumidas cuentas, unos y otros la habían abandonado por la gran cantidad de tigres, leones, leopardos y demás fieras que allí habitaban. Los moros solo la utilizaban para cazar, actividad que realizaban en grupos de dos o tres mil hombres. Así, pues, en cien millas a lo largo de la costa, no vimos más que un vasto territorio desierto de día, y, de noche, no escuchamos más que aullidos y rugidos de bestias salvajes.

Una o dos veces, durante el día, me pareció ver el Pico de Tenerife, que es el pico más alto de las montañas de Tenerife en las Canarias. Me entraron muchas ganas de aventurarme con la esperanza de llegar allí y, en efecto, lo intenté dos veces, pero el viento contrario y el mar, demasiado alto para mi pequeña embarcación, me hicieron retroceder, por lo que decidí seguir mi primer objetivo y mantenerme cerca de la costa.

Después de abandonar aquel sitio, me vi obligado a volver a tierra varias veces a buscar agua fresca. Una de estas veces, temprano en la mañana, anclamos al pie de un pequeño promontorio, bastante elevado, y allí nos quedamos hasta que la marea, que comenzaba a subir, nos impulsase. Xury, cuyos ojos parecían estar mucho más atentos que los míos, me llamó suavemente y me dijo que retrocediéramos: -Mira allí -me dijo-, monstruo terrible, dormido en la ladera de la colina. Miré hacia donde apuntaba y, ciertamente, vi un monstruo terrible, pues se trataba de un león inmenso que estaba, echado a la orilla de la playa, bajo la sombra de la parte sobresaliente de la colina, que parecía caer sobre él. -Xury -le dije-, debes ir a la playa y matarlo. Me miró aterrorizado y dijo: -¡Matarlo!, me come de una boca. En verdad quería decir de un bocado. No le dije nada más, sino que le ordené que permaneciese quieto. Tomé el arma de mayor tamaño, que era casi como un mosquete, la cargué con abundante pólvora y dos trozos de plomo y la dejé aparte. Entonces cargué otro fusil con dos balas y luego un tercero, pues teníamos tres armas. Apunté lo mejor que pude con el primer arma para dispararle en la cabeza pero como estaba echado con las patas sobre la nariz, los plomos le dieron en una pata, a la altura de la rodilla, y le partieron el hueso. Intentó ponerse en pie mientras rugía ferozmente, pero, como tenía la pata partida, volvió a caer al suelo. Luego se puso en pie con las otras tres patas y lanzó el rugido más espeluznante que jamás hubiese oído. Me sorprendió no haberle dado en la cabeza, e inmediatamente, tomé el segundo fusil, y, pese a que ya había comenzado a alejarse, le disparé otra vez en la cabeza y tuve el placer de verlo caer, emitiendo apenas un quejido y luchando por vivir. Entonces Xury recobró el valor y me pidió que le dejara ir a la orilla. -Está bien, ve -le dije. El chico saltó al agua, sujetando el arma pequeña en una mano. Se acercó al animal, se puso la culata del fusil cerca de la oreja, le disparó nuevamente en la cabeza y lo remató.

Esto era más bien un juego para nosotros, pero no servía para alimentarnos y lamenté haber gastado tres cargas de pólvora en dispararle a un animal que no nos servía para nada. No obstante, Xury dijo que quería llevarse algo, así que subió a bordo y me pidió que le diera el hacha. -¿Para qué la quieres, Xury? -le pregunté. -Yo corto cabeza -me contestó. Pero no pudo hacerlo, de manera que le cortó una pata, que era enorme, y la trajo consigo.

De pronto se me ocurrió que la piel del león podía servirnos de algo y decidí desollarlo si podía. Inmediatamente, nos pusimos a trabajar y Xury demostró ser mucho más diestro que yo en la labor, pues, en realidad, no tenía mucha idea de cómo realizarla. Nos tomó todo el día, pero, por fin, pudimos quitarle la piel y la extendimos sobre la cabina. En dos días se secó al sol y desde entonces, la utilizaba para dormir sobre ella. 

3

Después de esta parada, navegamos hacia el sur durante diez o doce días, consumiendo con parquedad las provisiones, que comenzaban a disminuir rápidamente, y yendo a la orilla solo cuando era necesario para buscar agua fresca. Mi intención era llegar al río Gambia o al Senegal, es decir, a cualquier lugar cerca del Cabo Verde, donde esperaba encontrar algún barco europeo. De lo contrario, no sabía qué rumbo tomar, como no fuese navegar en busca de las islas o morir entre los negros. Sabía que todas las naves que venían de Europa, pasaban por ese cabo, o esas islas, de camino a Guinea, Brasil o las Indias Orientales. En pocas palabras, aposté toda mi fortuna a esa posibilidad, de manera que, encontraba un barco o perecía.

Una vez tomada esta resolución, al cabo de diez días, comencé a advertir que la tierra estaba habitada. En dos o tres lugares, a nuestro paso, vimos gente que nos observaba desde la playa. Nos percatamos de que eran bastante negros y estaban totalmente desnudos. Una vez sentí el impulso de desembarcar y dirigirme a ellos, pero Xury, que era mi mejor consejero, me dijo: -No ir, no ir. No obstante, me dirigí a la playa más cercana para hablar con ellos y vi cómo corrían un buen tramo a lo largo de la playa, a la par que nosotros. Observé que no llevaban ar mas, con la excepción de uno, que llevaba un palo largo y delgado, que, según Xury era una lanza, que arrojaban desde muy lejos y con muy buena puntería. Mantuve, pues, cierta distancia pero me dirigí a ellos como mejor pude, por medio de señas, sobre todo, para expresarles que buscábamos comida. Con un gesto me dijeron que detuviera el bote y ellos nos traerían algo de carne. Bajé un poco las velas y me quedé a la espera. Dos de ellos corrieron tierra adentro y, en menos de media hora, estaban de vuelta con dos piezas de carne seca y un poco de grano, del que se cultiva en estas tierras. Aunque no sabíamos qué era ni una cosa ni la otra, las aceptamos gustosamente. El siguiente problema era cómo recoger lo que nos ofrecían, pues yo no me atrevía a acercarme a la orilla y ellos estaban tan aterrados como nosotros. Entonces, se les ocurrió una forma de hacerlo, que resultaba segura para todos. Dejaron los alimentos en la playa y se alejaron, deteniéndose a una gran distancia, hasta que nosotros lo subimos todo a bordo; luego volvieron a acercarse.

Les hicimos señas de agradecimiento porque no teníamos nada que darles a cambio. Sin embargo, en ese mismo instante surgió la oportunidad de agradecerles el favor, por que mientras estaban en la orilla, se acercaron dos animales gigantescos, uno venía persiguiendo al otro (según nos parecía) con gran saña, desde la montaña hasta la playa. No sabíamos si era un macho que perseguía a una hembra ni si estaban en son de juego o pelea. Tampoco sabíamos si esto era algo habitual, pero nos inclinábamos más hacia la idea contraria; en primer lugar, porque estas bestias famélicas suelen aparecer solamente por la noche; en segundo lugar, porque la gente estaba aterrorizada, en especial, las mujeres. El hombre que llevaba la lanza no huyó, aunque el resto sí lo hizo. Los dos animales se dirigieron hacia el agua y, al parecer, no tenían intención de atacar a los negros. Se zambulleron en el agua y comenzaron a nadar como si solo hubiesen ido allí por diversión. Al cabo de un rato, uno de ellos comenzó a acercarse a nuestro bote, más de lo que yo hubiese deseado, pero yo le apunté con el fusil que había cargado a toda prisa, y le dije a Xury que cargara los otros dos. Tan pronto se puso a mi alcance, disparé y le di justo en la cabeza. Se hundió en el acto pero en seguida salió a flote, volvió a hundirse y, nuevamente, salió a flote, como si se estuviese ahogando, lo que, en efecto, hacía. Rápidamente se dirigió a la playa pero, entre la herida mortal que le había propinado y el agua que había tragado, murió antes de llegar a la orilla.

No es posible expresar el asombro de estas pobres criaturas ante el estallido y el disparo de mi arma. Algunos, según parecía, estaban a punto de morirse de miedo y cayeron al suelo como muertos por el terror. Mas cuando vieron que la bestia había muerto y se hundía en el agua, mientras yo les hacía señas para que se acercaran a la playa, se armaron de valor y se dieron a su búsqueda. Fui yo quien la descubrió, por la mancha de la sangre en el agua y, con la ayuda de una cuerda, con la que até el cuerpo y cuyo extremo luego les arrojé, los negros pudieron arrastrarlo hasta la orilla. Era un leopardo de lo más curioso, que tenía unas manchas admirablemente delicadas. Los negros levantaron las manos con admiración hacia aquello que había utilizado para matarlo.

El otro animal, asustado con el resplandor y el ruido del disparo, nadó hacia la orilla y se metió directamente en las montañas, de donde habían venido, pero, a esa distancia, no podía saber qué era. Me di cuenta en seguida, que los negros querían comerse la carne del animal. Estaba dispuesto a dársela, a modo de favor personal y les hice señas para que la tomaran, ante lo cual, se mostraron muy agradecidos. Inmediatamente, se pusieron a desollarlo y como no tenían cuchillo, utilizaban un trozo de madera muy afilado, con el que le quitaron la piel tanto o más rápidamente que lo que hubiésemos tardado en hacerlo Xury y yo con un cuchillo. Me ofrecieron un poco de carne, que yo rechacé, fingiendo que se la daba toda a ellos, pero les hice señas de que quería la piel, la cual me entregaron gustosamente, y, además, me trajeron muchas más de sus provisiones, que, aun sin saber lo que eran, acepté de buen grado. Entonces, les indiqué por señas que quería un poco de agua y di la vuelta a una de las tinajas para mostrarles que estaba vacía y que quería llenarla. Rápidamente, llamaron a algunos de sus amigos y aparecieron dos mujeres con un gran recipiente de barro, seguramente, cocido al sol. Lo llevaron hasta la playa, del mismo modo que antes lo habían hecho con los alimentos, y yo envié a Xury a la orilla con las tinajas, que trajo de vuelta llenas. Las mujeres, al igual que los hombres, estaban desnudas.

Provisto de raíces, grano y agua, abandoné a mis amistosos negros y seguí navegando unos once días, sin tener que acercarme a la orilla. Entonces vi que, a unas cuatro o cinco leguas de distancia, la tierra se prolongaba mar adentro. Como el mar estaba en calma, recorrimos, bordeando la costa, una gran distancia para llegar a la punta y, cuando nos disponíamos a doblarla, a un par de leguas de la costa, divisé tierra al otro lado. Deduje, con toda probabilidad, que se trataba del Cabo Verde y que aquellas islas que podíamos divisar, eran las Islas del Cabo Verde. Sin embargo, se encontraban a gran distancia y no sabía qué hacer, pues de ser sorprendido por una ráfaga de viento, no podría llegar ni a una ni a otra parte.

Ante esta disyuntiva, me detuve a pensar y bajé al camarote, dejándole el timón a Xury. De pronto, lo sentí gritar: -¡Capitán, capitán, un barco con vela! El pobre chico estaba fuera de sí, a causa del miedo, pues pensaba que podía ser uno de los barcos de su amo, que nos estaba buscando, pero yo sabía muy bien que, des de hacía tiempo, estábamos fuera de su alcance. De un salto salí de la cabina y, no solo pude ver el barco, sino también, de dónde era. Se trataba de un barco portugués que, según me parecía, se dirigía a la costa de Guinea en busca de esclavos. Mas, cuando me fijé en el rumbo que llevaba, advertí que se dirigía a otra parte y, al parecer, no se acercaría más a la costa. Entonces me lancé mar adentro, todo lo que pude, decidido, si era posible, a hablar con ellos.

Aunque desplegamos todas las velas, me di cuenta de que no podríamos alcanzarlo y desaparecería antes de que yo pudiera hacerle cualquier señal. Cuando había puesto el bote a toda marcha y comenzaba a desesperar, ellos me vieron a mí, al parecer, con la ayuda de su catalejo. Viendo que se trataba de una barcaza europea, que debía pertenecer a algún barco perdido, bajaron las velas para que yo pudiera alcanzarlos. Esto me alentó y, como llevaba a bordo la bandera de mi amo, la agité en el aire, en señal de socorro y disparé un tiro con el arma. Al ver ambas señales, porque después me dijeron que habían visto la bandera y el humo, aunque no habían escuchado el disparo, detuvieron la nave generosamente y, al cabo de tres horas, pude llegar hasta ellos.

Me preguntaron de dónde era en portugués, español y francés pero yo no entendía ninguna de estas lenguas. Finalmente, un marinero escocés que iba a bordo, me llamó y le contesté. Le dije que era inglés y que me había escapado de los moros, que me habían hecho esclavo en Salé. Entonces me dijeron que subiera a bordo y, muy amablemente, me acogieron con todas mis pertenencias.

Cualquiera podría entender la indecible alegría que sentí al verme liberado de la situación tan miserable y desesperanzada en la que me hallaba. Inmediatamente, le ofrecí al capitán del barco todo lo que tenía, como muestra de agradecimiento por mi rescate. Mas él, con mucha delicadeza, me dijo que no tomaría nada de lo mío, sino que todo me sería devuelto cuando llegáramos a Brasil. -Puesto que -me dijo-, os he salvado la vida del mismo modo que yo habría deseado que me la salvaran a mí, y puede que alguna vez me encuentre en una situación simi lar. Si os llevo a Brasil, un país tan lejano del vuestro, y os quito vuestras pertenencias, moriréis de hambre y, entonces, os estaré quitando la misma vida que ahora os acabo de salvar. No, no, Seignior Inglese, os llevaré por caridad y vuestras pertenencias os servirán para buscaros el sustento y pagar el viaje de regreso a vuestra patria.

Así como se mostró caritativo en su oferta, fue muy puntual a la hora de llevarla a cabo, pues les ordenó a los marineros que no tocaran ninguna de mis pertenencias. Tomó posesión de todas mis cosas y me entregó un inventario preciso de ellas, en el que incluía hasta mis tres tinajas de barro.

En cuanto a mi bote, que era muy bueno y él se dio cuenta de ello, me dijo que lo compraría para su barco y me preguntó cuánto quería por él. Yo le respondí que había sido tan generoso conmigo, que no podía ponerle precio y lo dejaba completamente a su criterio. Me contestó que me daría una nota firmada por ochenta piezas de a ocho, que me pagaría cuando llegáramos a Brasil y, una vez allí, si alguien me hacía una mejor oferta, él la igualaría. También me ofreció sesenta piezas de a ocho por Xury pero yo no estaba dispuesto a aceptarlas, no porque no quisiera dejárselo al capitán, sino porque no estaba dispuesto a vender la libertad del chico, que me había servido con tanta lealtad a recuperar la mía. Cuando le expliqué mis razones al capitán, le parecieron justas y me propuso lo siguiente: que se comprometía a darle al chico un testimonio por el cual obtendría su libertad en diez años si se convertía al cristianismo. Como Xury dijo que estaba dispuesto a irse con él, se lo cedí al capitán.

Hicimos un estupendo viaje a Brasil y llegamos, al cabo de unos veinte días, a la bahía de Todos los Santos. Una vez más, había escapado de la suerte más miserable y debía pensar qué sería de mi vida.

[]

Al poco tiempo de mi llegada, el capitán me encomendó a un hombre bueno y honesto, como él, que tenía un ingenio (es decir, una plantación y hacienda azucarera). Viví con él un tiempo y así aprendí sobre el método de plantación y fabricación del azúcar. Viendo lo bien que vivían los hacendados y cómo se enriquecían tan rápidamente, decidí que, si conseguía una licencia, me haría hacendado y, mientras tanto, buscaría la forma de que se me enviara el dinero que había dejado en Londres.

Tenía un vecino, un portugués de Lisboa, hijo de ingleses, que se llamaba Wells y se encontraba en una situación similar a la mía. Digo que era mi vecino, ya que su plantación colindaba con la mía y nos llevábamos muy bien. Mis existencias eran tan escasas como las suyas, pues, durante dos años, sembramos casi exclusivamente para subsistir. Con el tiempo, comenzamos a prosperar y aprendimos a administrar mejor nuestras tierras, de manera que, al tercer año, pudimos sembrar un poco de tabaco y preparar una buena extensión de terreno para sembrar azúcar al año siguiente. Ambos necesitábamos ayuda y, entonces, me di cuenta del error que había cometido al separarme de Xury, mi muchacho.

Mas, ¡ay!, no me sorprendía haber cometido un error, ya que, en toda mi vida, había acertado en algo. No me quedaba más remedio que seguir adelante, pues me había metido en un negocio que superaba mi ingenio y contrariaba la vida que siempre había deseado, por la que había abandonado la casa de mi padre y hecho caso omiso a todos sus buenos consejos. Más aún, estaba entrando en ese estado intermedio, o el estado más alto del estado inferior, que mi padre me había aconsejado y, si iba a acogerlo, bien podía haberme quedado en casa para hacerlo, sin haber tenido que padecer las miserias del mundo, como lo había hecho. Muchas veces me decía a mí mismo que esto lo podía haber hecho en Inglaterra, entre mis amigos, en lugar de haber venido a hacerlo a cinco mil millas, entre extraños y salvajes, en un lugar desolado y lejano, al que no llegaban noticias de ninguna parte del mundo donde habitase alguien que me conociera.

De este modo, lamentaba la situación en la que me hallaba. No tenía a nadie con quien conversar si no era, de vez en cuando, con mi vecino, ni tenía otra cosa que hacer, salvo trabajos manuales. Solía decir que mi vida transcurría como la del náufrago en una isla desierta, donde no puede contar con nadie más que consigo. Mas, con cuánta justicia todos los hombres deberían reflexionar sobre esto: que cuando comparan la condición en la que se encuentran con otras peores, el cielo les puede obligar a hacer el cambio y convencerse, por experiencia, de que fueron más felices en el pasado. Y digo que, con justicia, merecí vivir una vida solitaria en una isla desierta, como la que había imaginado, pues tantas muchas veces la comparé, injustamente, con la vida que llevaba entonces; si hubiera perseverado en ella, con toda seguridad habría logrado hacerme rico y próspero.

En cierto modo, había logrado realizar mis proyectos en la plantación, cuando llegó el momento de la partida de mi querido amigo, el capitán del barco que me recogió en el mar. Su embarcación había permanecido allí cerca de tres meses en lo que se cargaba y se preparaba para el viaje. Le comenté que había dejado un dinero en Londres y él me dio un consejo sincero y amistoso: -Seignior Inglese -porque así me llamaba siempre-, si me dais cartas y un poder legal, por escrito, con órdenes para que la persona que tiene su dinero en Londres, se lo envíe a las personas que yo le diga en Lisboa, os compraré las cosas que puedan seros útiles aquí y os las traeré, si Dios lo permite, a mi regreso. Mas, como los asuntos humanos están sujetos a los cambios y los desastres, os recomiendo que solo pidáis cien libras esterlinas que, como me decís, es la mitad de vuestro haber y, así solo arriesgaréis esa parte. Si todo llega bien, podréis mandar a pedir el resto, del mismo modo que lo habéis hecho ahora, y, si se pierde, aún tendréis la otra mitad a vuestra disposición.

Este consejo me pareció tan sensato y tan honesto que pensé que lo mejor que podía hacer era seguirlo. Así, pues, preparé las cartas para la señora, a quien le había dejado mi dinero, y un poder legal para el capitán portugués, del que me había hablado mi amigo.

En la carta que le envié a la viuda del capitán inglés, le hice el recuento completo de mis aventuras, la esclavitud y la huida. Le conté sobre la forma en que había conocido al capitán portugués en el mar y sobre su trato compasivo, le expliqué el estado en el que me encontraba, y le di las instrucciones necesarias para llevar a cabo mis encargos. Cuando este honesto capitán llegó a Lisboa, logró que unos mercaderes ingleses que había allí, le hicieran llegar, tanto mi orden escrita como el recuento completo de mi historia, a un mercader de Londres que, a su vez, se la contó con lujo de detalles a la viuda. Ante esto, la viuda envió mi dinero y, además, de su propio bolsillo, un generoso regalo para el capitán portugués, como muestra de agradecimiento por su caridad y su compasión hacia mí.

Con las cien libras esterlinas, el mercader de Londres compró la mercancía inglesa, que el capitán le había indicado por escrito, y se la envió directamente a Lisboa, desde donde el capitán me las trajo a Brasil sanas y salvas. Entre las cosas que me trajo, sin que yo se lo pidiera (pues era demasiado inexperto en el negocio como para pensar en ello), había todo tipo de herramientas, herrajes e instrumentos para trabajar en la plantación, que me fueron de gran utilidad.

Cuando llegó el cargamento, pensé que ya había hecho fortuna; tal fue la alegría que me causó recibirlo. Mi buen comisionado, el capitán, había guardado las cinco libras que mi amiga le había dado de regalo para comprar y traerme un sirviente, con una obligación de seis años, y no quiso aceptar nada a cambio, excepto un poco de tabaco de mi propia cosecha.

Pero esto no fue todo. Como los bienes que me había traído eran de manufactura inglesa, es decir, telas, paños y tejidos finos y otras cosas, que resultaban particularmente útiles y valiosas en este país, pude venderlas y sacarles un gran beneficio. De este modo, podía decir, que había cuadriplicado el valor de mi primer cargamento y había aventajado infinitamente a mi pobre vecino, en lo tocante a la plantación, pues, lo primero que hice, fue comprar un esclavo negro y un sirviente europeo, aparte del que me había traído el capitán.

Mas me ocurrió lo que suele suceder en estos casos, en los que, la prosperidad mal entendida, puede ser la causa de las peores adversidades. Al año siguiente, proseguí mi plantación con gran éxito y coseché cincuenta rollos de tabaco, más de lo que había previsto que sería necesario entre los vecinos. Como cada uno de estos rollos pesaba más de cien libras y estaban bien curados, decidí guardarlos hasta que la flota de Lisboa regresara y, puesto que me iba haciendo rico y próspero en los negocios, comencé a idear proyectos, que sobrepasaban mi capacidad; el tipo de negocios que, a menudo, llevan a la ruina a los mejores negociantes.

Si hubiera permanecido en el estado en el que me hallaba, habría recibido todas las bendiciones de las que me había hablado mi padre, cuando me recomendaba una vida tranquila y retirada; esas bendiciones que, según me decía, colmaban el estado medio de la vida. Mas, otra suerte me aguardaba, y volvería a ser el agente voluntario de mis propias desgracias, aumentando mi error y redoblando los motivos para reflexionar sobre mi propia vida, cosa que, en mis futuras calamidades, tuve tiempo de hacer. Todas estas desgracias ocurrieron porque me obstiné en seguir mis tontos deseos de vagabundear por el extranjero, contrariando la clara perspectiva que tenía de beneficiarme, con tan solo perseguir simple y llanamente, los objetivos y los medios de ganarme la vida, que la naturaleza y la Providencia insistían en mostrarme y hacerme aceptar como mi deber.

Del mismo modo que antes, cuando me separé de mis padres, no pude conformarme con lo que tenía, ahora también tenía que marcharme y abandonar la posibilidad de hacerme un hombre rico y próspero, con mi nueva plantación, en pos de un deseo descabellado e irracional de aumentar mi fortuna más rápidamente de lo que la naturaleza admitía. Fue así como, por mi culpa, volví a naufragar en el abismo más profundo de la miseria, al que pudiera caer hombre alguno o, fuese capaz de soportar.

Mas, prosigamos con los detalles de esta parte de mi historia. Como podéis imaginar, habiendo vivido durante cuatro años en Brasil y habiendo empezado a prosperar en mi plantación, no solo había aprendido la lengua, sino que había trabado conocimiento y amistad con algunos de los demás hacendados, así como con los comerciantes de San Salvador, que era nuestro puerto. En nuestras conversaciones, les había contado de mis dos viajes a la costa de Guinea, del comercio con los negros de allí, y de lo fácil que era adquirir, a cambio de bagatelas, tales como cuentecillas, juguetes, cuchillos, tijeras, hachas, trozos de cristal y cosas por el estilo, no solo polvo de oro, cereales de Guinea y colmillos de elefante, sino también gran cantidad de negros esclavos para trabajar en Brasil.

Siempre escuchaban con mucha atención mis relatos, particularmente, lo concerniente a la compra de negros, que era un negocio que, en aquel tiempo, no se explotaba y, cuando se hacía, era mediante asientos, es decir, permisos que otorgaban los reyes de España o Portugal, a modo de subastas públicas. De este modo, los pocos negros que se traían, resultaban excesivamente caros.

Sucedió que, un día, después de haber estado hablando seriamente de estos asuntos con algunos comerciantes y hacendados conocidos, a la mañana siguiente, tres de ellos vinieron a decirme que habían meditado mucho sobre lo que les había contado la noche anterior y querían hacerme una proposición secreta. Cuando obtuvieron mi complicidad, me dijeron que habían pensado fletar un barco para ir a Guinea, pues, al igual que yo, poseían plantaciones y de nada tenían tanta necesidad como de esclavos. Como ese tráfico era ilegal y no podrían vender públicamente los negros que trajeran, querían hacer tan solo un viaje, para traer secretamente algunos negros y dividirlos entre sus propias plantaciones. En otras palabras, querían saber si estaba dispuesto a embarcarme en dicha nave y hacerme cargo del negocio en la costa de Guinea. A cambio de esto, me ofrecían una participación equitativa en la adquisición de los esclavos, sin costo alguno.

Debo confesar que era una propuesta justa, para alguien que no tuviera que atender una plantación que comenzaba a prosperar y aumentar de valor. Mas, para mí, que ya estaba instalado y bien encaminado; que no tenía más que seguir haciendo las cosas como hasta entonces, por otros tres o cuatro años y hacerme enviar las otras cien libras de Inglaterra que, en ese tiempo y con una pequeña suma adicional, producirían un beneficio de tres o cuatro mil libras esterlinas, que, a su vez, aumentaría; para mí, hacer aquel viaje era el acto más descabellado del que podría acusarse a cualquier hombre que estuviera en mis circunstancias.

Pero yo había nacido para ser mi propio destructor, y no pude resistirme a esa oferta más de lo que pude renunciar, en su día, a mis primeros y fatídicos proyectos, cuando hice caso omiso a los consejos de mi padre. En pocas palabras, les dije que iría de todo corazón, si ellos se encargaban de cuidar mi plantación durante mi ausencia y disponer de ella, según mis instrucciones, en caso de que la empresa fracasara. Todos estuvieron de acuerdo, comprometiéndose a cumplir su parte; y procedimos a firmar los contratos y acuerdos formales. Yo redacté un testamento, en el que disponía que, si moría, mi plantación y mis propiedades pasaran a manos de mi heredero universal, el capitán del barco que me había salvado la vida, y que él, a su vez, dispusiera de mis bienes, según estaba escrito en mi testamento: la mitad de las ganancias sería para él y la otra mitad sería enviada por barco a Inglaterra.

En fin, tomé todas las precauciones necesarias para proteger mis bienes y mi plantación. Si hubiese tenido la mitad de esa prudencia para velar por mis intereses personales y juzgar lo que debía o no debía hacer, seguramente no hubiese abandonado una empresa tan prometedora como la mía, ni hubiese renunciado a todas las perspectivas que tenía de progresar, para lanzarme a realizar un viaje por mar, sin contar con los riesgos que conllevaba, ni las posibilidades de que me ocurriera alguna desgracia.

Pero me lancé, obedeciendo los dictados de mi fantasía y no los de la razón. Urna vez listos el barco y el cargamento, y todos los demás acuerdos consignados por contrato con mis socios, me embarqué, a mala hora, el primer día de septiembre de 1659, el mismo día en que, ocho años antes, había abandonado la casa de mis padres en Hull, actuando como un rebelde ante su autoridad y como un idiota ante mis propios intereses.

Nuestra embarcación llevaba como ciento veinte toneladas de peso, seis cañones y catorce hombres aparte del capitán, de su mozo y yo. No llevábamos demasiados bienes a bordo, solo las chucherías necesarias para negociar con los negros, tales como cuentecillas, trozos de cristal, caracoles y cacharros viejos, en especial, pequeños catalejos, cuchillos, tijeras, hachas y otras cosas por el estilo.

El mismo día que subí a bordo, zarpamos hacia el norte, siguiendo la costa rumbo a tierras africanas hasta los diez o doce grados de latitud norte, que era la ruta que, al parecer, se seguía en esos días. Nos hizo muy buen tiempo, aunque mucho calor, mientras bordeamos la costa hasta llegar al cabo de San Agustín. A partir de entonces, comenzamos a meternos mar adentro hasta que perdimos de vista la tierra y navegamos, como si nos dirigiéramos a la isla de Fernando de Noronha, rumbo al norte-noreste, dejándola, luego, al este. Siguiendo este rumbo, tardamos casi doce días en cruzar la línea del ecuador y, según nuestra última observación, nos encontrábamos a siete grados veintidós minutos de latitud norte, cuando un violento tornado o huracán, nos dejó totalmente desorientados. Comenzó a soplar de sudeste a noroeste y luego se estacionó al noreste, desde donde nos acometió con tanta furia, que durante doce días no pudimos hacer más que ir a la deriva, para huir de él, y dejarnos llevar a donde el destino y la furia del viento quisieran llevarnos. Durante esos doce días, huelga decir, creía que seríamos tragados por el mar y, a decir verdad, ninguno de los que estaba a bordo, esperaba salir de allí con vida.

En esta angustiosa situación, mientras padecíamos el terror de la tormenta, uno de nuestros hombres murió de calentura y el mozo del capitán y otro de los marineros cayeron al mar por la borda. Hacia el duodécimo día, cuando el tiempo se hubo calmado un poco, el capitán intentó fijar la posición del barco lo mejor que pudo, y se dio cuenta de que estaba a once grados de latitud norte pero a veintidós grados de longitud oeste del cabo de San Agustín. Así, pues, advirtió que nos encontrábamos entre la costa de Guyana, o la parte septentrional de Brasil, más allá del río Amazonas, hacia el río Orinoco, comúnmente llamado el Gran Río. Comenzó a consultarme qué rumbo debíamos seguir, pues el barco había sufrido muchos daños y le estaba entrando agua, y él quería regresar directamente a la costa de Brasil.

Mi opinión era totalmente opuesta a la del capitán. Nos pusimos a estudiar las cartas de la costa americana y llegamos a la conclusión de que no había ninguna tierra habita da, hacia la cual pudiéramos dirigirnos, antes de llegar a la cuenca de las islas del Caribe. Así, pues, decidimos dirigirnos hacia Barbados, manteniéndonos en alta mar, para evitar las corrientes de la bahía o golfo de México. De esta forma, esperábamos llegar a la isla en quince días, ya que no íbamos a ser capaces de navegar hasta la costa de África sin recibir ayuda para la nave y para nosotros mismos.

Con esta intención, cambiamos el rumbo y navegamos en dirección oeste-noroeste para llegar a alguna de las islas inglesas, donde esperábamos encontrar ayuda. Pero nuestro viaje estaba previsto de otro modo. A los doce grados dieciocho minutos de latitud, nos encontramos con una segunda tormenta, que nos llevó hacia el oeste, con la misma intensidad que la anterior, y nos alejó tanto de la ruta comercial humana, que si lográbamos salvarnos de morir en el mar, con toda probabilidad, seríamos devorados en tierras de salvajes y no podríamos regresar a nuestro país.

Nos hallábamos en esta angustiosa situación y el viento aún soplaba con mucha fuerza, cuando uno de nuestros hombres gritó «¡Tierra!». Apenas salíamos de la cabina, deseosos de ver dónde nos encontrábamos, el barco se encalló en un banco de arena y se detuvo tan de golpe, que el mar se lanzó sobre nosotros, y nos abatió con tal fuerza, que pensamos que moriríamos al instante. Ante esto, nos apresuramos a ponernos bajo cubierta para protegernos de la espuma y de los embates del mar.

No es fácil, para alguien que nunca se haya visto en semejante situación, describir o concebir la consternación de los hombres en esas circunstancias. No teníamos idea de dónde nos hallábamos, ni de la tierra a la que habíamos sido arrastrados. No sabíamos si estábamos en una isla o en un continente, ni si estaba habitada o desierta. El viento, aunque había disminuido un poco, soplaba con tanta fuerza, que no podíamos confiar en que el barco resistiría unos minutos más sin desbaratarse, a no ser que, por un milagro del cielo, el viento amainara de pronto. En pocas palabras, nos quedamos mirándonos unos a otros, esperando la muerte en cualquier momento. Todos actuaban como si se prepararan para el otro mundo, pues no parecía que pudiésemos hacer mucho más. Nuestro único consuelo era que, contrario a lo que esperábamos, el barco aún no se había quebrado, y, según pudo observar el capitán, el viento comenzaba a disminuir.

A pesar de que, al parecer, el viento empezaba a ceder un poco, el barco se había encajado tan profundamente en la arena, que no había forma de desencallarlo. De este modo, nos hallábamos en una situación tan desesperada, que lo único que podíamos hacer era intentar salvar nuestras vidas, como mejor pudiéramos. Antes de que comenzara la tormenta, llevábamos un bote en la popa, que se desfondó cuando dio contra el timón del barco. Poco después se soltó y se hundió, o fue arrastrado por el mar, de modo que no podíamos contar con él. Llevábamos otro bote a bordo pero no nos sentíamos capaces de ponerlo en el agua. En cualquier caso, no había tiempo para discutirlo, pues nos imaginábamos que el barco se iba a desbaratar de un momento a otro y algunos decían que ya empezaba a hacerlo.

En medio de esta angustia, el capitán de nuestro barco echó mano del bote y, con la ayuda de los demás hombres, logró deslizarlo por la borda. Cuando los once que íbamos nos hubimos metido todos dentro, lo soltó y nos encomendó a la misericordia de Dios y de aquel tempestuoso mar. Pese a que la tormenta había disminuido considerablemente, las gigantescas olas rompían tan descomunalmente en la orilla, que bien se podía decir que se trataba de Den wild Zee, que en holandés significa tormenta en el mar.

Nuestra situación se había vuelto desesperada y todos nos dábamos cuenta de que el mar estaba tan crecido, que el bote no podría soportarlo e, inevitablemente, nos ahogaríamos. No teníamos con qué hacer una vela y aunque lo hubiésemos tenido, no habríamos podido hacer nada con ella. Ante esto, comenzamos a remar hacia tierra, con el pesar que llevan los hombres que van hacia el cadalso, pues sabíamos que, cuando el bote llegara a la orilla, se haría mil pedazos con el oleaje. No obstante, le encomendamos encarecidamente nuestras almas a Dios y, con el viento que nos empujaba hacia la orilla, nos apresuramos a nuestra destrucción con nuestras propias manos, remando tan rápidamente como podíamos hacia ella.

No sabíamos si en la orilla había roca o arena, ni si era escarpada o lisa. Nuestra única esperanza era llegar a una bahía, un golfo, o el estuario de un río, donde, con mucha suerte, pudiéramos entrar con el bote o llegar a la costa de sotavento, donde el agua estaría más calmada. Pero no parecía que tendríamos esa suerte pues, a medida que nos acercábamos a la orilla, la tierra nos parecía más aterradora aún que el mar.

Después de remar, o más bien, de haber ido a la deriva a lo largo de lo que calculamos sería más o menos una legua y media, una ola descomunal como una montaña nos embistió por popa e inmediatamente comprendimos que aquello había sido el coup de gráce. En pocas palabras, nos acometió con tanta furia, que volcó el bote de una vez, dejándonos a todos desperdigados por el agua, y nos tragó, antes de que pudiésemos decir: «¡Dios mío!».

Nada puede describir la confusión mental que sentí mientras me hundía, pues, aunque nadaba muy bien, no podía librarme de las olas para tomar aire. Una de ellas me llevó, o más bien me arrastró un largo trecho hasta la orilla de la playa. Allí rompió y, cuando comenzó a retroceder, la marea me dejó, medio muerto por el agua que había tragado, en un pedazo de tierra casi seca. Todavía me quedaba un poco de lucidez y de aliento para ponerme en pie y tratar de llegar a la tierra, la cual estaba más cerca de lo que esperaba, antes de que viniera otra ola y me arrastrara nuevamente. Pronto me di cuenta de que no podría evitar que esto sucediera, pues hacia mí venía una ola tan grande como una montaña y tan furiosa como un enemigo contra el que no tenía medios ni fuerzas para luchar. Mi meta era contener el aliento y, si podía, tratar de mantenerme a flote para nadar, aguantando la respiración, hacia la playa. Mi gran preocupación era que la ola, que me arrastraría un buen trecho hacia la orilla, no me llevase mar adentro en su reflujo.

La ola me hundió treinta o cuarenta pies en su masa. Sentía cómo me arrastraba con gran fuerza y velocidad hacia la orilla, pero aguanté el aliento y traté de nadar hacia delante con todas mis fuerzas. Estaba a punto de reventar por falta de aire, cuando sentí que me elevaba y, con mucho alivio comprobé que tenía los brazos y la cabeza en la superficie del agua. Aunque solo pude mantenerme así unos dos minutos, pude reponerme un poco y recobrar el aliento y el valor. Nuevamente me cubrió el agua, esta vez por menos tiempo, así que pude aguantar hasta que la ola rompió en la orilla y comenzó a retroceder. Entonces, me puse a nadar en contra de la corriente hasta que sentí el fondo bajo mis pies. Me quedé quieto unos momentos para recuperar el aliento, mientras la ola se retiraba, y luego eché a correr hacia la orilla con las pocas fuerzas que me quedaban. Pero esto no me libró de la furia del mar que volvió a caer sobre mí y, dos veces más, las olas me levantaron y me arrastraron como antes por el fondo, que era muy plano.

La última de las olas casi me mata, pues el mar me arrastró, como las otras veces, y me llevó, más bien, me estrelló, contra una piedra, con tanta fuerza que me dejó sin sentido e indefenso. Como me golpeé en el costado y en el pecho, me quedé sin aliento y si, en ese momento, hubiese venido otra ola, sin duda me habría ahogado. Mas pude recuperarme un poco, antes de que viniese la siguiente ola y, cuando vi que el agua me iba a cubrir nuevamente, resolví agarrarme con todas mis fuerzas a un pedazo de la roca y contener el aliento hasta que pasara. Como el mar no estaba tan alto como al principio, pues me hallaba más cerca de la orilla, me agarré hasta que pasó la siguiente ola, y eché otra carrera que me acercó tanto a la orilla que la que venía detrás, aunque me alcanzó, no llegó a arrastrarme. En una última carrera, llegué a tierra firme, donde, para mi satisfacción, trepé por unos riscos que había en la orilla y me senté en la hierba, fuera del alance del agua y libre de peligro.

Encontrándome a salvo en la orilla, elevé los ojos al cielo y le di gracias a Dios por salvarme la vida en una situación que, minutos antes, parecía totalmente desesperada. Creo que es imposible expresar cabalmente, el éxtasis y la conmoción que siente el alma cuando ha sido salvada, diría yo, de la mismísima tumba. En aquel momento comprendí la costumbre según la cual cuando al malhechor, que tiene la soga al cuello y está a punto de ser ahorcado, se le concede el perdón, se trae junto con la noticia a un cirujano que le practique una sangría, en el preciso instante en que se le comunica la noticia, para evitar que, con la emoción, se le escapen los espíritus del corazón y muera:

Pues las alegrías súbitas, como las penas, al principio desconciertan.

Caminé por la playa con las manos en alto y totalmente absorto en la contemplación de mi salvación, haciendo gestos y movimientos que no puedo describir, pensando en mis compañeros que se habían ahogado; no se salvó ni un alma, salvo yo, pues nunca más volví a verlos, ni hallé rastro de ellos, a excepción de tres de sus sombreros, una gorra y dos zapatos de distinto par.

Miré hacia la embarcación encallada, que casi no podía ver por la altura de la marea y la espuma de las olas y, al verla tan lejos, pensé: «¡Señor!, ¿cómo pude llegar a la orilla?»

Después de consolarme un poco, con lo poco que tenía para consolarme en mi situación, empecé a mirar a mi alrededor para ver en qué clase de sitio me encontraba y qué debía hacer. Muy pronto, la sensación de alivio se desvaneció y comprendí que me había salvado para mi mal, pues estaba empapado y no tenía ropas para cambiarme, no tenía nada que comer o beber para reponerme, ni tenía alternativa que no fuese morir de hambre o devorado por las bestias salvajes. Peor aún, tampoco tenía ningún arma para cazar o matar algún animal para mi sustento, ni para defenderme de cualquier criatura que quisiera matarme para el suyo. En suma, no tenía nada más que un cuchillo, una pipa y un poco de tabaco en una caja. Estas eran mis únicas provisiones y, al comprobarlo, sentí tal tribulación, que durante un rato no hice otra cosa que correr de un lado a otro como un loco. Al acercarse la noche, empecé a angustiarme por lo que sería de mí si en esa tierra había bestias hambrientas, sabiendo que durante la noche suelen salir en busca de presas.

La única solución que se me ocurrió fue subirme a un árbol frondoso, parecido a un abeto pero con espinas, que se erguía cerca de mí y donde decidí pasar la noche, pensando en el tipo de muerte que me aguardaba al día siguiente, ya que no veía cómo iba a poder sobrevivir allí. Caminé como un octavo de milla, buscando agua fresca para beber y, finalmente, la conseguí, lo cual me causó una inmensa alegría. Después de beber, me eché un poco de tabaco a la boca, para quitarme el hambre y regresé al árbol. Mientras me encaramaba, busqué un lugar de donde no me cayera si me quedaba dormido. Corté un palo corto, a modo de porra, para defenderme, me subí a mi alojamiento y, de puro agotamiento, me quedé dormido. Esa noche dormí tan cómodamente como, según creo, pocos hubieran podido hacerlo en semejantes condiciones y logré descansar como nunca en mi vida. 

4

Cuando desperté era pleno día, el tiempo estaba claro y, una vez aplacada la tormenta, el mar no estaba tan alto ni embravecido como antes. Sin embargo, lo que me sorprendió más fue descubrir que, al subir la marea, el barco se había desencallado y había ido a parar a la roca que mencioné al principio, contra la que me había golpeado al estrellarme. Estaba a menos de una milla de la orilla donde me encontraba y, como me pareció que estaba bien erguido, me entraron unos fuertes deseos de llegarme hasta él, al menos para rescatar algunas cosas que pudieran servirme.

Cuando bajé de mi alojamiento en el árbol, miré nuevamente a mi alrededor y lo primero que vi fue el bote tendido en la arena, donde el mar y el viento lo habían arrastrado, como a dos millas a la derecha de donde me hallaba. Caminé por la orilla lo que pude para llegar a él, pero me encontré con una cala o una franja de mar, de casi media milla de ancho, que se interponía entre el bote y yo. Decidí entonces regresar a donde estaba, pues mi intención era llegar al barco, donde esperaba encontrar algo para subsistir.

Poco después del mediodía, el mar se había calmado y la marea había bajado tanto, que pude llegar a un cuarto de milla del barco. Entonces, volví a sentirme abatido por la pena, pues me di cuenta de que si hubiésemos permanecido en el barco, nos habríamos salvado todos y yo no me habría visto en una situación tan desgraciada, tan solo y desvalido como me hallaba. Esto me hizo saltar las lágrimas nuevamente, mas, como de nada me servía llorar, decidí llegar hasta el barco si podía. Así, pues, me quité las ropas, porque hacía mucho calor, y me metí al agua. Cuando llegué al barco, me encontré con la dificultad de no saber cómo subir, pues estaba encallado y casi totalmente fuera del agua, y no tenía nada de qué agarrarme. Dos veces le di la vuelta a nado y, en la segunda, advertí un pequeño pedazo de cuerda, que me asombró no haber visto antes, que colgaba de las cadenas de proa. Estaba tan baja que, si bien con mucha dificultad, pude agarrarla y subir por ella al castillo de proa. Allí me di cuenta de que el barco estaba desfondado y tenía mucha agua en la bodega, pero estaba tan encallado en el banco de arena dura, más bien de tierra, que la popa se alzaba por encima del banco y la proa bajaba casi hasta el agua. De ese modo, toda la parte posterior estaba en buen estado y lo que había allí estaba seco porque, podéis estar seguros, lo primero que hice fue inspeccionar qué se había estropeado y qué permanecía en buen estado. Lo primero que vi fue que todas las provisiones del barco estaban secas e intactas y, como estaba en buena disposición para comer, entré en el depósito de pan y me llené los bolsillos de galletas, que fui comiendo, mientras hacía otras cosas, pues no tenía tiempo que perder. También encontré un poco de ron en el camarote principal, del que bebí un buen trago, pues, ciertamente me hacía falta, para afrontar lo que me esperaba. Lo único que necesitaba era un bote para llevarme todas las cosas que, según preveía, iba a necesitar.

Era inútil sentarse sin hacer nada y desear lo que no podía llevarme y esta situación extrema avivó mi ingenio. Teníamos varias vergas, dos o tres palos y uno o dos mástiles de repuesto en el barco. Decidí empezar por ellos y lancé por la borda los que pude, pues eran muy pesados, amarrándolos con una cuerda para que no se los llevara la corriente. Hecho esto, me fui al costado del barco y, tirando de ellos hacia mí, amarré cuatro de ellos por ambos extremos, tan bien como pude, a modo de balsa. Les coloqué encima dos o tres tablas cortas atravesadas y vi que podía caminar fácilmente sobre ellas, aunque no podría llevar demasiado peso, pues eran muy delgadas. Así, pues, puse manos a la obra nuevamente y, con una sierra de carpintero, corté un mástil de repuesto en tres pedazos que los añadí a mi balsa. Pasé muchos trabajos y dificultades, pero la esperanza de conseguir lo que me era necesario, me dio el estímulo para hacer más de lo que habría hecho en otras circunstancias.

La balsa ya era lo suficientemente resistente como para soportar un peso razonable. Lo siguiente era decidir con qué cargarla y cómo proteger del agua lo que pusiera sobre ella, lo cual no me tomó mucho tiempo resolver. En primer lugar, puse todas las tablas que pude encontrar. Después de reflexionar sobre lo que necesitaba más, agarré tres arcones de marinero, los abrí y vacié, y los bajé hasta mi balsa; el primero lo llené de alimentos, es decir, pan, arroz, tres quesos holandeses, cinco pedazos de carne seca de cabra, de la cual nos habíamos alimentado durante mucho tiempo, y un sobrante de grano europeo, que habíamos reservado para unas aves que traíamos a bordo y que ya se habían matado. Había también algo de cebada y trigo pero, para mi gran decepción, las ratas se lo habían comido o estropeado casi en su totalidad. Encontré varias botellas de alcohol, que pertenecían al capitán, entre las que había un poco de licor y como cinco o seis galones de raque, todo lo cual, coloqué sin más en la balsa, pues no había necesidad de meterlo en los arcones, ni espacio para hacerlo. Mientras hacía esto, noté que la marea comenzaba a subir, aunque el mar estaba en calma y me mortificó ver que mi chaqueta, la camisa y el chaleco que había dejado en la arena, se alejaban flotando; en cuanto a los pantalones, que eran de lino y abiertos en las rodillas, me los había dejado puestos cuando me lancé a nadar hacia el barco y, asimismo, los calcetines. No obstante, esto me obligó a buscar ropa, que encontré en abundancia, aunque solo cogí la que iba a usar inmediatamente, pues había otras cosas que me interesaban más, como, por ejemplo, las herramientas. Después de mucho buscar, encontré el arcón del carpintero que, ciertamente, era un botín de gran utilidad y mucho más valioso, en esas circunstancias, que todo un buque cargado de oro. Lo puse en la balsa, tal y como lo había encontrado, sin perder tiempo en ver lo que contenía, ya que, más o menos, lo sabía.

Luego procuré abastecerme de municiones y armas. Había dos pistolas y dos escopetas de caza muy buenas en el camarote principal. Las cogí inmediatamente, así como algunos cuernos de pólvora, una pequeña bolsa de balas y dos viejas espadas mohosas. Sabía que había tres barriles de pólvora en el barco pero no sabía dónde los había guardado el artillero. Sin embargo, después de mucho buscar, los encontré; dos de ellos estaban secos y en buen estado y el otro estaba húmedo. Llevé los dos primeros a la balsa, junto con las armas, y, viéndome bien abastecido, comencé a pensar cómo llegar a la orilla sin velas, remos ni timón, sabiendo que la menor ráfaga de viento lo echaría todo a perder.

Tenía tres cosas a mi favor: l. el mar estaba en calma, 2. la marea estaba subiendo y me impulsaría hacia la orilla, 3. el poco viento que soplaba me empujaría hacia tierra. Así, pues, habiendo encontrado dos o tres remos rotos que pertenecían al barco, dos serruchos, un hacha y un martillo, aparte de lo que ya había en el arcón, me lancé al mar. La balsa fue muy bien a lo largo de una milla, más o menos, aunque se alejaba un poco del lugar al que yo había llegado a tierra. Esto me hizo suponer que había alguna corriente y, en consecuencia, que me encontraría con un estuario, o un río, que me sirviera de puerto para desembarcar con mi cargamento.

Tal como había imaginado, apareció ante mí una pequeña apertura en la tierra y una fuerte corriente que me impulsaba hacia ella. Traté de controlar la balsa lo mejor que pude para mantenerme en el medio del cauce, pero estuve a punto de sufrir un segundo naufragio, que me habría destrozado el corazón. Como no conocía la costa, uno de los extremos de mi balsa se encalló en un banco y, poco faltó, para que la carga se deslizara hacia ese lado y cayera al agua. Traté con todas mis fuerzas de sostener los arcones con la espalda, a fin de mantenerlos en su sitio, pero no era capaz de desencallar la balsa ni de cambiar de postura. Me mantuve en esa posición durante casi media hora, hasta que la marea subió lo suficiente para nivelar y desencallar la balsa. Entonces la impulsé con el remo hacia el canal y seguí subiendo hasta llegar a la desembocadura de un pequeño río, entre dos orillas, con una buena corriente que impulsaba la balsa hacia la tierra. Miré hacia ambos lados para buscar un lugar adecuado donde desembarcar y evitar que el río me subiera demasiado, pues tenía la esperanza de ver algún barco en el mar y, por esto, quería mantenerme tan cerca de la costa como pudiese.

A lo lejos, advertí una pequeña rada en la orilla derecha del río, hacia la cual, con mucho trabajo y dificultad, dirigí la balsa hasta acercarme tanto que, apoyando el remo en el fondo, podía impulsarme hasta la tierra. Mas, nuevamente, corría el riesgo de que mi cargamento cayera al agua porque la orilla era muy escarpada, es decir, tenía una pendiente muy pronunciada, y no hallaba por dónde desembarcar, sin que uno de los extremos de la balsa, encajándose en la tierra, la desnivelara y pusiera mi cargamento en peligro como antes. Lo único que podía hacer era esperar a que la marea subiera del todo, sujetando la balsa con el remo, a modo de ancla, para mantenerla paralela a una parte plana de la orilla que, según mis cálculos, quedaría cubierta por el agua; y así ocurrió. Tan pronto hubo agua suficiente, pues mi balsa tenía un calado de casi un pie, la impulsé hacia esa parte plana de la orilla y ahí la sujeté, enterrando mis dos remos rotos en el fondo; uno en uno de los extremos de la balsa, y el otro, en el extremo diametralmente opuesto. Así estuve hasta que el agua se retiró y mi balsa, con todo su cargamento, quedaron sanos y salvos en tierra.

Mi siguiente tarea era explorar el lugar y buscar un sitio adecuado para instalarme y almacenar mis bienes, a fin de que estuvieran seguros ante cualquier eventualidad. No sabía aún dónde estaba; ni si era un continente o una isla, si estaba poblado o desierto, ni si había peligro de animales salvajes. Una colina se erguía, alta y empinada, a menos de una milla de donde me hallaba, y parecía elevarse por encima de otras colinas, que formaban una cordillera en dirección al norte. Tomé una de las escopetas de caza, una de las pistolas y un cuerno de pólvora y, armado de esta sazón, me dispuse a llegar hasta la cima de aquella colina, a la que llegué con mucho trabajo y dificultad para descubrir mi penosa suerte; es decir, que me encontraba en una isla rodeada por el mar, sin más tierra a la vista que unas rocas que se hallaban a gran distancia y dos islas, aún más pequeñas, que estaban como a tres leguas hacia el oeste.

Descubrí también que la isla en la que me hallaba era estéril y tenía buenas razones para suponer que estaba deshabitada, excepto por bestias salvajes, de las cuales aún no había visto ninguna. Vi una gran cantidad de aves pero no sabía a qué especie pertenecían ni cuáles serían comestibles, en caso de que pudiera matar alguna. A mi regreso, le disparé a un pájaro enorme que estaba posado sobre un árbol, al lado de un bosque frondoso y no dudo que fuera la primera vez que allí se disparaba un arma desde la creación del mundo, pues, tan pronto como sonó el disparo, de todas partes del bosque se alzaron en vuelo innumerables aves de varios tipos, creando una confusa gritería con sus diversos graznidos; mas, no podía reconocer ninguna especie. En cuanto al pájaro que había matado, tenía el picó y el color de un águila pero sus garras no eran distintas a las de las aves comunes y su carne era una carroña, absolutamente incomestible.

Complacido con este descubrimiento, regresé a mi balsa y me puse a llevar mi cargamento a la orilla, lo cual me tomó el resto del día. Cuando llegó la noche, no sabía qué hacer ni dónde descansar, pues tenía miedo de acostarme en la tierra y que viniera algún animal salvaje a devorarme aunque, según descubrí más tarde, eso era algo por lo que no tenía que preocuparme. No obstante, me atrincheré como mejor pude, con los arcones y las tablas que había traído a la orilla, e hice una especie de cobertizo para albergarme durante la noche. En cuanto a la comida, no sabía cómo conseguirla; había visto sólo dos o tres animales, parecidos a las liebres, que habían salido del bosque cuando le disparé al pájaro.

Comencé a pensar que aún podía rescatar muchas cosas útiles del barco, en especial, aparejos, velas, y cosas por el estilo, y traerlas a tierra. Así, pues, resolví regresar al barco, si podía. Sabiendo que la primera tormenta que lo azotara, lo rompería en pedazos, decidí dejar de lado todo lo demás, hasta que hubiese rescatado del barco todo lo que pudiera. Entonces llamé a consejo, es decir, en mi propia mente, para decidir si debía volver a utilizar la balsa; mas no me pareció una idea factible. Volvería, como había hecho antes, cuando bajara la marea, y así lo hice, solo que esta vez me desnudé antes de salir del cobertizo y me quedé solamente con una camisa a cuadros, unos pantalones de lino y un par de escarpines.

Subí al barco, del mismo modo que la vez anterior, y preparé una segunda balsa. Mas, como ya tenía experiencia, no la hice tan difícil de manejar, ni la cargué tanto como la primera, sino que me llevé las cosas que me parecieron más útiles. En el camarote del carpintero, encontré dos o tres bolsas llenas de clavos y pasadores, un gran destornillador, una o dos docenas de hachas y, sobre todo, un artefacto muy útil que se llama yunque. Lo amarré todo, junto con otras cosas que pertenecían al artillero, tales como dos o tres arpones de hierro, dos barriles de balas de mosquete, siete mosquetes, otra escopeta para cazar, un poco más de pólvora, una bolsa grande de balas pequeñas y un gran rollo de lámina de plomo. Pero esto último era tan pesado, que no pude levantarlo para sacarlo por la borda. Aparte de estas cosas, cogí toda la ropa de los hombres que pude encontrar, una vela de proa de repuesto, una hamaca y ropa de cama. De este modo, cargué mi segunda balsa y, para mi gran satisfacción, pude llevarlo todo a tierra sano y salvo.

Durante mi ausencia, temía que mis provisiones pudieran ser devoradas en la orilla pero cuando regresé, no encontré huellas de ningún visitante. Solo un animal, que parecía un gato salvaje, estaba sentado sobre uno de los arcones y cuando me acerqué, corrió hasta un lugar no muy distante y allí se quedó quieto. Estaba sentado con mucha compostura y despreocupación y me miraba fijamente a la cara, como si quisiera conocerme. Le apunté con mi pistola pero no entendió lo que hacía pues no dio muestras de preocupación ni tampoco hizo ademán de huir. Entonces le tiré un pedazo de galleta, de las que, por cierto, no tenía demasiadas, pues mis provisiones eran bastante escasas; como decía, le arrojé un pedazo y se acercó, lo olfateó, se lo comió, y se quedó mirando, como agradecido y esperando a que le diera más. Le di a entender cortésmente que no podía darle más y se marchó.

Después de desembarcar mi segundo cargamento, aunque me vi obligado a abrir los barriles de pólvora y trasladarla poco a poco, pues estaba en unos cubos muy grandes, que pesaban demasiado, me di a la tarea de construir una pequeña tienda, con la vela y algunos palos que había cortado para ese propósito. Dentro de la tienda, coloqué todo lo que se podía estropear con la lluvia o el sol y apilé los arcones y barriles vacíos en círculo alrededor de la tienda para defenderla de cualquier ataque repentino de hombre o de animal.

Cuando terminé de hacer esto, bloqueé la puerta de la tienda por dentro con unos tablones y por fuera con un arcón vació. Extendí uno de los colchones en el suelo y, con dos pistolas a la altura de mi cabeza y una escopeta al alcance de mi brazo, me metí en cama por primera vez. Dormí tranquilamente toda la noche, pues me sentía pesado y extenuado de haber dormido poco la noche anterior y trajinado arduamente todo el día, sacando las cosas del barco y trayéndolas hasta la orilla.

Tenía el mayor almacén que un solo hombre hubiese podido reunir jamás, pero no me sentía a gusto, pues pensaba que, mientras el barco permaneciera erguido, debía rescatar de él todo lo que pudiera. Así, pues, todos los días, cuando bajaba la marea, me llegaba hasta él y traía una cosa u otra. Particularmente, la tercera vez que fui, me traje todos los aparejos que pude, todos los cabos finos y las sogas que hallé, un trozo de lona, previsto para remendar las velas cuando fuera necesario, y el barril de pólvora que se había mojado. En pocas palabras, me traje todas las velas, desde la primera hasta la última, cortadas en trozos, para transportar tantas como me fuera posible en un solo viaje, puesto que ya no servían como velas sino simplemente como tela.

Me sentí más satisfecho aún, cuando, al cabo de cinco o seis viajes, como los que he descrito, convencido de que ya no había en el barco nada más que valiese la pena rescatar, encontré un tonel de pan, tres barriles de ron y licor, una caja de azúcar y un barril de harina. Este hallazgo me sorprendió mucho, pues no esperaba encontrar más provisiones, excepto las que se habían estropeado con el agua. Vacié el tonel de pan, envolví los trozos, uno por uno, con los pedazos de tela que había cortado de las velas y lo llevé todo a tierra sano y salvo.

Al día siguiente hice otro viaje y como ya había saqueado el barco de todo lo que podía transportar, seguí con los cables. Corté los más gruesos en trozos, de un tamaño proporcional a mis fuerzas y, así, llevé dos cables y un cabo a la orilla, junto con todos los herrajes que pude encontrar. Corté, además el palo de trinquete y todo lo que me sirviera para construir una balsa grande, que cargué con todos esos objetos pesados y me, marché. Mas, mi buena suerte comenzaba a abandonarme, pues, la balsa era tan difícil de manejar y estaba tan sobrecargada, que, cuando entré en la pequeña rada en la que había desembarcado las demás provisiones, no pude gobernarla tan fácilmente como la otra y se volcó, arrojándome al agua con todo mi cargamento. A mí no me pasó casi nada, pues estaba cerca de la orilla, pero la mayor parte de mi cargamento cayó al agua, especialmente el hierro, que según había pensado, me sería de gran utilidad. No obstante, cuando bajó la marea, pude rescatar la mayoría de los cables y parte del hierro, haciendo un esfuerzo infinito, pues tenía que sumergirme para sacarlos del agua y esta actividad me causaba mucha fatiga. Después de esto, volví todos los días al barco y fui trayendo todo lo que pude.

Hacía trece días que estaba en tierra y había ido once veces al barco. En este tiempo, traje todo lo que un solo par de manos era capaz de transportar, aunque no dudo que, de haber continuado el buen tiempo, habría traído el barco entero a pedazos. Mientras me preparaba para el duodécimo viaje, me di cuenta de que el viento comenzaba a soplar con más fuerza. No obstante, cuando bajó la marea, volví hasta el barco. Cuando creía haber saqueado tan a fondo el camarote, que ya no hallaría nada más de valor, aún descubrí un casillero con cajones, en uno de los cuales había dos o tres navajas, un par de tijeras grandes y diez o doce tenedores y cuchillos buenos. En otro de los cajones, encontré cerca de treinta y seis libras en monedas europeas y brasileñas y en piezas de a ocho, y un poco de oro y de plata.

Cuando vi el dinero sonreí y exclamé: -¡Oh, droga!, ¿para qué me sirves? No vales nada para mí; ni siquiera el esfuerzo de recogerte del suelo. Cualquiera de estos cuchillos vale más que este montón de dinero. No tengo forma de utilizarte, así que, quédate donde estás y húndete como una criatura cuya vida no vale la pena salvar. Sin embargo, cuando recapacité, lo cogí y lo envolví en un pedazo de lona. Pensaba construir otra balsa pero cuando me dispuse a hacerlo, advertí que el cielo se había cubierto y el viento se había levantado. En un cuarto de hora comenzó a soplar un vendaval desde la tierra y pensé que sería inútil pretender hacer una balsa, si el viento venía de la tierra. Lo mejor que podía hacer era marcharme antes de que subiera la marea pues, de lo contrario, no iba a poder llegar a la orilla. Por lo tanto, me arrojé al agua y crucé a nado el canal que se extendía entre el barco y la arena, con mucha dificultad, en parte, por el peso de las cosas que llevaba conmigo y, en parte, por la violencia del agua, agitada por el viento, que cobraba fuerza tan rápidamente, que, antes de que subiera la marea, se había convertido en tormenta.

No obstante, pude llegar a salvo a mi tienda, donde me puse a resguardo, rodeado de todos mis bienes. El viento sopló con fuerza toda la noche y, en la mañana, cuando salí a mirar, el barco había desaparecido. Al principio sentí cierta turbación pero luego me consolé pensando que no había perdido tiempo ni escatimado esfuerzos para rescatar del barco todo lo que pudiera servirme; en realidad, era muy poco lo que había quedado, que habría podido sacar, si hubiese tenido más tiempo.

Por tanto, dejé de pensar en el barco o en cualquier cosa que hubiese en él, a excepción de aquello que llegase a la orilla, como ocurrió con algunas de sus partes, que no me sirvieron de mucho.

Mi única preocupación era protegerme de los salvajes, si llegaban a aparecer, y de las bestias, si es que había alguna en la isla. Pensé mucho en la mejor forma de hacerlo y, en especial, el tipo de morada que debía construir, ya fuera excavando una cueva en la tierra o levantando una tienda. En poco tiempo decidí que haría ambas y no me parece impropio describir detalladamente cómo las hice.

Me di cuenta en seguida de que el sitio donde me encontraba no era el mejor para instalarme, pues estaba sobre un terreno pantanoso y bajo, muy próximo al mar, que no me parecía adecuado, entre otras cosas, porque no había agua fresca en los alrededores. Así, pues, decidí que me buscaría un lugar más saludable y conveniente.

Procuré que el lugar cumpliera con ciertas condiciones indispensables: en primer lugar, sanidad y agua fresca, como acabo de mencionar; en segundo lugar, resguardo del calor del sol; en tercer lugar, protección contra criaturas hambrientas, fueran hombres o animales; y, en cuarto lugar, vista al mar, a fin de que, si Dios enviaba algún barco, no perdiera la oportunidad de salvarme, pues aún no había renunciado a la esperanza de que esto ocurriera.

Mientras buscaba un sitio propicio, encontré una pequeña planicie en la ladera de una colina. Una de sus caras descendía tan abruptamente sobre la planicie, que parecía el muro de una casa, de modo que nada podría caerme encima desde arriba. En la otra cara, había un hueco que se abría como la entrada o puerta de una cueva, aunque allí no hubiese, en realidad, cueva alguna ni entrada a la roca.

Decidí montar mi tienda en la parte plana de la hierba, justo antes de la cavidad. Esta planicie no tenía más de cien yardas de ancho y casi el doble de largo y se extendía como un prado desde mi puerta, descendiendo irregularmente hasta la orilla del mar. Estaba en el lado nor-noroeste de la colina, de modo que me protegía del calor durante todo el día, hasta que el sol se colocaba al sudoeste, lo cual, en estas tierras, significa que está próximo a ponerse.

Antes de montar mi tienda, tracé un semicírculo delante de la cavidad, de un radio aproximado de diez yardas hasta la roca y un diámetro de veinte yardas de un extremo al otro. ]En este semicírculo, enterré dos filas de estacas fuertes, hundiéndolas por un extremo en la tierra hasta que estuvieran firmes como pilares, de manera que, sus puntas afiladas sobresalieran cinco pies y medio desde el suelo. Entre ambas filas no había más de seis pulgadas.

Entonces tomé los trozos de cable que había cortado en el barco y los coloqué, uno sobre otro, dentro del círculo, entre las dos filas de estacas hasta llegar a la punta. Sobre estos, apoyé otros palos, de casi dos pies y medio de altura, a modo de soporte. De este modo, construí una verja tan fuerte, que no habría hombre ni bestia capaz de saltarla o derribarla. Esto me tomó mucho tiempo y esfuerzo, en particular, cortar las estacas en el bosque y clavarlas en la tierra.

Para entrar a este lugar, no hice una puerta, sino una pequeña escalera para pasar por encima de la empalizada. Cuando estaba dentro, la levantaba tras de mí y me quedaba completamente encerrado y a salvo de todo el mundo, por lo que podía dormir tranquilo toda la noche, cosa que, de lo contrario, no habría podido hacer, aunque, según comprobé después, no tenía necesidad de tomar tantas precauciones contra los enemigos a los que tanto temía.

Con mucho trabajo, metí dentro de esta verja o fortaleza todas mis provisiones, municiones y propiedades de las que he hecho mención anteriormente y me hice una gran tienda doble para protegerme de las lluvias, que en determinadas épocas del año son muy fuertes. En otras palabras, hice una tienda más pequeña dentro de una más grande y esta última la cubrí con el alquitrán que había rescatado con las velas. Ya no dormía en la cama que había rescatado, sino en una hamaca muy buena, que había pertenecido al capitán del barco.

Llevé a la tienda todas mis provisiones y lo que se pudiera estropear con la humedad y, habiendo resguardado todos mis bienes, cerré la entrada, que hasta entonces había dejado al descubierto, y utilicé la escalera para entrar y salir.

Hecho esto, comencé a excavar la roca y a transportar, a través de la tienda, la tierra y las piedras que extraía. Las fui apilando junto a la verja, por la parte de adentro, hasta formar una especie de terraza, que se levantaba como un pie y medio del suelo. De este modo, excavé una cueva, detrás de mi tienda, que me servía de bodega.

Me costó gran esfuerzo y muchos días realizar todas estas tareas. Por tanto, debo retroceder para hacer referencia a algunas cosas que, durante este tiempo, me preocupaban. Ocurrió que, habiendo terminado el proyecto de montar mi tienda y excavar la cueva, se desató una tormenta de lluvia, que caía de una nube espesa y oscura. De pronto se produjo un relámpago al que, como suele ocurrir, sucedió un trueno estrepitoso. No me asustó tanto el resplandor como el pensamiento que surgió en mi mente, tan raudo como el mismo relámpago: «¡Oh, mi pólvora!». El corazón se me apretó cuando pensé que toda mi pólvora podía arruinarse de un soplo, puesto que toda mi defensa y mi posibilidad de sustento dependían de ella. Me inquietaba menos el riesgo personal que corría, pues, en caso de que la pólvora hubiese ardido, jamás habría sabido de dónde provenía el golpe.

Tanto me impresionó este hecho, que dejé a un lado todas mis tareas de construcción y fortificación y me dediqué a hacer bolsas y cajas para separar la pólvora en pequeñas cantidades, con la esperanza de que, si pasaba algo, no se encendiera toda al mismo tiempo, y aislar esas pequeñas cantidades, de manera que el fuego no pudiera propagarse de una bolsa a otra. Terminé esta tarea en casi dos semanas y creo que logré dividir mi pólvora, que en total llegaba a las doscientas cuarenta libras de peso, en no menos de cien bolsas. En cuanto al barril que se había mojado, no me pareció peligroso así que lo coloqué en mi nueva cueva, que en mi fantasía, la llamaba mi cocina, y escondí el resto de la pólvora entre las rocas para que no se mojara, señalando cuidadosamente dónde lo había guardado.

En el lapso de tiempo que me hallaba realizando estas tareas, salí casi todos los días con mi escopeta, tanto para distraerme, como para ver si podía matar algo para comer y enterarme de lo que producía la tierra. La primera vez que salí, descubrí que en la isla había cabras, lo que me produjo una gran satisfacción, a la que siguió un disgusto, pues eran tan temerosas, sensibles y veloces, que acercarse a ellas era lo más difícil del mundo. Sin embargo, esto no me desanimó, pues sabía que alguna vez lograría matar alguna, lo que ocurrió en poco tiempo, porque, después de aprender un poco sobre sus hábitos, las abordé de la siguiente manera. Había observado que si me veían en los valles, huían despavoridas, aun cuando estuvieran comiendo en las rocas. Mas, si se encontraban pastando en el valle y yo me hallaba en las rocas no advertían mi presencia, por lo que llegué a la conclusión de que, por la posición de sus ojos, miraban hacia abajo y, por lo tanto, no podían ver los objetos que se hallaban por encima de ellas. Así, pues, por consiguiente, utilicé el siguiente método: subía a las rocas para situarme encima de ellas y, desde allí, les disparaba, a menudo, con buena puntería. La primera vez que les disparé a estas criaturas, maté a una hembra que tenía un cabritillo, al que daba de mamar, lo cual me causó mucha pena. Cuando cayó la madre, el pequeño se quedó quieto a su lado hasta que llegué y la levanté, y mientras la llevaba cargada sobre los hombros, me siguió muy de cerca hasta mi aposento. Entonces, puse la presa en el suelo y cogí al pequeño en brazos y lo llevé hasta mi empalizada con la esperanza de criarlo y domesticarlo. Mas, como no quería comer, me vi forzado a matarlo y comérmelo. La carne de ambos me dio para alimentarme un buen tiempo, pues comía con moderación y economizaba mis provisiones (especialmente el pan), todo lo que podía.

Una vez instalado, me di cuenta de que sentía la necesidad imperiosa de tener un sitio donde hacer fuego y procurarme combustible. Contaré con lujo de detalles lo que hice para procurármelo y cómo agrandé mi cueva y las demás mejoras que introduje. Pero antes, debo hacer un breve relato acerca de mí y mis pensamientos sobre la vida, que, como bien podrá imaginarse, no eran pocos. Tenía una idea bastante sombría de mi condición, pues me hallaba náufrago en esta isla, a causa de una violenta tormenta, que nos había sacado completamente de rumbo; es decir, a varios cientos de leguas de las rutas comerciales de la humanidad. Tenía muchas razones para creer que se trataba de una determinación del Cielo y que terminaría mis días en este lugar desolado y solitario. Lloraba amargamente cuando pensaba en esto y, a veces, me preguntaba a mí mismo por qué la Providencia arruinaba de esta forma a sus criaturas y las hacía tan absolutamente miserables; por qué las abandonaba de forma tan humillante, que resultaba imposible sentirse agradecido por estar vivo en semejantes condiciones.

Pero algo siempre me hacía recapacitar y reprocharme por estos pensamientos. Particularmente, un día, mientras caminaba por la orilla del mar con mi escopeta en la mano y me hallaba absorto reflexionando sobre mi condición, la razón, por así decirlo, me expuso otro argumento: «Pues bien, estás en una situación desoladora, cierto, pero por favor, recuerda dónde están los demás. ¿Acaso no venían once a bordo del bote? ¿Por qué no se salvaron ellos y moriste tú? ¿Por qué fuiste escogido? ¿Es mejor estar aquí o allá?» Y entonces apunté con el dedo hacia el mar. Todos los males han de ser juzgados pensando en el bien que traen consigo y en los males mayores que pueden acechar.

Entonces volví a pensar en lo bien provisto que estaba para subsistir y lo que habría sido de mí, si no hubiese ocurrido -había, acaso, una posibilidad entre cien mil- que el barco se encallara donde lo hizo primeramente, y hubiese sido arrastrado tan cerca de la costa, que me diese tiempo de rescatar todo lo que pude de él. ¿Qué habría sido de mí si hubiese tenido que vivir en las condiciones en las que había llegado a tierra, sin las cosas necesarias para vivir o para conseguir el sustento? -Sobre todo -decía en voz alta, aunque hablando conmigo mismo-, ¿qué habría hecho sin una escopeta, sin municiones, sin herramientas para fabricar nada ni para tra bajar, sin ropa, sin cama, ni tienda, ni nada con que cubrirme? Ahora tenía todas estas cosas en abundancia y me hallaba en buenas condiciones para abastecerme, incluso cuando se me agotaran las municiones. Ahora tenía una perspectiva razonable de subsistir sin pasar necesidades por el resto de mi vida, pues, desde el principio, había previsto el modo de abastecerme, no solo si tenía un accidente, sino en el futuro, cuando se me hubiesen agotado las municiones y hubiese perdido la salud y la fuerza.

Confieso que nunca había contemplado la posibilidad de que mis municiones pudiesen ser destruidas de un golpe; quiero decir, que mi pólvora se encendiera con un rayo, y por eso me quedé tan sorprendido cuando comenzó a tronar y a relampaguear.

Y ahora que voy a entrar en el melancólico relato de una vida silenciosa, como jamás se ha escuchado en el mundo, comenzaré desde el principio y continuaré en orden. Según mis cálculos, estábamos a 30 de septiembre cuando llegué a esta horrible isla por primera vez; el sol, que para nosotros se hallaba en el equinoccio otoñal, estaba casi justo sobre mi cabeza pues, según mis observaciones, me encontraba a nueve grados veintidós minutos de latitud norte respecto al ecuador.

Al cabo de diez o doce días en la isla, me di cuenta de que perdería la noción del tiempo por falta de libros, pluma y tinta y que entonces, se me olvidarían incluso los días que había que trabajar y los que había que guardar descanso. Para evitar esto, clavé en la playa un poste en forma de cruz en el que grabé con letras mayúsculas la siguiente inscripción: «Aquí llegué a tierra el 30 de septiembre de 1659». Cada día, hacía una incisión con el cuchillo en el costado del poste; cada siete incisiones hacía una que medía el doble que el resto; y el primer día de cada mes, hacía una marca dos veces más larga que las anteriores. De este modo, llevaba mi calendario, o sea, el cómputo de las semanas, los meses y los años.

Hay que observar que, entre las muchas cosas que rescaté del barco, en los muchos viajes que hice, como he mencionado anteriormente, traje varias de poco valor pero no por eso menos útiles, que he omitido en mi narración; a saber: plumas, tinta y papel de los que había varios paquetes que pertenecían al capitán, el primer oficial y el carpintero; tres o cuatro compases, algunos instrumentos matemáticos, cuadrantes, catalejos, cartas marinas y libros de navegación; todo lo cual había amontonado, por si alguna vez me hacían falta. También encontré tres Biblias muy buenas, que me habían llegado de Inglaterra y había empaquetado con mis cosas, algunos libros en portugués, entre ellos dos o tres libros de oraciones papistas, y otros muchos libros que conservé con gran cuidado. Tampoco debo olvidar que en el barco llevábamos un perro y dos gatos, de cuya eminente historia diré algo en su momento, pues me traje los dos gatos y el perro saltó del barco por su cuenta y nadó hasta la orilla, al día siguiente de mi desembarco con el primer cargamento. A partir de entonces, fue mi fiel servidor durante muchos años. Me traía todo lo que yo quería y me hacía compañía; lo único que faltaba era que me hablara pero eso no lo podía hacer. Como dije, había encontrado plumas, tinta y papel, que administré con suma prudencia y puedo demostrar que mientras duró la tinta, apunté las cosas con exactitud. Mas cuando se me acabó, no pude seguir haciéndolo, pues no conseguí producirla de ningún modo.

Esto me hizo advertir que, a pesar de todo lo que había logrado reunir, necesitaba más cosas, entre ellas tinta y también un pico y una pala para excavar y remover la tierra, agujas, alfileres, hilo y ropa blanca, de la cual aprendí muy pronto a prescindir sin mucha dificultad.

Esta falta de herramientas, hacía más difíciles los trabajos que tenía que realizar, por lo que tardé casi un año en terminar mi pequeña empalizada o habitación protegida. Los postes o estacas, que tenían un peso proporcional a mis fuerzas, me obligaron a pasar mucho tiempo en el bosque cortando y preparando troncos y, sobre todo, transportándolos hasta mi morada. A veces tardaba dos días enteros en cortar y transportar uno solo de esos postes y otro día más en clavarlo en la tierra. Para hacer esto, utilizaba un leño pesado pero después pensé que sería mejor utilizar unas barras puntiagudas de hierro que, después de todo, tampoco me aliviaron el tedio y la fatiga de enterrar los postes.

Pero, ¿qué necesidad tenía de preocuparme por la monotonía que me imponía cualquier obligación si tenía todo el tiempo del mundo para realizarla? Tampoco tenía más que hacer cuando terminara, al menos nada que pudiera prever, si no era recorrer la isla en busca de alimento, lo cual hacía casi todos los días.

Comencé a considerar seriamente mi condición y las circunstancias a las que me veía reducido y decidí poner mis asuntos por escrito, no tanto para dejarlos a los que acaso vinieran después de mí, pues era muy poco probable que tuviera descendencia, sino para liberar los pensamientos que a diario me afligían. A medida que mi razón iba dominando mi abatimiento, empecé a consolarme como pude y a anotar lo bueno y lo malo, para poder distinguir mi situación de una peor; y apunté con imparcialidad, como lo harían un deudor y un acreedor, los placeres de que disfrutaba, así como las miserias que padecía, de la siguiente manera:

Malo: He sido arrojado a una horrible isla desierta, sin esperanza alguna de salvación.

Pero estoy vivo y no me he ahogado como el resto de mis compañeros de viaje.

Al parecer, he sido aislado y separado de todo el mundo para llevar una vida miserable.

Pero también he sido eximido, entre todos los tripulantes del barco, de la muerte; y Él, que tan milagrosamente me salvó de la muerte, me puede liberar de esta condición.

Estoy separado de la humanidad, completamente aislado, desterrado de la sociedad humana.

Pero no estoy muriéndome de hambre ni pereciendo en una tierra estéril, sin sustento.

No tengo ropa para cubrirme.

Pero estoy en un clima cálido donde, si tuviera ropa, apenas podría utilizarla.

No tengo defensa alguna ni medios para resistir un ataque de hombre o bestia.

Pero he sido arrojado a una isla en la que no veo animales feroces que puedan hacerme daño, como los que vi en la costa de África; ¿y si hubiese naufragado allí?

No tengo a nadie con quien hablar o que pueda consolarme.

Pero Dios, envió milagrosamente el barco cerca de la costa para que pudiese rescatar las cosas necesarias para suplir mis carencias y abastecerme con lo que me haga falta por el resto de mi vida.

En conjunto, este era un testimonio indudable de que no podía haber en el mundo una situación más miserable que la mía. Sin embargo, para cada cosa negativa había algo positivo por lo que dar gracias. Y que esta experiencia, obtenida en la condición más desgraciada del mundo, sirva para demostrar que, aun en la desgracia, siempre encontraremos algún consuelo, que colocar en el cómputo del acreedor, cuando hagamos el balance de lo bueno y lo malo.

Habiendo recuperado un poco el ánimo respecto a mi condición y renunciando a mirar hacia el mar en busca de algún barco; digo que, dejando esto a un lado, comencé a ocuparme de mejorar mi forma de vida, tratando de facilitarme las cosas lo mejor que pudiera.

Ya he descrito mi vivienda, que era una tienda bajo la ladera de una colina, rodeada de una robusta empalizada hecha de postes y cables. En verdad, debería llamarla un muro porque, desde fuera, levanté una suerte de pared contra el césped, de unos dos pies de espesor y, al cabo de un tiempo, creo que como un año y medio, coloqué unas vigas que se apoyaban en la roca y la cubrí con ramas de árboles y cosas por el estilo para protegerme de la lluvia, que en algunas épocas del año era muy violenta.

Ya he relatado cómo llevé todos mis bienes al interior de la empalizada y de la cueva que excavé en la parte posterior. Pero debo añadir que, al principio, todo esto era un confuso amontonamiento de cosas desordenadas, que ocupaban casi todo el espacio y no me dejaban sitio para moverme. Así, pues, me di a la tarea de agrandar mi cueva, excavando más profundamente en la tierra, que era de roca arenosa y cedía fácilmente a mi trabajo. Cuando me sentí a salvo de las bestias de presa, comencé a excavar caminos laterales en la roca; primero hacia la derecha y, luego, nuevamente hacia la derecha, lo cual me permitió contar con un angosto acceso por el que entrar y salir de mi empalizada o fortificación. Esto no solo me proporcionó una entrada y salida, como una suerte de paso por el fondo a la tienda y la bodega, sino un espacio para almacenar mis bienes.

Entonces, comencé a dedicarme a fabricar las cosas que consideraba más necesarias, particularmente una silla y una mesa, pues sin estas no podía disfrutar de las pocas comodidades que tenía en el mundo; no podía escribir, comer, ni hacer muchas cosas a gusto sin una mesa.

Así, pues, me puse a trabajar y aquí debo señalar que, puesto que la razón es la sustancia y origen de las matemáticas, todos los hombres pueden hacerse expertos en las artes manuales si utilizan la razón para formular y encuadrar todo y juzgar las cosas racionalmente. Nunca en mi vida había utilizado una herramienta, mas con el tiempo, con trabajo, empeño e ingenio descubrí que no había nada que no pudiera construir, en especial, si tenía herramientas; y hasta llegué a hacer un montón de cosas sin herramientas, algunas de ellas, tan solo con una azuela y un hacha, como, seguramente, nunca se habrían hecho antes; y todo ello con infinito esfuerzo. Por ejemplo, si quería un tablón, no tenía más remedio que cortar un árbol, colocarlo de canto y aplanarlo a golpes con mi hacha por ambos lados, hasta convertirlo en una plancha y, después, pulirlo con mi azuela. Es cierto que con este procedimiento solo podía obtener una tabla de un árbol completo pero no me quedaba otra alternativa que ser paciente. Tampoco tenía solución para el esfuerzo y el tiempo que me costaba hacer cada plancha o tablón; mas como mi tiempo y mi trabajo valían muy poco, estaban bien empleados de cualquier forma.

Con todo, según expliqué anteriormente, primero me hice una mesa y una silla con las tablas pequeñas que traje del barco en mi balsa. Más tarde, después de fabricar algunas tablas, del modo que he dicho, hice unos estantes largos, de un pie y medio de ancho, que puse, uno encima de otro, a lo largo de toda mi cueva para colocar todas mis herramientas, clavos y hierros; en pocas palabras, para tener cada cosa en su lugar de manera que pudiese acceder a todo fácilmente. Clavé, además, unos ganchos en la pared de la roca para colgar mis armas y todas las cosas que pudiese. Si alguien hubiese visto mi cueva, le habría parecido un almacén general de todas las cosas necesarias en el mundo. Tenía todas mis pertenencias tan a la mano que era un placer ver un surtido tan amplio y ordenado de existencias.

Fue entonces cuando comencé a llevar un diario de lo que hacía cada día porque, al principio, tenía mucha prisa no solo por el trabajo, sino porque estaba bastante confuso, por lo que mi diario habría estado lleno de cosas lúgubres. Por ejemplo, habría dicho: «30 de septiembre. Después de haber llegado a la orilla y haberme librado de morir ahogado, en vez de darle gracias a Dios por salvarme, tras vomitar toda el agua salada que había tragado, hallándome un poco más repuesto, corrí de un lado a otro de la playa, retorciéndome las manos y golpeándome la cabeza y la cara, maldiciendo mi suerte y gritando que estaba perdido hasta que, extenuado y desmayado, tuve que tumbarme en la tierra a descansar y aún no pude dormir por temor a ser devorado.»

Días más tarde, después de haber regresado al barco y rescatado todo lo posible, todavía no podía evitar subir a la cima de la colina, con la esperanza de ver si pasaba algún barco. Imaginaba que, a lo lejos, veía una vela y me contentaba con esa ilusión. Luego, después de mirar fijamente hasta quedarme casi ciego, la perdía de vista y me sentaba a llorar como un niño, aumentando mi desgracia por mi insensatez.

Mas, habiendo superado esto en cierta medida y habiendo instalado mis cosas y mi vivienda; habiendo hecho una silla y una mesa y dispuesto todo tan agradablemente como pude, comencé a llevar mi diario, que transcribiré a continuación (aunque en él se vuelvan a contar todos los detalles que ya he contado), en el cual escribí mientras pude, pues cuando se me acabó la tinta, tuve que abandonarlo. 

5

30 de septiembre de 1659. Yo, pobre y miserable Robinson Crusoe, habiendo naufragado durante una terrible tempestad, llegué más muerto que vivo a esta desdicha da isla a la que llamé la Isla de la Desesperación, mientras que el resto de la tripulación del barco murió ahogada.

Pasé el resto del día lamentándome de la triste condición en la que me hallaba, pues no tenía comida, ni casa, ni ropa, ni armas, ni un lugar a donde huir, ni la más mínima esperanza de alivio y no veía otra cosa que la muerte, ya fuera devorado por las bestias, asesinado por los salvajes o asediado por el hambre. Al llegar la noche, dormí sobre un árbol, al que subí por miedo a las criaturas salvajes, y logré dormir profundamente a pesar de que llovió toda la noche.

1 de octubre. Por la mañana vi, para mi sorpresa, que el barco se había desencallado al subir la marea y había sido arrastrado hasta muy cerca de la orilla. Por un lado, esto supuso un consuelo, porque, estando erguido y no desbaratado en mil pedazos, tenía la esperanza de subir a bordo cuando el viento amainara y rescatar los alimentos y las cosas que me hicieran falta; por otro lado, renovó mi pena por la pérdida de mis compañeros, ya que, de habernos quedado a bordo, habríamos salvado el barco o, al menos, no todos habrían perecido ahogados; si los hombres se hubiesen salvado, tal vez habríamos construido, con los restos del barco, un bote que nos pudiese llevar a alguna otra parte del mundo. Pasé gran parte del día perplejo por todo esto, mas, viendo que el barco estaba casi sobre seco, me acerqué todo lo que pude por la arena y luego nadé hasta él. Ese día también llovía aunque no soplaba viento.

Del 1 al 24 de octubre. Pasé todos estos días haciendo viajes para rescatar todo lo que pudiese del barco y llevarlo hasta la orilla en una balsa cuando subiera la marea. Llovió también en estos días aunque con intervalos de buen tiempo; al parecer, era la estación de lluvia.

20 de octubre. Mi balsa volcó con toda la carga porque las cosas que llevaba eran mayormente pesadas, pero como el agua no era demasiado profunda, pude recuperarlas cuando bajó la marea.

25 de octubre. Llovió toda la noche y todo el día, con algunas ráfagas de viento. Durante ese lapso de tiempo, el viento sopló con fuerza y destrozó el barco hasta que no quedó más rastro de él, que algunos restos que aparecieron cuando bajó la marea. Me pasé todo el día cubriendo y protegiendo los bienes que había rescatado para que la lluvia no los estropeara.

26 de octubre. Durante casi todo el día recorrí la costa en busca de un lugar para construir mi vivienda y estaba muy preocupado por ponerme a salvo de un ataque noctur no, ya fuera de animales u hombres. Hacia la noche, encontré un lugar adecuado bajo una roca y tracé un semicírculo para mi campamento, que decidí fortificar con una pared o muro hecho de postes atados con cables por dentro y con matojos por fuera.

Del 26 al 30. Trabajé con gran empeño para transportar todos mis bienes a mi nueva vivienda aunque llovió buena parte del tiempo.

El 31. Por la mañana, salí con mi escopeta a explorar la isla y a buscar alimento. Maté a una cabra y su pequeño me siguió hasta casa y después tuve que matarlo porque no quería comer.

1 de noviembre. Instalé mi tienda al pie de una roca y permanecí en ella por primera vez toda la noche. La hice tan espaciosa como pude con las estacas que había traído para poder colgar mi hamaca.

2 de noviembre. Coloqué mis arcones, las tablas y los pedazos de leña con los que había hecho las balsas a modo de empalizada dentro del lugar que había marcado para mi fortaleza.

3 de noviembre. Salí con mi escopeta y maté dos aves semejantes a patos, que estaban muy buenas. Por la tarde me puse a construir una mesa.

4 de noviembre. Esta mañana organicé mi horario de trabajo, caza, descanso y distracción; es decir, que todas las mañanas salía a cazar durante dos o tres horas, si no llovía, entonces trabajaba hasta las once en punto, luego comía lo que tuviese y desde las doce hasta las dos me echaba una siesta pues a esa hora hacía mucho calor; por la tarde trabajaba otra vez. Dediqué las horas de trabajo de ese día y del siguiente a construir mi mesa, pues aún era un pésimo trabajador, aunque el tiempo y la necesidad hicieron de mí un excelente artesano en poco tiempo, como, pienso, le hubiese ocurrido a cualquiera.

5 de noviembre. Este día salí con mi escopeta y mi perro y cacé un gato salvaje que tenía la piel muy suave aunque su carne era incomestible: siempre desollaba todos los animales que cazaba y conservaba su piel. A la vuelta, por la orilla, vi muchos tipos de aves marinas que no conocía y fui sorprendido y casi asustado por dos o tres focas que, mientras las observaba sin saber qué eran, se echaron al mar y escaparon, por esa vez.

6 de noviembre. Después de mi paseo matutino, volví a trabajar en mi mesa y la terminé aunque no a mi gusto; mas no pasó mucho tiempo antes de que aprendiera a arreglarla.

7 de noviembre. El tiempo comenzó a mejorar. Los días 7, 8, 9, 10 y parte del 12 (porque el 11 era domingo), me dediqué exclusivamente a construir una silla y, con mucho esfuerzo, logre darle una forma aceptable aunque no llegó a gustarme nunca y eso que en el proceso, la deshice varias veces. Nota: pronto descuidé la observancia del domingo porque al no hacer una marca en el poste para indicarlos, olvidé cuándo caía ese día.

13 de noviembre. Este día llovió, lo cual refrescó mucho y enfrió la tierra pero la lluvia vino acompañada de rayos y truenos; esto me hizo temer por mi pólvora. Tan pronto como escampó decidí separar mi provisión de pólvora en tantos pequeños paquetes como fuese posible, a fin de que no corriesen peligro.

14, 15 y 16 de noviembre. Pasé estos tres días haciendo pequeñas cajas y cofres que pudieran contener una o dos libras de pólvora, a lo sumo y, guardando en ellos la pólvora, la almacené en lugares seguros y tan distantes entre sí como pude. Uno de estos tres días maté un gran pájaro que no era comestible y no sabía qué era.

17 de noviembre. Este día comencé a excavar la roca detrás de mi tienda con el fin de ampliar el espacio. Nota: necesitaba tres cosas para realizar esta tarea, a saber, un pico, una pala y una carretilla o cesto. Detuve el trabajo para pensar en la forma de suplir esta necesidad y hacerme unas herramientas; utilicé las barras de hierro como pico y funcionaron bastante bien aunque eran pesadas; lo siguiente era una pala u horca, que era tan absolutamente imprescindible, que no podía hacer nada sin ella; mas no sabía cómo hacerme una.

18 de noviembre. Al día siguiente, buscando en el bosque, encontré un árbol, o al menos uno muy parecido, de los que en Brasil se conocen como árbol de hierro por la du reza de su madera. De esta madera, con mucho trabajo y casi a costa de romper mi hacha, corté un pedazo y lo traje a casa con igual dificultad pues pesaba muchísimo.

La excesiva dureza de la madera y la falta de medios me obligaron a pasar mucho tiempo en esta labor, pues tuve que trabajar poco a poco hasta darle la forma de pala o azada; el mango era exactamente igual a los de Inglaterra, con la diferencia de que al no estar cubierta de hierro la parte más ancha al final, no habría de durar mucho tiempo; no obstante, servía para el uso que le di; y creo que jamás se había construido una pala de este modo ni había tomado tanto tiempo hacerla.

Aún tenía carencias, pues me hacía falta una canasta o carretilla. No tenía forma de hacer una canasta porque no disponía de ramas que tuvieran la flexibilidad necesaria para hacer mimbre, o al menos no las había encontrado aún. En cuanto a la carretilla, imaginé que podría fabricar todo menos la rueda; no tenía la menor idea de cómo hacerla, ni siquiera empezarla; además, no tenía forma de hacer la barra que atraviesa el eje de la rueda, así que me di por vencido y, para sacar la tierra que extraía de la cueva, hice algo parecido a las bateas que utilizan los albañiles para transportar la argamasa.

Esto no me resultó tan difícil como hacer la pala y, con todo, construir la batea y la pala, aparte del esfuerzo que hice en vano para fabricar una carretilla, me tomó casi cuatro días; digo, sin contar el tiempo invertido en mis paseos matutinos con mi escopeta, cosa que casi nunca dejaba de hacer y casi nunca volvía a casa sin algo para comer.

23 de noviembre. Había suspendido mis demás tareas para fabricar estas herramientas y, cuando las hube terminado, seguí trabajando todos los días, en la medida en que me lo permitían mis fuerzas y el tiempo. Pasé dieciocho días enteros en ampliar y profundizar mi cueva a fin de que pudiese alojar mis pertenencias cómodamente.

Nota: durante todo este tiempo, trabajé para ampliar esta habitación o cueva lo suficiente como para que me sirviera de depósito o almacén, de cocina, comedor y bodega; en cuanto a mi dormitorio, seguí utilizando la tienda salvo cuando, en la temporada de lluvias, llovía tan fuertemente que no podía mantenerme seco, lo que me obligaba a cubrir todo el recinto que estaba dentro de la empalizada con palos largos, a modo de travesaños, inclinados contra la roca, que luego cubría con matojos y anchas hojas de árboles, formando una especie de tejado.

10 de diciembre. Creía terminada mi cueva o cámara cuando, de pronto (parece que la había hecho demasiado grande), comenzó a caer un montón de tierra por uno de los lados; tanta que me asusté, y no sin razón, pues de haber estado debajo no me habría hecho falta un sepulturero. Tuve que trabajar muchísimo para enmendar este desastre porque tenía que sacar toda la tierra que se había desprendido y, lo más importante, apuntalar el techo para asegurarme de que no hubiese más derrumbamientos.

11 de diciembre. Este día me puse a trabajar en consonancia con lo ocurrido y puse dos puntales o estacas contra el techo de la cueva y dos tablas cruzadas sobre cada uno de ellos. Terminé esta tarea al día siguiente y después seguí colocando más puntales y tablas, de manera que en una semana, había asegurado el techo; los pilares, que estaban colocados en hileras, servían para dividir las estancias de mi casa.

17 de diciembre. Desde este día hasta el 20, coloqué estantes y clavos en los pilares para colgar todo lo que se pudiese colgar y entonces empecé a sentir que la casa estaba un poco más organizada.

20 de diciembre. Llevé todas las cosas dentro de la cueva y comencé a amueblar mi casa y a colocar algunas tablas a modo de aparador donde poner mis alimentos pero no tenía demasiadas tablas; también me hice otra mesa.

24 de diciembre. Mucha lluvia todo el día y toda la noche; no salí.

25 de diciembre. Llovió todo el día.

26 de diciembre. No llovió y la tierra estaba mucho más fresca que antes y más agradable.

27 de diciembre. Maté una cabra joven y herí a otra que pude capturar y llevarme a casa atada a una cuerda; una vez en casa, le amarré y entablillé la pata, que estaba rota. Nota: la cuidé tanto que sobrevivió; se le curó la pata y estaba más fuerte que nunca y de cuidarla tanto tiempo se domesticó y se alimentaba del césped que crecía junto a la entrada y no se escapó. Esta fue la primera vez que contemplé la idea de criar y domesticar algunos animales para tener con qué alimentarme cuando se me acabaran la pólvora y las municiones.

28, 29 y 30 de diciembre. Mucho calor y nada de brisa de manera que no se podía salir, excepto por la noche, a buscar alimento; pasé estos días poniendo en orden mi casa.

1 de enero. Mucho calor aún pero salí con mi escopeta temprano en la mañana y luego por la tarde; el resto del día me quedé tranquilo. Esa noche me adentré en los valles que se encuentran en el centro de la isla y descubrí muchas cabras, pero muy ariscas y huidizas; decidí que iba a tratar de llevarme al perro para cazarlas.

2 de enero. En efecto, al otro día me llevé al perro y le mostré las cabras, pero me equivoqué porque todas se le enfrentaron y él, sabiendo que podía correr peligro, no se quería acercar a ellas.

3 de enero. Comencé a construir mi verja o pared y como aún temía que alguien me atacara, decidí hacerla gruesa y fuerte.

Nota: como ya he descrito esta pared anteriormente, omito deliberadamente en el diario lo que ya he dicho; baste señalar que estuve casi desde el 3 de enero hasta el 14 de abril, trabajando, terminando y perfeccionando esta pared aunque no medía más de veinticuatro yardas de largo. Era un semicírculo que iba desde un punto a otro de la roca y medía unas ocho yardas; la puerta de la cueva estaba en el centro.

Durante todo este tiempo trabajé arduamente a pesar de que muchos días, a veces durante semanas enteras, las lluvias eran un obstáculo; pero creía que no estaría total mente a salvo mientras no terminara la pared. Resulta casi increíble el indescriptible esfuerzo que suponía hacerlo todo, especialmente traer las vigas del bosque y clavarlas en la tierra puesto que las hice más grandes de lo que debía.

Cuando terminé el muro y lo rematé con la doble muralla de matojos, me convencí de que si alguien se acercaba no se daría cuenta de que allí había una vivienda; e hice muy bien, como se verá más adelante, en una ocasión muy señalada.

Durante este tiempo y cuando las lluvias me lo permitían, iba a cazar todos los días al bosque. Hice varios descubrimientos que me fueron de utilidad, particularmente, des cubrí una especie de paloma salvaje que no anidaba en los árboles como las palomas torcaces sino en las cavidades de las rocas como las domésticas y, llevándome algunas crías me dediqué a domesticarlas, mas cuando crecieron, se escaparon todas, seguramente por hambre pues no tenía mucho que darles de comer. No obstante, a menudo encontraba sus nidos y me llevaba algunas crías que tenían una carne muy sabrosa.

Mientras me hacía cargo de mis asuntos domésticos, me di cuenta de que necesitaba muchas cosas que al principio me parecían imposibles de fabricar como, en efecto, ocurrió con algunas. Por ejemplo, nunca logré hacer un tonel con argollas. Como ya he dicho, tenía uno o dos barriles pero nunca llegué a fabricar uno, aunque pasé muchas semanas intentándolo. No conseguía colocarle los fondos ni unir las duelas lo suficiente como para que pudiera contener agua; así que me di por vencido.

Lo otro que necesitaba eran velas pues tan pronto oscurecía, generalmente a eso de las siete, me veía obligado a acostarme. Recordaba aquel trozo de cera con el que había hecho unas velas en mi aventura africana pero ahora no tenía nada. Lo único que podía hacer cuando mataba alguna cabra, era conservar el sebo y en un pequeño plato de arcilla que cocí al sol, poner una mecha de estopa y hacerme una lámpara; esta me proporcionaba luz pero no tan clara y constante como la de las velas.

En medio de todas mis labores, una vez, registrando mis cosas, encontré una bolsita que contenía grano para alimentar los pollos, no de este viaje sino del anterior, supongo que del barco que vino de Lisboa. De este viaje, el poco grano que quedaba había sido devorado por las ratas y no encontré más que cáscaras y polvo. Como quería utilizar la bolsa para otra cosa, sacudí las cáscaras a un lado de mi fortificación, bajo la roca. Fue poco antes de las grandes lluvias que acabo de mencionar, cuando me deshice de esto, sin advertir nada y sin recordar que había echado nada allí. À1 cabo de un mes o algo así, me percaté de que unos tallos verdes brotaban de la tierra y me imaginé que se trataba de alguna planta que no había visto hasta entonces; mas cuál no sería mi sorpresa y mi asombro cuando, al cabo de un tiempo, vi diez o doce espigas de un perfecto grano verde, del mismo tipo que el europeo, más bien, del inglés.

Resulta imposible describir el asombro y la confusión que sentí en este momento. Hasta entonces, no tenía convicciones religiosas; de hecho, tenía muy pocos conocimientos de religión y pensaba que todo lo que me había sucedido respondía al azar o, como decimos por ahí, a la voluntad de Dios, sin indagar en las intenciones de la Providencia en estas cosas o en su poder para gobernar los asuntos del mundo. Mas cuando vi crecer aquel grano, en un clima que sabía inadecuado para los cereales y, sobre todo, sin saber cómo había llegado hasta allí, me sentí extrañamente sobrecogido y comencé a creer que Dios había hecho que este grano creciera milagrosamente, sin que nadie lo hubiese sembrado, únicamente para mi sustento en ese miserable lugar.

Esto me llegó al corazón y me hizo llorar y regocijarme porque semejante prodigio de la naturaleza se hubiera obrado en mi beneficio; y más asombroso aún fue ver que cerca de la cebada, a todo lo largo de la roca, brotaban desordenadamente otros tallos, que eran de arroz pues lo reconocí por haberlos visto en las costas de África.

No solo pensé que todo esto era obra de la Providencia, que me estaba ayudando, sino que no dudé que encontraría más en otro sitio y recorrí toda la parte de la isla en la que había estado antes, escudriñando todos los rincones y debajo de todas las rocas, en busca de más, pero no pude encontrarlo. Al final, recordé que había sacudido la bolsa de comida para los pollos en ese lugar y el asombro comenzó a disiparse. Debo confesar también que mi piadoso agradecimiento a la Providencia divina disminuyó cuando comprendí que todo aquello no era más que un acontecimiento natural. No obstante, debía estar agradecido por tan extraña e imprevista providencia, como si de un milagro se tratase, pues, en efecto, fue obra de la Providencia que esos diez o doce granos no se hubiesen estropeado (cuando las ratas habían destruido el resto) como si hubiesen caído del cielo. Además, los había tirado precisamente en ese lugar donde, bajo la sombra de una gran roca, pudieron brotar inmediatamente, mientras que si los hubiese tirado en cualquier otro lugar, en esa época del año se habrían quemado o destruido.

Con mucho cuidado recogí las espigas en la estación adecuada, a finales de junio, conservé todo el grano y decidí cosecharlo otra vez con la esperanza de tener, con el tiempo, suficiente grano para hacer pan. Pero pasaron cuatro años antes de que pudiera comer algún grano y, aun así, escasamente, como relataré más tarde, pues perdí la primera cosecha por no esperar el tiempo adecuado y sembrar antes de la estación seca, de manera que el grano no llegó a crecer, al menos no como lo habría hecho si lo hubiese sembrado en el momento propicio.

Además de la cebada, había unos veinte o treinta tallos de arroz, que conservé con igual cuidado para los mismos fines, es decir, para hacer pan o, más bien, comida ya que encontré la forma de cocinarlo sin hornearlo aunque esto también lo hice más adelante. Mas volvamos a mi diario.

Trabajé arduamente durante estos tres o cuatro meses para levantar mi muro y el 14 de abril lo cerré, no con una puerta sino con una escalera que pasaba por encima del muro para que no se vieran rastros de mi vivienda desde el exterior.

16 de abril. Terminé la escalera de manera que podía subir por ella hasta arriba y bajarla tras de mí hasta el interior. Esto me proveía una protección completa, pues por dentro tenía suficiente espacio pero nada podía entrar desde fuera, a no ser que escalara el muro.

Al día siguiente, después de terminar todo esto, estuve a punto de perder el fruto de todo mi trabajo y mi propia vida de la siguiente manera: el caso fue el siguiente, mientras trabajaba en el interior, detrás de mi tienda y justo en la entrada de mi cueva, algo verdaderamente aterrador me dejó espantado y fue que, de repente, comenzó a desprenderse sobre mi cabeza la tierra del techo de mi cueva y del borde de la roca y dos de los postes que había colocado crujieron tremebundamente. Sentí verdadero pánico porque no tenía idea de qué podía estar ocurriendo, tan solo pensaba que el techo de mi cueva se caía, como lo había hecho antes. Temiendo quedar sepultado dentro, corrí hacia mi escalera pero como tampoco me sentía seguro haciendo esto, escalé el muro por miedo a que los trozos que se desprendían de la roca me cayeran encima. No bien había pisado tierra firme cuando vi claramente que se trataba de un terrible terremoto porque el suelo sobre el que pisaba se movió tres veces en menos de ocho minutos, con tres sacudidas que habrían derribado el edificio más resistente que se hubiese construido sobre la faz de la tierra. Un gran trozo de la roca más próxima al mar, que se encontraba como a una milla de donde yo estaba, cayó con un estrépito como nunca había escuchado en mi vida. Me di cuenta también de que el mar se agitó violentamente y creo que las sacudidas eran más fuertes debajo del agua que en la tierra.

Como nunca había experimentado algo así, ni había hablado con nadie que lo hubiese hecho, estaba como muerto o pasmado y el movimiento de la tierra me afectaba el estómago como a quien han arrojado al mar. Mas el ruido de la roca al caer, me despertó, por así decirlo, y, sacándome del estupor en el que me encontraba me infundió terror y ya no podía pensar en otra cosa que en la colina que caía sobre mi tienda y sobre todas mis provisiones domésticas, cubriéndolas totalmente, lo cual me sumió en una profunda tristeza.

Después de la tercera sacudida no volví a sentir más y comencé a armarme de valor aunque aún no tenía las fuerzas para trepar por mi muro, pues temía ser sepultado vivo. Así pues, me quedé sentado en el suelo, abatido y desconsolado, sin saber qué hacer. En todo este tiempo, no tuve el menor pensamiento religioso, nada que no fuese la habitual súplica: Señor, ten piedad de mí. Mas cuando todo terminó, lo olvidé también.

Mientras estaba sentado de este modo, me percaté de que el cielo se oscurecía y nublaba como si fuera a llover. Al poco tiempo, el viento se fue levantando hasta que, en me nos de media hora, comenzó a soplar un huracán espantoso. De repente, el mar se cubrió de espuma, las olas anegaron la playa y algunos árboles cayeron de raíz; tan terrible fue la tormenta; y esto duró casi tres horas hasta que empezó a amainar y, al cabo de dos horas, todo se quedó en calma y comenzó a llover copiosamente.

Todo este tiempo permanecí sentado sobre la tierra, aterrorizado y afligido, hasta que se me ocurrió pensar que los vientos y la lluvia eran las consecuencias del terremoto y, por lo tanto, el terremoto había pasado y podía intentar regresar a mi cueva. Esta idea me reanimó el espíritu y la lluvia terminó de persuadirme; así, pues, fui y me senté en mi tienda pero la lluvia era tan fuerte que mi tienda estaba a punto de desplomarse por lo que tuve que meterme en mi cueva, no sin el temor y la angustia de que me cayera encima.

Esta violenta lluvia me forzó a realizar un nuevo trabajo: abrir un agujero a través de mi nueva fortificación, a modo de sumidero para que las aguas pudieran correr, pues, de lo contrario, habrían inundado la cueva. Después de un rato, y viendo que no había más temblores de tierra, empecé a sentirme más tranquilo y para reanimarme, que mucha falta me hacía, me llegué hasta mi pequeña bodega y me tomé un trago de ron, cosa que hice en ese momento y siempre con mucha prudencia porque sabía que, cuando se terminara, ya no habría más.

Siguió lloviendo toda esa noche y buena parte del día siguiente, por lo que no pude salir; pero como estaba más sosegado, comencé a pensar en lo mejor que podía hacer y llegué a la conclusión de que si la isla estaba sujeta a estos terremotos, no podría vivir en una cueva sino que debía considerar hacerme una pequeña choza en un espacio abierto que pudiera rodear con un muro como el que había construido para protegerme de las bestias salvajes y los hombres. Deduje que si me quedaba donde estaba, con toda seguridad, sería sepultado vivo tarde o temprano.

Con estos pensamientos, decidí sacar mi tienda de donde la había puesto, que era justo debajo del peñasco colgante de la colina, el cual le caería encima si la tierra volvía a temblar. Pasé los dos días siguientes, que eran el 19 y el 20 de abril, calculando dónde y cómo trasladar mi vivienda.

El miedo a quedar enterrado vivo no me dejó volver a dormir tranquilo pero el miedo a dormir fuera, sin ninguna protección, era casi igual. Cuando miraba a mi alrededor y lo veía todo tan ordenado, tan cómodo y tan seguro de cualquier peligro, sentía muy pocas ganas de mudarme.

Mientras tanto, pensé que me tomaría mucho tiempo hacer esto y que debía correr el riesgo de quedarme donde estaba hasta que hubiese hecho un campamento seguro para trasladarme. Con esta resolución me tranquilicé por un tiempo y resolví ponerme a trabajar a toda prisa en la construcción de un muro con pilotes y cables, como el que había hecho antes, formando un círculo, dentro del cual montaría mi tienda cuando estuviese terminado; pero por el momento, me quedaría donde estaba hasta que terminase y pudiese mudarme. Esto ocurrió el 21.

22 de abril. A la mañana siguiente comencé a pensar en los medios de ejecutar esta resolución pero tenía pocas herramientas; tenía tres hachas grandes y muchas pequeñas (que eran las que utilizábamos en el tráfico con los indios) pero, de tanto cortar y tallar maderas duras y nudosas, se habían mellado y desafilado y, aunque tenía una piedra de afilar, no podía hacerla girar al mismo tiempo que sujetaba mis herramientas. Esto fue motivo de tanta reflexión como la que un hombre de estado le habría dedicado a un asunto político muy importante o un juez a deliberar una sentencia de muerte. Finalmente, ideé una rueda con una cuerda, que podía girar con el pie y me dejaría ambas manos libres. Nota: nunca había visto nada semejante en Inglaterra, al menos, no como para saber cómo se hacía aunque, después, he podido constatar que es algo muy común. Aparte de esto, mi piedra de afilar era muy grande y pesada, por lo que me tomó una semana entera perfeccionar este mecanismo.

28, 29 de abril. Empleé estos dos días completos en afilar mis herramientas y mi mecanismo para girar la piedra funcionó muy bien.

30 de abril. Cuando revisé mi provisión de pan, me di cuenta de que había disminuido considerablemente, por lo que me limité a comer solo una galleta al día, cosa que me provocó mucho pesar.

1 de mayo. Por la mañana, miré hacia la playa y como la marea estaba baja, vi algo en la orilla, más grande de lo común, que parecía un tonel. Cuando me acerqué vi un pequeño barril y dos o tres pedazos del naufragio del barco, que fueron arrastrados hasta allí en el último huracán. Cuando miré hacia el barco, me pareció que sobresalía de la superficie del agua más que antes. Examiné el barril que había llegado y me di cuenta de que era un barril de pólvora pero se había mojado y la pólvora estaba apelmazada y dura como una piedra; no obstante, lo llevé rodando hasta la orilla y me acerqué al barco todo lo que pude por la arena para buscar más. 

6

Cuando llegué al barco, encontré que su disposición había cambiado extrañamente. El castillo de proa, que antes estaba enterrado en la arena, se había elevado más de seis pies. La popa, que se había desbaratado y separado del barco por la fuerza del mar poco después de que yo terminara de explorarlo, había sido arrojada hacia un lado y todo el costado donde antes había un buen tramo de agua que no me permitía llegar hasta el barco si no era nadando un cuarto de milla, se había llenado de arena y ahora casi podía llegar andando hasta él cuando la marea estaba baja. Al principio, esto me sorprendió pero pronto llegué a la conclusión de que había sido a causa del terremoto, cuya fuerza había roto el barco más de lo que ya estaba; de modo que, a diario, sus restos llegaban hasta la orilla arrastrados por el viento y las olas.

Esto me distrajo completamente de mi proyecto de mudar mi vivienda y me mantuvo, especialmente ese día, buscando el modo de volver al barco pero comprendí que no podría hacerlo pues su interior estaba completamente lleno de arena. Sin embargo, como había aprendido a no desesperar por nada, decidí arrancar todos los trozos del barco que pudiera sabiendo que todo lo que consiguiera rescatar de él, me sería útil de un modo u otro.

3 de mayo. Comencé a cortar un pedazo de travesaño que sostenía, según creía, parte de la plataforma o cubierta. Cuando terminé, quité toda la arena que pude de la parte más elevada pero la marea comenzó a subir y tuve que abandonar la tarea.

4 de mayo. Salí a pescar pero no cogí ni un solo pescado que me hubiese atrevido a comer y cuando me aburrí de esta actividad, justo cuando me iba a marchar, pesqué un pequeño delfín. Me había hecho un sedal con un poco de cuerda pero no tenía anzuelos; no obstante, a menudo cogía suficientes peces, tantos como necesitaba, y los secaba al sol para comerlos secos.

5 de mayo. Trabajé en los restos del naufragio, corté en pedazos otro travesaño y rescaté tres planchas de abeto de la cubierta, que até e hice flotar hasta la orilla cuando subió la marea.

6 de mayo. Trabajé en los restos del naufragio, rescaté varios tornillos y otras piezas de hierro, puse mucho ahínco y regresé a casa muy cansado y con la idea de renunciar a la tarea.

7 de mayo. Volví al barco pero sin intenciones de trabajar y descubrí que el casco se había roto por su propio peso y por haberle quitado los soportes, de manera que había varios pedazos sueltos y la bodega estaba tan al descubierto que se podía ver a través de ella, aunque solo fuera agua y arena.

8 de mayo. Fui al barco con una barra de hierro para arrancar la cubierta que ya estaba bastante despejada del agua y la arena; arranqué dos planchas y las llevé hasta la orilla, nuevamente, con la ayuda de la marea. Dejé la barra de hierro en el barco para el día siguiente.

9 de mayo. Fui al barco y me abrí paso en el casco con la barra de hierro. Palpé varios toneles y los aflojé pero no pude romperlos. También palpé el rollo de plomo de Inglaterra y logré moverlo pero pesaba demasiado para sacarlo.

10, 11, 12, 13 y 14 de mayo. Fui todos los días al barco y rescaté muchas piezas de madera y planchas o tablas y doscientas o trescientas libras de hierro.

15 de mayo. Me llevé dos hachas pequeñas para tratar de cortar un pedazo del rollo de plomo, aplicándole el filo de una de ellas y golpeando con la otra pero como estaba a casi un pie y medio de profundidad, no pude atinar a darle ni un solo golpe.

16 de mayo. El viento sopló con fuerza durante la noche y el barco se desbarató aún más con la fuerza del agua, pero me quedé tanto tiempo en el bosque cazando palomas para comer, que la marea me impidió llegar hasta él ese día.

17 de mayo. Vi algunos restos del barco que fueron arrastrados hasta la orilla, a gran distancia, a unas dos millas de donde me hallaba. Resolví ir a investigar de qué se trataba y descubrí que era una parte de la proa, demasiado pesada para llevármela.

24 de mayo. Hasta esta fecha, trabajé diariamente en el barco y, con gran esfuerzo, logré aflojar tantas cosas con la barra de hierro que cuando subió la marea por primera vez, vinieron flotando hasta la orilla varios toneles y dos de los arcones de marino; pero el viento soplaba de la costa y no llegó nada más ese día, excepto unos pedazos de madera y un barril que contenía un poco de cerdo del Brasil, pero el agua y la arena lo habían estropeado.

Proseguí sin tregua con esta tarea hasta el día 15 de junio, con la excepción del tiempo que dedicaba a buscar alimento, que era, como he dicho, cuando subía la marea, a fin de haber terminado para cuando bajara. Para esta fecha había reunido suficientes maderas, tablones y hierros para construir un buen bote, si hubiera sabido cómo. También logré reunir, por partes y en varios viajes, hasta cien libras en láminas de plomo.

16 de junio. Al bajar a la playa, encontré una gran tortuga. Era la primera que veía, lo cual se debía a mi mala suerte y no a un defecto del lugar ni a la escasez de estos animales, ya que si me hubiera encontrado en la otra parte de la isla, habría visto cientos de ellas todos los días, como descubrí posteriormente; pero, tal vez, me habrían salido demasiado caras.

17 de junio. Me dediqué a cocinar la tortuga y encontré dentro de ella tres veintenas de huevos y, en aquel momento, su carne me parecía la más sabrosa y gustosa que había probado en mi vida, pues no había comido más que cabras y aves desde mi llegada a este horrible lugar.

18 de junio. Llovió todo el día y no salí. Me dio la impresión de que la lluvia estaba fría y me sentía un poco resfriado, cosa muy rara en aquellas latitudes.

19 de junio. Estuve muy enfermo y tiritando como si hiciese mucho frío.

20 de junio. No pude descansar en toda la noche, fuertes dolores de cabeza y fiebre.

21 de junio. Estuve muy enfermo y asustado de muerte ante mi triste condición de estar enfermo y sin ayuda. Recé a Dios, por primera vez desde la tormenta de Hull, pero no sabía lo que decía ni por qué. Mis pensamientos eran confusos.

22 de junio. Un poco mejor pero con un gran temor a la enfermedad.

23 de junio. Muy mal otra vez, escalofríos y luego un terrible dolor de cabeza.

24 de junio. Mucho mejor.

25 de junio. Fiebre muy alta; el acceso duró siete horas, ataques de frío y calor seguidos de sudores y mareos.

26 de junio. Mejor. Como no tenía nada que comer, tomé mi escopeta pero me hallé demasiado débil. No obstante, maté una cabra hembra y con mucha dificultad la traje a casa. Asé un poco y comí. Me habría encantado hervirla y hacer un poco de caldo pero no tenía olla.

27 de junio. Me dio tanta fiebre que me quedé todo el día en cama y no pude comer ni beber nada. Estaba a punto de morir de sed pero me sentía tan débil, que no podía tenerme en pie o buscar agua para beber. Recé a Dios nuevamente pero deliraba y cuando no lo hacía, era tan ignorante que no sabía qué decirle. Tan solo lloraba diciendo: «Señor, mírame, ten piedad de mí, ten misericordia de mí.» Creo que no hice más por dos o tres horas hasta que comenzó a bajar la fiebre. Me quedé dormido y no desperté hasta altas horas de la noche. Cuando lo hice me sentía mejor pero débil y extremadamente sediento. No obstante, como no tenía agua en toda mi habitación, me vi obligado a esperar hasta la mañana y volví a dormirme. En esta segunda ocasión tuve una terrible pesadilla.

Soñé que estaba sentado en el suelo en la parte exterior de mi muro, en el mismo sitio en el que me había sentado cuando se desató la tormenta después del terremoto, y vi a un hombre que descendía a la tierra desde una gran nube negra envuelto en una brillante llama de fuego y luz. Todo él brillaba tanto como una llama por lo que no podía mirar hacia donde estaba; su aspecto era tan inexpresablemente espantoso que resulta imposible describirlo con palabras. Cuando puso los pies sobre la tierra, me pareció que esta temblaba, como lo había hecho en el terremoto y que el aire se llenaba de rayos de fuego.

No bien tocó la tierra, comenzó a caminar hacia mí con una gran lanza o arma en la mano y la intención de matarme. Cuando llegó a un promontorio de tierra, que estaba a cierta distancia de mí me habló o escuché una voz tan terrible que es imposible describir el terror que me causó. Lo único que puedo decir que entendí fue esto: «En vista de que ninguna de estas cosas ha suscitado tu arrepentimiento, ahora morirás». Al decir esto, me pareció que levantaba la lanza para matarme.

Nadie que lea este relato puede esperar que yo sea capaz de describir el espanto de mi alma ante esta terrible visión; quiero decir que, aunque solo era un sueño, era un sueño horroroso. Tampoco es posible describir mejor la impresión que quedó en mi espíritu al despertar y comprender que se trataba de un sueño.

No tenía, ¡ay de mí!, ningún conocimiento religioso; lo que había aprendido gracias a las buenas enseñanzas de mi padre, se había desvanecido en ocho años de ininterrumpidos desarreglos propios de la gente de mar y de haberme relacionado solo con gente tan incrédula y profana como yo. No recuerdo haber tenido, en todo ese tiempo, ni un solo pensamiento que me elevara a Dios o que me hiciera mirar hacia adentro y reflexionar sobre mi conducta; solo una cierta estupidez espiritual, que no deseaba el bien ni tenía conciencia del mal, se había apoderado totalmente de mí y me había convertido en la criatura más dura, insensible y perversa entre todos los marinos, que no sentía temor de Dios en el peligro, ni le estaba agradecido en la salvación.

Esto se entenderá mejor cuando cuente la parte pasada de mi historia y agregue que, a pesar de todas las desgracias que me habían ocurrido hasta ese día, no se me había ocurrido pensar que eran a consecuencia de la intervención divina, o que se trataba de un castigo por mis pecados, por la rebeldía contra mi padre, por mis pecados actuales que eran muy grandes o, bien, un castigo por el curso general de mi depravada vida. Cuando me hallaba en aquella desesperada expedición en las desiertas costas de África, no pensé ni por un instante en lo que podía ser de mí, ni deseé que Dios me indicara a dónde dirigirme, ni me protegiera del peligro que me rodeaba y de las criaturas voraces y salvajes crueles. Simplemente, no pensaba en Dios ni en la Providencia y me comportaba como una mera bestia enajenada de los principios de la naturaleza y los dictados del sentido común; a veces, ni siquiera como eso.

Cuando fui liberado y rescatado por el capitán portugués, y bien tratado, con justicia, honradez y caridad, no tuve ni un solo pensamiento de gratitud. Cuando, nuevamente, naufragué y me vi perdido y en peligro de morir ahogado en esta isla, no sentí el menor remordimiento ni lo vi como un castigo justo; tan solo me repetía una y otra vez que era un perro desgraciado, nacido para ser siempre miserable.

Es cierto que cuando llegué a esta orilla por primera vez y me di cuenta de que toda la tripulación había perecido ahogada mientras que yo me había salvado, me sobrecogió una especie de éxtasis o conmoción del alma que, si la gracia de Dios me hubiese asistido, se habría convertido en sincero agradecimiento. Mas esto terminó donde comenzó, en un mero ramalazo de felicidad, o, podría decir, una mera sensación de alegría por estar vivo, sin reflexionar en lo más mínimo acerca de la bondad de la mano que me había salvado y me había escogido cuando el resto había sido aniquilado; sin preguntarme por qué la Providencia había sido tan misericordiosa conmigo. Más bien, experimenté el mismo tipo de júbilo que sienten los marineros cuando llegan a salvo a la orilla después de un naufragio, júbilo que ahogan por completo en un jarro de ponche y olvidan apenas ha concluido; y todo el resto de mi vida transcurría así.

Incluso, después, cuando me hice consciente de mi situación, de cómo había llegado a este horrible lugar, lejos de cualquier contacto humano, sin esperanza de alivio ni perspectiva de redención, tan pronto como vi que tenía posibilidad de sobrevivir y que no me moriría de hambre, olvidé todas mis aflicciones y comencé a sentirme tranquilo, me dediqué a las tareas propias de mi supervivencia y abastecimiento y me hallé muy lejos de considerar mi condición como un juicio del cielo o como obra de la mano de Dios.

La germinación del maíz, a la que hice referencia en mi diario, al principio me afectó un poco y luego comenzó a afectarme seriamente por tanto tiempo, que creí ver algo milagroso en ello. Pero tan pronto como desapareció esa idea, se desvaneció la impresión que me había causado, como lo he señalado anteriormente.

Ocurrió lo mismo con el terremoto, aunque nada podía ser más terrible en la naturaleza ni revelar más claramente el poder invisible que gobierna sobre este tipo de cosas. Apenas pasó el temor inicial, también cesó la impresión que me había causado. No tenía más conciencia de Dios o de su juicio, ni de que mis desgracias fueran obra de su mano, que si hubiera estado en la situación más próspera del mundo.

Pero ahora que estaba enfermo y las miserias de la muerte desfilaban lentamente ante mis ojos, cuando mis fuerzas sucumbían bajo el peso de una fuerte debilidad y es taba extenuado por la fiebre, mi conciencia, durante tanto tiempo dormida, comenzó a despertar y yo empecé a reprocharme mi vida pasada, pues, evidentemente, mi perversidad había provocado que la justicia de Dios cayera tan violentamente sobre mí y me castigara tan vengativamente.

Estos pensamientos me atormentaron durante el segundo y el tercer día de mi enfermedad, y en el furor de la fiebre y las terribles recriminaciones de mi conciencia, musité unas palabras que parecían una plegaria a Dios, aunque no sé si el origen de la oración era la necesidad o la esperanza. Más bien era el llamado del miedo y la angustia pues mis pensamientos confusos, mis convicciones fuertes y el horror de morir en tan miserable situación me abrumaron la cabeza. En este desasosiego, no sé lo que pude haber dicho pero era una suerte de exclamación, algo así como: «¡Señor!, ¿qué clase de miserable criatura soy? Si me enfermo, moriré de seguro por falta de ayuda. ¡Señor!, ¿qué será de mí?» Entonces comencé a llorar y no pude decir más.

En este intervalo, recordé los buenos consejos de mi padre y su predicción, que mencioné al principio de esta historia: que si daba ese paso insensato, Dios me negaría su bendición y luego tendría tiempo para pensar en las consecuencias de haber desatendido sus consejos, cuando nadie pudiese ayudarme. «Ahora -decía en voz alta-, se han cumplido las palabras de mi querido padre: la justicia de Dios ha caído sobre mí y no tengo a nadie que pueda ayudarme o escucharme. Hice caso omiso a la voz de la Providencia, que tuvo la misericordia de ponerme en una situación en la vida en la que hubiera vivido feliz y tranquilamente; mas no fui capaz de verlo, ni de aprender de mis padres, la dicha que esto suponía. Los dejé lamentándose por mi insensatez y ahora era yo el que se lamentaba de las consecuencias; rechacé su apoyo y sus consejos, que me habrían ayudado a abrirme camino en el mundo y me habrían facilitado las cosas y ahora tenía que luchar contra una adversidad demasiado grande, hasta para la misma naturaleza, sin compañía, sin ayuda, sin consuelo y sin consejos.» Entonces grité: «Señor, ayúdame porque estoy desesperado.»

Esta fue la primera oración, si puede llamarse de ese modo, que había hecho en muchos años. Mas vuelvo a mi diario.

28 de junio. Un poco más aliviado por el sueño y ya sin fiebre, me levanté. Como el miedo y el terror de mis sueños había sido muy grande y pensaba que la fiebre volvería al día siguiente, tenía que buscarme algo que me refrescara y me fortaleciera cuando volviera a sentirme enfermo. Lo primero que hice fue llenar una gran botella cuadrada de agua y colocarla encima de mi mesa, junto a la cama y, para templarla, le eché como la cuarta parte de una pinta de ron y lo mezclé bien. Entonces asé un trozo de carne de cabra sobre los carbones pero apenas comí. Caminé un poco pero me sentía muy débil, triste y acongojado por mi desgraciada condición y temía que el malestar volviese al día siguiente. Por la noche me hice la cena con tres huevos de tortuga que asé en las ascuas y me los comí, como quien dice, en el cascarón. Esta fue la primera vez en mi vida, según recuerdo, que le pedí a Dios la bendición por mis alimentos.

Después de comer, traté de caminar pero estaba tan débil que apenas podía cargar la escopeta (porque nunca salía sin ella) así que solo anduve un poco y me senté en la tierra, mirando hacia el mar que tenía delante de mí y que estaba tranquilo y en calma. Mientras estaba allí, pensé en cosas como éstas:

¿Qué son esta tierra y este mar que tanto he contemplado? ¿De dónde vienen? ¿Y qué soy yo y todas las demás criaturas, salvajes y domésticas, humanas y bestiales? ¿Dónde estamos?

De seguro todos hemos sido creados por una fuerza secreta, que también hizo la tierra, el mar, el aire y el cielo; ¿quién es? Luego inferí, naturalmente, que era Dios quien lo había hecho todo. Pues bien, pensé, si Dios ha hecho todas estas cosas, es Él quien las guía y quien gobierna sobre ellas y so bre todo lo que les sucede; ya que la fuerza que pudo crear todas las cosas ha de tener, ciertamente, el poder de guiarlas y dirigirlas.

Si esto es así, nada puede ocurrir en el gran circuito de su obra sin su conocimiento o consentimiento. Y si nada puede ocurrir sin que Él lo sepa, entonces Él ha de saber que estoy aquí y que me hallo en esta terrible situación; y si nada ocurre sin que Él lo ordene, entonces Él debe haber ordenado que esto me ocurriera.

No imaginé nada que contradijera estas conclusiones y, por lo tanto, tuve la certeza de que Dios había mandado que me pasara todo esto y que había caído en este miserable estado por orden suya, ya que Él tenía todo el poder, no solo sobre mí sino sobre todo lo que sucedía en el mundo. Entonces pensé: Por qué Dios me ha hecho esto? ¿Qué he hecho para ser tratado de esta forma?

Mi conciencia me refrenó ante esta pregunta como si fuese una blasfemia y me pareció que me hablaba de la siguiente manera: «¡Infeliz!, ¿preguntas qué has hecho? Mira hacia atrás, hacia el terrible despilfarro que has hecho con tu vida y pregúntate qué no has hecho; pregúntate ¿por qué no has sido destruido mucho antes? ¿Por qué no te ahogaste en las radas de Yarmouth? ¿Por qué no te mataron en la pelea cuando el barco fue capturado por el corsario de Salé? ¿Por qué no fuiste devorado por las bestias salvajes en la costa de África? ¿Por qué no te ahogaste aquí cuando toda la tripulación pereció, excepto tú? ¿Y aún preguntas ?¿qué he hecho??.»

Estas reflexiones me dejaron estupefacto, como atónito, y no sabía qué decir para responderme. Me levanté pensativo y triste y regresé a mi refugio y subí por mi muralla, como si fuera a irme a la cama pero mi espíritu estaba tristemente perturbado y no tenía sueño, así que me senté en mi silla y encendí mi lámpara, porque empezaba a oscurecer. Como temía que volviera el malestar, se me ocurrió que los brasileños no toman otra medicina que su tabaco para casi todas sus dolencias y que, en uno de mis arcones, tenía un trozo de un rollo de tabaco que estaba bastante curado y otro poco que aún estaba verde y menos curado.

Fui como guiado por el cielo, porque en ese arcón encontré la cura para mi alma y mi cuerpo. Abrí el arcón y encontré lo que estaba buscando, es decir, el tabaco y, como los libros que había rescatado estaban también allí, saqué una de las Biblias, que mencioné anteriormente y que, hasta entonces, no había tenido ni el tiempo ni la inclinación de mirar y la llevé a la mesa junto con el tabaco.

No sabía qué hacer con el tabaco para curarme ni si servía o no para ello pero hice varios experimentos con él, convencido de que funcionaría de un modo u otro. Primero me metí un pedazo de una hoja en la boca y la mastiqué, lo cual me provocó una especie de aturdimiento pues el tabaco estaba verde y fuerte y no estaba habituado a utilizarlo. Luego tomé otro poco y lo maceré en un poco de ron durante una o dos horas para tomarme una dosis cuando me acostara. Por último, quemé un poco en un brasero e inhalé el humo tanto tiempo como este y el calor me lo permitieron, hasta que me sentí sofocado.

Mientras realizaba estas operaciones, tomé la Biblia y comencé a leer pero el tabaco me tenía tan mareado que no pude proseguir, al menos por esta vez. Había abierto el libro al azar y las primeras palabras que hallé fueron estas: Invócame en el día de tu aflicción y yo te salvaré y tú me glorificarás.

Estas palabras me parecieron muy adecuadas para mi caso y me causaron cierta impresión cuando las leí, mas no tanto como lo hicieron posteriormente, porque la palabra salvado no me decía nada; me parecía algo tan remoto, tan imposible según mi forma de ver las cosas que comencé a decir, como los hijos de Israel cuando les ofrecieron carne para comer: ¿Puede Dios servir una mesa en el desierto?. Y así comencé a decir: «¿Puede Dios sacarme de este lugar?» Y como no habría de tener ninguna esperanza en muchos años, varias veces me hice esta pregunta. No obstante, estas palabras causaron una gran impresión en mí y las medité con frecuencia.

Se hacía tarde y el tabaco, como he dicho, me había aturdido tanto que sentí deseos de dormir, de modo que dejé mi lámpara encendida en la cueva, por si necesitaba algo durante la noche, y me metí en la cama. Pero, antes de acostarme, hice algo que no había hecho en toda mi vida: me arrodillé y le rogué a Dios que cumpliera su promesa y me salvara si yo acudía a él en el día de mi aflicción. Una vez concluida mi torpe e imperfecta plegaria, bebí el ron en el que había macerado el tabaco, que estaba tan fuerte y tan cargado, que casi no podía tragarlo y acto seguido, me metí en la cama. Sentí que se me subía a la cabeza violentamente pero me quedé profundamente dormido y me desperté, a juzgar por el sol, a eso de las tres de la tarde del día siguiente. Sin embargo, aún creo que dormí todo ese día y toda esa noche, hasta casi las tres de la tarde del otro día pues, de lo contrario, no entiendo cómo pude perder un día en el cómputo de los días de la semana, cosa que comprendí unos años más tarde; pues si había cometido el error de trazar la misma línea dos veces, entonces debí perder más de un día. Lo cierto es que, según mis cálculos, perdí un día y nunca supe cómo.

En cualquier caso, al despertar me encontré mucho mejor y con el ánimo dispuesto y alegre. Al levantarme, me sentía más fuerte que el día anterior y tenía mejor el estómago pues estaba hambriento; en pocas palabras, no tuve fiebre al día siguiente y fui mejorando paulatinamente. Esto ocurrió el día 29.

El 30 fue un buen día y salí con la escopeta aunque no me alejé demasiado. Maté un par de aves marinas, que parecían gansos, y las traje a casa pero no tenía muchas ganas de comerlas así que solo comí unos cuantos huevos de tortuga, que estaban muy buenos. Esa noche, renové el tratamiento al que le atribuí mi mejoría del día anterior, es decir, el tabaco macerado en ron, solo que no tomé tanta cantidad como la primera vez, ni mastiqué ninguna hoja, ni inhalé el humo. No obstante, al día siguiente, que era el primero de julio, no me sentí tan bien como esperaba y tuve algunos amagos de escalofríos, aunque no demasiado graves.

2 de julio. Repetí el tratamiento de las tres formas y me las administré como la primera vez. Tomé el doble del brebaje.

3. La fiebre pasó definitivamente aunque no recuperé todas mis fuerzas en varias semanas. Mientras reunía energías, pensé mucho en la frase te salvaré y la imposibilidad de mi salvación me impedía cultivar esperanza alguna. Pero, mientras me desanimaba con estos pensamientos, se me ocurrió que pensaba tanto en la liberación de mi mayor aflicción que no estaba viendo el favor que había recibido y comencé a hacerme las siguientes preguntas: ¿No he sido liberado, además, milagrosamente, de la enfermedad y de la situación más desesperada que puede haber y que tanto me asustaba? ¿Me he dado cuenta de esto? ¿He pagado mi parte? Dios me ha salvado pero yo no lo he glorificado, es decir, no me siento en deuda ni agradecido por esta salvación. ¿Cómo puedo esperar una salvación mayor?

Esto me conmovió el corazón e inmediatamente me arrodillé y le di gracias a Dios en voz alta por haberme salvado de la enfermedad.

4 de julio. Por la mañana cogí la Biblia y, comenzando por el Nuevo Testamento, me apliqué seriamente a su lectu¬ra. Me impuse leerla un rato todas las mañanas y todas las noches, sin obligarme a cubrir un número de capítulos es¬pecífico sino obedeciendo al interés que me despertara la lectura.

Al poco tiempo de observar esta práctica, sentí que mi corazón estaba más profunda y sinceramente contrito por la perversidad de mi vida pasada. Reviví la impresión que me había causado el sueño y las palabras ninguna de estas cosas ha suscitado tu arrepentimiento resonaban fuertemente en mis pensamientos. Estaba rogándole fervo¬rosamente a Dios que me concediera el arrepentimiento cuando, providencialmente, ese mismo día, mientras leía las escrituras me topé con las siguientes palabras: Él es exaltado como Príncipe y Salvador para dar el arrepenti¬miento y el perdón45. Solté el libro y elevando mi corazón y mis manos, en una especie de éxtasis, exclamando: «¡Jesús, hijo de David, Jesús, tú que eres glorificado como Príncipe y Salvador, concédeme el arrepentimiento y el perdón!»

Podría decir que era la primera vez en mi vida que rezaba en el verdadero sentido de la palabra, pues lo hacía con plena conciencia de mi situación y con una esperanza, como la que se describe en las escrituras, fundada en el aliento de la palabra de Dios. Desde este momento, puedo decir que comencé a confiar en que Dios me escucharía.

Ahora empezaba a comprender las palabras mencionadas anteriormente, Invócame y te liberaré, en un sentido diferente al que lo había hecho antes, porque entonces no tenía la menor idea de nada que pudiese llamarse salvación, si no era de la condición de cautiverio en la que me encontraba; pues, si bien estaba libre en este lugar, la isla era una verdadera prisión para mí, en el peor sentido. Mas ahora había aprendido a ver las cosas de otro modo. Ahora miraba hacia mi pasado con tanto horror y mis pecados me parecían tan terribles, que mi alma no le pedía a Dios otra cosa que no fuera la liberación del peso de la culpa que me quitaba el sosiego. En cuanto a mi vida solitaria, ya no me parecía nada; ya no rogaba a Dios que me liberara de ella, ni siquiera pensaba en ello, pues no era tan importante como esto. Y añado lo siguiente para sugerir a quien lo lea que cuando se llega a entender el verdadero sentido de las cosas, el perdón por los pecados es una bendición mayor que la liberación de las aflicciones.

Pero dejo esto y regreso a mi diario.

Ahora mi vida, si bien no menos miserable que antes, comenzaba a ser más llevadera y puesto que mis pensamientos estaban orientados, por la oración y la constante lectura de las escrituras, hacia cosas más elevadas, tenía una gran paz interior que no había conocido. Además, a medida que iba recuperando la salud y las fuerzas, me propuse procurarme todo lo que necesitaba y darle a mi vida la mayor regularidad posible.

Desde el 4 al 14 de julio, me dediqué, principalmente, a caminar con mi escopeta en mano, poco a poco, como un hombre que está juntando fuerzas después de la enferme dad, pues es difícil imaginar lo débil que me encontraba. El tratamiento que había utilizado era totalmente nuevo y, tal vez nunca haya servido para curar a nadie de la calentura, ni puedo recomendarlo para que sea puesto en práctica, pero, aunque sirvió para quitarme la fiebre, también me debilitó, pues durante un tiempo seguí padeciendo de frecuentes convulsiones en los nervios y las extremidades.

También aprendí que salir durante la estación de lluvias era de lo más pernicioso para mi salud, en especial, cuando las lluvias venían acompañadas de tempestades y huracanes. Como las lluvias de la estación seca siempre venían acompañadas de esas tormentas, eran más peligrosas que las que caían en septiembre y octubre. 

7

Hacía más de diez meses que habitaba en esta desdichada isla y parecía que cualquier posibilidad de salvación de esta condición me hubiera sido totalmente negada. Además, estaba convencido de que ningún ser humano había puesto un pie en este lugar. Ya me había asegurado perfectamente la habitación y ahora tenía grandes deseos de explorar la isla más a fondo para ver qué cosas podía encontrar que aún no conocía.

El 15 de julio comencé la inspección minuciosa de la isla. Primero me dirigí hacia el río al que, como he dicho, llegué con mis balsas. Descubrí, después de andar río arriba casi dos millas, que la corriente no aumentaba y que no se trataba más que de una pequeña quebrada, muy fresca y muy buena; mas, por estar en la estación seca, apenas tenía agua en algunas partes, al menos, no la suficiente como para que se formara una corriente perceptible.

A orillas de esta quebrada encontré muchas sabanas o praderas placenteras, llanas, lisas y cubiertas de hierba. En la parte más elevada, próxima a las tierras altas, que el agua, al parecer, nunca inundaba, encontré gran cantidad de tabaco verde que crecía en tallos fuertes y robustos. Había muchas otras plantas que no conocía y que, tal vez, tenían propiedades que no era capaz de descubrir.

Busqué raíz de yuca, con la que los indios de esta región hacen su pan, pero no encontré ninguna. Vi enormes plantas de áloe pero no sabía lo que eran y varias cañas de azúcar que crecían silvestres e imperfectas a falta de cultivo. Me contenté con estos descubrimientos por esta vez y regresé pensando cómo hacer para conocer las virtudes y bondades de los frutos o plantas que fuera descubriendo pero no llegué a ninguna conclusión, pues, fue tan poco lo que observé cuando estaba en Brasil, que era escaso lo que sabía de las plantas silvestres, al menos muy poco que me sirviera en este momento.

Al día siguiente, el 16, subí por el mismo camino y, después de haber avanzado un poco más que el día anterior, descubrí que el río y la pradera terminaban y comenzaba un bosque. Aquí encontré diferentes frutas, en especial una gran cantidad de melones en el suelo y de uvas en los árboles. Las viñas se habían extendido sobre los árboles y los racimos de uvas estaban en su punto de maduración y sabor. Este sorprendente descubrimiento me llenó de alegría pero la experiencia me advirtió que las comiera con moderación pues, según recordaba, cuando estuve en Berbería, muchos de los ingleses que estaban allí como esclavos, murieron a causa de las uvas, que les provocaron fiebre y disentería. No obstante, descubrí que si las curaba y secaba al sol y las conservaba como se suelen conservar las uvas secas o pasas, serían, como en efecto ocurrió, un alimento agradable y sano cuando no hubiera uvas.

Pasé allí toda la tarde y no regresé a mi habitación. Esta fue, dicho sea de paso, la primera noche que pasé fuera de casa. Al anochecer tomé mi antigua precaución y me subí a un árbol donde dormí bien y, a la mañana siguiente, prosegui mi exploración. Caminé casi cuatro millas hacia el norte, según pude juzgar por la longitud del valle, con una cadena de montañas por el sur y otra por el norte.

Al final de esta caminata, llegué a un claro donde el terreno parecía descender hacia el oeste y donde había un pequeño manantial de agua dulce que brotaba de la ladera de una colina cercana hacia el este. La tierra parecía tan fresca, verde y floreciente y todo tenía un aspecto tan primaveral que semejaba un jardín cultivado.

Descendí un trecho por el costado de ese delicioso valle, observándolo con una especie de secreto placer, aunque mezclado con otras reflexiones dolorosas, al pensar que todo aquello era mío, que era el rey y señor irrevocable de todo este lugar, sobre el que tenía pleno derecho de posesión; y que si hubiera podido transmitirlo, sería un bien hereditario tan sólido como el de cualquier señor de Inglaterra. Vi muchos árboles de cacao, naranjos, limoneros y cidros, todos silvestres y con poca o ninguna fruta, al menos en ese momento. Sin embargo, recogí unas limas que, no sólo estaban sabrosas sino que eran muy saludables. Más tarde mezclé su zumo con agua y obtuve una bebida muy sana y refrescante.

Me di cuenta de que tenía mucho que transportar a casa, así que decidí separar una provisión de uvas, limas y limones para disponer de ellos durante la estación húmeda, que como sabía, se aproximaba.

Con este propósito, hice un gran montón de uvas en un sitio y luego uno más pequeño en otro y, finalmente, uno mayor de limas y limones en otra parte. Entonces cogí un poco de cada montón y me encaminé a casa con la resolución de volver de nuevo pero con una bolsa, saco o algo similar para llevarme el resto.

Al cabo de tres días de viaje regresé a casa, que así debo llamar a mi tienda y a mi cueva. Pero antes de llegar, las uvas se habían echado a perder, pues, como estaban tan maduras y jugosas, se magullaron por su propio peso y no servían para nada. Las limas estaban en buen estado pero solo pude transportar unas pocas.

Al día siguiente, el 19, regresé con dos sacos pequeños que me había hecho para traer a casa mi cosecha pero al llegar al montón de uvas, que estaban tan apetitosas y maduras cuando las recogí, me quedé sorprendido de encontrarlas desparramadas, deshechas y tiradas por aquí y por allá, muchas de ellas mordidas o devoradas. Deduje que algún animal salvaje había hecho esto pero no sabía cuál.

Sin embargo, cuando descubrí que no podía amontonarlas ni llevarlas en un saco porque de una forma se destruirían y de la otra se aplastarían por su propio peso, tomé otra decisión: colgué de las ramas de los árboles una gran cantidad de racimos de uvas para que se curaran y secaran al sol y me llevé tantas limas y limones como pude.

Cuando regresé a casa de este viaje, pensé con gran placer en la fecundidad de aquel valle y su placentera situación, protegido de las tormentas, cercano al río y al bosque y llegué a la conclusión de que había establecido mi morada en la peor parte de la isla. En consecuencia, empecé a considerar la idea de mudar mi habitación y buscar un lugar, tan seguro como el que tenía, situado, preferiblemente, en aquella parte fértil y placentera de la isla.

Esta idea me rondó la cabeza por mucho tiempo pues sentía una gran atracción por ese lugar, cuyo encanto me tentaba. Pero cuando lo pensé más detenidamente, me di cuenta de que ahora estaba cerca del mar, donde al menos había una posibilidad de que me ocurriera algo favorable y que el mismo destino cruel que me había llevado hasta aquí, trajera a otros náufragos desgraciados. Aunque era poco probable que algo así ocurriera, recluirme entre las montañas o en los bosques del centro de la isla, era asegurarme el cautiverio y hacer que un hecho poco probable se volviera imposible. Por lo tanto, decidí que no me mudaría bajo ningún concepto.

No obstante, estaba tan enamorado de ese lugar que pasé allí gran parte del resto del mes de julio y, a pesar de haber decidido que no me mudaría, me construí una especie de emparrado que rodeé, a cierta distancia, con una fuerte verja de dos filas de estacas, tan altas como me fue posible, bien enterradas y rellenas de maleza. Allí dormía seguro dos o tres noches seguidas, pasando por encima de la valla con una escalera, como antes, y ahora me figuraba que tenía una casa en el campo y otra en la costa. En estas labores estuve hasta principios del mes de agosto.

Acababa de terminar mi valla y comenzaba a disfrutar de la labor realizada, cuando vinieron las lluvias y me forzaron a quedarme en mi primera vivienda, pues aunque me había hecho una tienda como la otra, con un pedazo de vela bien extendido, no tenía la protección de la montaña en caso de tormenta, ni una cueva, donde podía refugiarme si llovía excesivamente.

A principios de agosto, como he mencionado, había terminado mi emparrado y comenzaba a sentirme a gusto. El tercer día de agosto, vi que las uvas que había colgado estaban perfectamente secas y, de hecho, eran excelentes pasas, así que empecé a descolgarlas. Esto fue una verdadera fortuna pues las lluvias que cayeron las habrían estropeado y, de ese modo, habría perdido lo mejor de mi alimento invernal, ya que tenía más de doscientos racimos. Apenas las hube descolgado y transportado a casa, comenzó a llover y desde ese día, que era el 14 de agosto, hasta mediados de octubre, llovió casi todos los días, a veces, con tanta fuerza que no podía salir de mi cueva durante varios días.

En este tiempo tuve la sorpresa de ver aumentada mi familia. Estaba preocupado por la desaparición de una de mis gatas que, supuse, se había escapado o había muerto, pues no volví a saber de ella, cuando, para mi asombro, regresó a casa a finales de agosto con tres gatitos. Esto me pareció muy extraño pues, aunque había matado un gato salvaje con mi escopeta, creía que eran de una especie muy distinta a nuestros gatos europeos. Sin embargo, los gatitos eran iguales a los gatos domésticos, mas como los dos que yo tenía eran hembras, todo el asunto me pareció muy raro. Más tarde, de estos tres gatos salió una auténtica plaga de gatos, por lo que me vi forzado a matarlos como si fueran sabandijas o alimañas y a llevarlos tan lejos de casa como me fuera posible.

Desde el 14 de agosto hasta el 26 llovió incesantemente, de modo que no pude salir pero, esta vez, me cuidé muy bien de la humedad. Durante este encierro, mis víveres comenzaron a mermar por lo que tuve que salir dos veces. La primera vez, maté una cabra y la segunda, que fue el 26, encontré una gran tortuga, lo cual fue una auténtica fiesta. De este modo regularicé mis comidas: comía un racimo de uvas en el desayuno, un trozo de carne de cabra o tortuga asada en el almuerzo, pues, para mi desgracia no tenía vasijas para hervirla o guisarla, y dos o tres huevos de tortuga para la cena.

Durante esta reclusión a causa de la lluvia, trabajaba dos o tres horas diarias en la ampliación de mi cueva. Gradualmente, la fui profundizando en una dirección has ta llegar al exterior, donde hice una puerta por la que pudiera entrar y salir. Sin embargo, no me sentía cómodo estando tan al descubierto ya que antes estaba perfectamente encerrado, mientras que ahora me hallaba expuesto a cualquier ataque; aunque, en realidad, no había visto ninguna criatura viviente que pudiese atemorizarme puesto que los animales más grandes que había en la isla eran las cabras.

30 de septiembre. Este día se celebraba el desgraciado aniversario de mi llegada. Conté las marcas de mi poste y constaté que llevaba trescientos sesenta y cinco días en la isla. Guardé una solemne abstinencia todo el día, que dediqué a hacer ejercicios religiosos. Me postré humildemente y confesé a Dios todos mis pecados, reconociendo su justicia y rogándole que tuviera misericordia de mí en el nombre de Jesucristo. No probé ningún alimento durante doce horas, hasta que se puso el sol. Entonces comí una galleta y un racimo de uvas y me acosté, terminando el día como lo había comenzado.

Hasta ese momento no había celebrado los domingos ya que, al principio, carecía de sentimientos religiosos. Al cabo de un tiempo, había dejado de hacer una marca más larga los domingos para diferenciar las semanas, de manera que no sabía en qué día vivía. Pero ahora, después de haber contado los días, como he dicho, y de haber comprobado que había pasado un año, lo dividí en semanas, señalando cada siete días el domingo. Al final, me di cuenta de que había perdido uno o dos días en mis cómputos.

Poco tiempo después, mi tinta comenzó a escasear, así que me limité a usarla con mucho cuidado y no escribía sino los acontecimientos más importantes de mi vida, abandonando el recuento diario de otras menudencias.

Comencé a observar los cambios de estación y aprendí a prever el paso de la estación seca a la húmeda, a fin de abastecerme adecuadamente. Mas tuve que pagar muy cara mi experiencia pues lo que voy a relatar, fue uno de los acontecimientos más desalentadores que me ocurrieron en toda la vida. Anteriormente, he dicho que guardé algunas de las espigas de cebada y de arroz, que tan milagrosamente habían brotado. Tenía como treinta espigas de arroz y veinte de cebada y pensé que, pasadas las lluvias, era el mejor momento para sembrarlas pues el sol estaba más hacia el sur respecto de mí.

Preparé un trozo de tierra lo mejor que pude con mi pala de madera, lo dividí en dos partes y sembré las semillas pero, mientras lo hacía, se me ocurrió que no debía sembrarlas to das la primera vez ya que no sabía cuál era el mejor momento para hacerlo. De este modo, sembré dos terceras partes de las semillas y guardé un puñado de cada una.

Más tarde, me alegré de haberlo hecho así pues ni uno solo de los granos que sembré produjo nada, puesto que se aproximaba la estación seca, y no volvió a llover después de la siembra. Por tanto la tierra no tenía humedad para que las semillas germinaran y, no lo hicieron hasta que volvieron las lluvias; entonces germinaron como si estuviesen recién sembradas.

Cuando me di cuenta de que las semillas no germinaban, pude intuir fácilmente que era a causa de la sequía, de modo que busqué un terreno más húmedo para hacer otro experimento. Aré un trozo de tierra cerca de mi emparrado y sembré el resto de las semillas en febrero, un poco antes del equinoccio de primavera. Las lluvias de marzo y abril las hicieron brotar perfectamente y dieron una buena cosecha, mas, como no me atreví a sembrar toda la que había guardado, tan solo obtuve una pequeña cosecha, que no ascendía a más de un celemín de cada grano. Este experimento me hizo experto en la materia y ahora sabía, exactamente, cuál era la estación propicia para sembrar y, además, que podía sembrar y cosechar dos veces al año.

Mientras crecía el grano hice un pequeño descubrimiento que luego me rindió gran provecho. Tan pronto como cesaron las lluvias y el tiempo mejoró, lo cual ocurrió hacia el mes de noviembre, fui a mi emparrado del campo, al cual no iba desde hacía varios meses, y encontré todo tal y como lo había dejado. El cerco o doble empalizada que había construido estaba completo y fuerte y de algunos troncos habían brotado ramas largas, como las de un sauce llorón, al año siguiente de la poda, pero no sabía de qué árbol había cortado las estacas. Sorprendido y complacido de ver aquellos retoños, los podé para que crecieran tan uniformemente como fuese posible y resulta casi increíble que en tres años crecieran tan maravillosamente, de forma que, si la empalizada formaba un círculo de casi veinticinco yardas de diámetro, los árboles -que así podía llamarlos- la cubrieron completamente, dando suficiente sombra como para refugiarme durante toda la estación seca.

Decidí entonces cortar otras estacas para hacer una empalizada como esta alrededor de mi muro, me refiero al de mi primera vivienda, y así lo hice. Coloqué los árboles o troncos en doble fila, a unas ocho yardas de mi primer muro y crecieron en poco tiempo, formando, al principio, un buen techado para mi morada y, luego, una buena defensa, como se verá en su momento. Entonces observé que las estaciones del año se podían dividir, no en invierno y verano como en Europa, sino en estaciones secas y estaciones de lluvia de la siguiente manera:

Mediados de febrero, marzo, mediados de abrol: Estación de lluvia, con el sol muy cerca del equinoccio.

Mediados de abril, mayo, junio, julio, mediados de agosto: Estación seca, con el sol hacia el norte del ecuador.

Mediados de agosto, septiembre, mediados de octubre: Estación de lluvia, con el sol regresando al equinoccio.

Mediados de octubre, noviembre, diciembre, enero, mediados de febrero: Estación seca, con el sol hacia el sur del ecuador.

La estación de lluvia era algunas veces más larga y otras más corta, según soplara el viento, pero esta era la observación general que había hecho. Después de haber experimentado las consecuencias nefastas de salir bajo la lluvia, me cuidé de abastecerme con antelación de provisiones, para no verme obligado a salir y poder permanecer en el interior tanto como fuese posible durante los meses de lluvia.

Esta vez encontré una ocupación (muy adecuada para la estación) pues me faltaban muchas cosas que solo podía hacer con esfuerzo y dedicación constantes. En particular, traté muchas veces de hacer un cesto pero todos los tallos que encontraba para este propósito eran demasiado quebradizos y no pude lograrlo. Por suerte, cuando era niño, solía deleitarme observando a los cesteros del pueblo de mi padre mientras tejían sus artículos de mimbre. Como es común entre los niños, observaba con mucha atención el modo en que realizaban estos objetos y estaba siempre dispuesto a ayudar. Algunas veces les echaba una mano y así aprendí perfectamente el método de esta labor, para la cual tan solo necesitaba materiales. Pensé entonces que los vástagos de aquel árbol del que había cortado las estacas que retoñaron podrían ser tan resistentes como el cetrino, el mimbre o el sauce de Inglaterra y decidí probarlo.

Al día siguiente, fui a mi casa de campo, como solía llamarla, y cuando corté unas ramas, me parecieron tan adecuadas para mis fines como podía desear. Entonces, regresé otra vez, equipado con una azuela para cortar una mayor cantidad de ellas, lo cual resultó muy fácil dada la abundancia de estos árboles. Luego las dejé secar dentro de mi cerco o empalizada y cuando estuvieron listas para utilizarse, las llevé a la cueva donde, en la siguiente estación de lluvias, me dediqué a hacer muchos cestos para llevar tierra o transportar o colocar cosas, según fuera necesario; y aunque no estaban elegantemente rematadas, servían perfectamente para mis propósitos. Desde entones, tuve cuidado de que nunca me faltaran y cuando algunas comenzaban a estropearse, hacía otras nuevas. En especial, hice canastas fuertes y profundas con el fin de utilizarlas, en lugar de sacos, para guardar el grano, si es que llegaba a cosechar una buena cantidad.

Habiendo superado esta dificultad, lo cual me tomó mucho tiempo, me dediqué a estudiar la posibilidad de satisfacer dos necesidades. No tenía recipientes para poner líquido, con la excepción de dos barriles que contenían ron y algunas botellas para agua, licores y otras bebidas. No tenía siquiera un cacharro para hervir nada, salvo una especie de puchero que había rescatado del barco y que era demasiado grande para el uso que quería darle, es decir, hacer caldo y cocer algún trozo de carne. Lo otro que necesitaba era una pipa para fumar pero era imposible hacer una, aunque, sin embargo, también encontré una forma. 

8

Llevaba todo el verano o estación de sequía plantando la segunda fila de estacas y tejiendo canastas cuando surgió otro asunto que me ocupó más tiempo del que jamás hubiera imaginado.

Ya he dicho que tenía pensado recorrer toda la isla y que había pasado el río y llegado hasta el lugar en el que tenía construido mi emparrado, desde donde podía ver el mar al otro lado de la isla. Ahora quería llegar hasta la orilla de aquel lado, de manera que cogí mi escopeta, un hacha, mi perro, una cantidad de pólvora y municiones mayor que la habitual, dos galletas y un gran puñado de pasas que metí en un saco y emprendí el viaje. Cuando crucé el valle donde estaba el emparrado, divisé el mar hacia el oeste y como el día estaba muy claro, pude ver una franja de tierra, que no podía decir con certeza si era una isla o un continente. La tierra, que estaba bastante elevada, se extendía un largo trecho del sudoeste hacia el oeste y, según mis cálculos, estaba a no menos de quince o veinte leguas de distancia.

No sabía qué parte del mundo era aquella, tan solo que debía ser parte de América y, en base a todas mis observaciones, debía estar cerca de los dominios españoles. Tal vez estaba habitada por salvajes y si hubiese naufragado allí, me habría encontrado en peor situación que en la que estaba. Me resigné, pues, a los deseos de la Providencia, en cuya beneficiosa intervención ahora creía. Esto calmó mi espíritu y dejé de afligirme por el vano deseo de estar allí.

Además, después de reflexionar sobre el asunto, concluí que si esta tierra estaba en la costa española, con certeza, tarde o temprano, vería un buque pasar en cualquier dirección. Si esto no ocurría, entonces me hallaba en la costa salvaje entre las tierras españolas y el Brasil, donde habitan los peores salvajes, caníbales y antropófagos, que asesinan y devoran cualquier cuerpo humano que caiga en sus manos.

Con estos pensamientos seguí caminando tranquilamente y descubrí el otro lado de la isla donde me encontraba más a gusto que en el mío. La sabana o campiña era dulce y estaba adornada con flores, hierba y hermosas arboledas.

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Me lo estaba pasando muy bien en este viaje. En las tierras bajas encontré liebres, o al menos eso me parecieron, y zorras, que no se parecían a ninguna de las que había conocido hasta entonces, ni me parecían comestibles, aunque maté algunas. No tenía por qué arriesgarme pues tenía suficiente comida y muy buena, a saber: cabras, palomas y tortugas. Si a esto le sumaba mis pasas, podía asegurar que ni en el mercado Leadenhall se hubiese podido servir una mesa más rica que la mía; y aunque mi estado era lamentable, tenía motivos para estar agradecido por no faltarme los alimentos, pues más bien los tenía en abundancia y hasta algunas exquisiteces.

Nunca avanzaba más de dos millas en este viaje pero daba tantas vueltas en busca de hallazgos que llegaba agotado al sitio donde decidía pasar la noche. Entonces, subía a un árbol o me tendía en el suelo rodeado por un cerco de estacas, de manera que ninguna criatura salvaje pudiese acercarse a mí sin despertarme.

Tan pronto llegué a la orilla del mar, me sorprendió ver que me había instalado en la peor parte de la isla porque aquí la playa estaba llena de tortugas mientras que, en el otro lado, solo había encontrado tres en un año y medio. También había gran cantidad de aves de varios tipos, algunas de las cuales había visto y otras no, pero ignoraba sus nombres, excepto el de aquellas que llamaban pingüinos.

Hubiera podido cazar tantas como quisiera pero ahorraba mucho la pólvora y las municiones. Había pensado matar una cabra para alimentarme mejor pero, aunque aquí había más cabras que al otro lado de la isla, resultaba más difícil acercarse a ellas porque el terreno era llano y podían verme con más rapidez que en la colina.

Debo confesar que este lado de la isla era mucho más agradable que el mío pero no tenía ninguna intención de mudarme pues ya estaba instalado en mi morada y me había acostumbrado tanto a ella que durante todo el tiempo que pasé aquí, tenía la impresión de estar de viaje, lejos de casa. Sin embargo, caminé unas doce millas a lo largo de la orilla hacia el este y, clavando un gran poste, a modo de indicador, decidí regresar a casa. En la próxima expedición, me dirigiría hacia el otro lado de la isla, hacia el este de mi casa, hasta llegar al poste.

Al regreso, tomé un camino distinto al que había hecho, creyendo que podría abarcar fácilmente gran parte de la isla con la vista y, así, encontrar mi vivienda pero me equivoqué. Al cabo de unas dos o tres millas, me hallé en un gran valle rodeado de tantas colinas que, a su vez, estaban tan cubiertas de árboles, que no podía saber hacia dónde me dirigía si no era por el sol, y ni siquiera esto, si no sabía con exactitud su posición en ese momento del día.

Para colmo de males, durante tres o cuatro días, el valle se cubrió de una neblina que me impedía ver el sol, por lo que anduve desorientado e incómodo hasta que, finalmente, me vi obligado a regresar a la playa, buscar el poste y regresar por el mismo camino que había venido. Así, en jornadas fáciles, regresé a casa, agobiado por el excesivo calor y por el peso de la escopeta, las municiones, el hacha y las demás cosas que llevaba.

En este viaje, mi perro sorprendió a un cabrito y lo apresó. Yo tuve que correr en su auxilio para salvarlo del perro y pensé llevármelo a casa pues, a menudo, había teni do la idea de si sería posible atrapar uno o dos para criar un rebaño de cabras domésticas de las que abastecerme cuando se me hubieran acabado la pólvora y las municiones.

Le hice un collar al pequeño animal y con un cordón que había hecho y que siempre llevaba conmigo, lo conduje, no sin alguna dificultad, hasta mi emparrado, donde lo encerré y lo dejé pues estaba impaciente por llegar a casa después de un mes de viaje.

No puedo expresar la satisfacción que me produjo regresar a mi vieja madriguera y tumbarme en mi hamaca. Este corto viaje, sin un sitio estable donde descansar, me había resultado tan desagradable, que mi propia casa, como solía llamarla, me parecía un asentamiento perfecto, donde todo estaba tan cómodamente dispuesto, que decidí no volver a alejarme por tanto tiempo de ella mientras permaneciera en la isla.

Pasé una semana entera descansando y agasajándome después de mi largo viaje, durante el cual dediqué mucho tiempo a la difícil tarea de hacerle una jaula a mi Poll, que comenzaba a domesticarse y a sentirse a gusto conmigo. Entonces pensé en el pobre cabrito que había dejado encerrado en el emparrado y decidí ir a buscarlo para traerlo a casa o darle algún alimento. Fui y lo encontré donde lo había dejado pues no tenía por donde salir pero estaba muerto de hambre. Corté tantas hojas y ramas como pude encontrar y se las di. Después de alimentarlo, lo até como lo había hecho antes pero esta vez estaba tan manso por el hambre, que casi no tenía que haberlo hecho, pues me seguía como un perro. Según iba alimentándolo, el animal se volvió tan cariñoso, amable y tierno que se convirtió en una de mis mascotas y ya nunca me abandonó.

Había llegado la estación lluviosa del equinoccio de otoño. Guardé el 30 de septiembre con la misma solemnidad que el año anterior, pues era el segundo aniversario de mi llegada a la isla y no tenía más perspectivas de ser rescatado que el primer día. Dediqué todo el día a dar gracias humildemente por los muchos bienes que me habían sido prodigados, sin los cuales, esta vida solitaria habría sido mucho más miserable. Le di gracias a Dios con humildad y fervor por haberme permitido descubrir que, tal vez, podía sentirme más feliz en esta situación solitaria que gozando de la libertad en la sociedad y rodeado de mundanales placeres. Le agradecí que hubiese compensado las deficiencias de mi soledad y mi necesidad de compañía humana con su presencia y la comunicación de su gracia que me asistía, me reconfortaba y me alentaba a confiar en su providencia aquí en la tierra y aguardar por su eterna presencia después de la muerte.

Ahora empezaba a darme cuenta de cuánto más feliz era esta vida, con todas sus miserias, que la existencia sórdida, maldita y abominable que había llevado en el pasado. Habían cambiado mis penas y mis alegrías, mis deseos se habían alterado, mis afectos tenían otro sentido, mis deleites eran completamente distintos de como eran a mi llegada a esta isla y durante los últimos dos años.

Antes, cuando salía a cazar o a explorar la isla, la angustia que me provocaba mi situación me atacaba súbitamente y cuando pensaba en los bosques, las montañas y el desierto en el que me hallaba, me sentía desfallecer. Me veía como un prisionero encerrado tras los infinitos barrotes y cerrojos del mar, en un páramo deshabitado y sin posibilidad de salvación. En los momentos de mayor cordura, estos pensamientos me asaltaban de golpe, como una tormenta, y me hacían retorcerme las manos y llorar como un niño. A veces, me sorprendían en medio del trabajo y me obligaban a sentarme a suspirar, cabizbajo, durante una o dos horas, lo cual era mucho peor, pues si hubiese podido irrumpir en llanto o expresarme en palabras, habría podido desahogarme y aliviar mi dolor.

Pero ahora pensaba en cosas nuevas. Diariamente, leía la palabra de Dios y aplicaba todo su consuelo a mi situación. Una mañana que me sentía muy triste, abrí la Biblia y encontré estas palabras: Nunca jamás te dejaré ni te abandonaré. Inmediatamente pensé que estaban dirigidas a mí pues, ¿cómo si no, me habían sido reveladas justo en el momento en el que me lamentaba de mi condición como quien ha sido abandonado por Dios y por los hombres? «Pues bien -dije-, si Dios no me va a abandonar, ¿qué puede ocurrirme o qué importancia puede tener el que todo el mundo me haya abandonado, cuando pienso que la pérdida sería mucho mayor si tuviese el mundo entero a mi disposición y perdiese el favor y la bendición de Dios?»

Desde este momento, comencé a convencerme de que, posiblemente, era más feliz en esta situación de soledad y abandono que en cualquier otro estado en el mundo. Con estos pensamientos le di gracias a Dios por haberme traído a este lugar.

No sé qué ocurrió pero algo me turbó y me impidió pronunciar las palabras de agradecimiento. «¿Cómo puedes ser tan hipócrita -me dije en voz alta- y fingirte agradecido por una situación de la cual, a pesar de tus esfuerzos por resignarte a ella, deseas liberarte con todas las fuerzas de tu corazón?» Aquí me detuve y, aunque no pude darle gracias a Dios por hallarme allí, le agradecí sinceramente que me hubiese abierto los ojos, si bien mediante sufrimientos, para ver mi vida anterior y para lamentarme y arrepentirme de ella. Nunca abrí ni cerré la Biblia sin darle gracias a Dios por hacer que mi amigo en Inglaterra, sin que yo le dijese nada, la hubiese empaquetado con mis cosas y por ayudarme a rescatarla del naufragio.

De este modo y con esta disposición de ánimo, comencé mi tercer año. Si bien no he querido incomodar al lector con el relato minucioso de los trabajos que realicé durante este año, como lo hice con el año anterior, en general, puedo observar que casi nunca estaba ocioso sino que había dividido mi tiempo, según lo requerían mis tareas cotidianas. En primer lugar, debía cumplir mis deberes con Dios y leer las escrituras, cosa que hacía tres veces al día. En segundo lugar, tenía que salir con mi escopeta en busca de alimentos, lo cual me tomaba cerca de tres horas todas las mañanas. En tercer lugar, tenía que preparar, curar, conservar y cocinar lo que había matado o atrapado para mi sustento. Esto me tomaba una buena parte del día. Además, debe considerarse que al mediodía, cuando el sol estaba en el cenit, hacía un calor tan violento que era imposible salir, por lo que solo me quedaban cuatro horas de trabajo por la tarde, excepto cuando invertía los horarios de mis labores y trabajaba por las mañanas y salía con la escopeta por la tarde.

Al poco tiempo que tenía para trabajar, he de agregar la extrema laboriosidad de las obras y las muchas horas que, por falta de herramientas, ayuda o destreza, me tomaba cualquier tarea que emprendiese. Por ejemplo, me tomó cuarenta y dos días enteros hacer una tabla que me sirviera de anaquel para mi cueva, mientras que dos aserradores, con sus herramientas y su serrucho, habrían cortado seis tablas del mismo árbol en medio día.

Mi situación era la siguiente: el árbol que debía cortar tenía que ser grande, pues necesitaba que la tabla fuese ancha. Me tomaba tres días cortar el árbol y dos más quitarle las ramas y reducirlo al tronco. A fuerza de hachazos, iba afinándolo por ambos lados hasta hacerlo lo suficientemente ligero como para moverlo. Entonces le daba la vuelta y aplanaba y alisaba uno de sus lados de un extremo a otro, como una tabla. Luego le daba la vuelta otra vez y cortaba el otro lado hasta obtener una plancha como de tres pulgadas de espesor y lisa por ambos lados. Cualquiera podría juzgar el esfuerzo que debía hacer con mis manos para realizar este trabajo pero con paciencia y empeño conseguí hacer esta y muchas otras cosas. Recalco esto, en particular, tan solo para explicar por qué me tomaba tanto tiempo realizar una tarea tan pequeña; en otras palabras, que lo que se podía realizar en poco tiempo, con ayuda y las herramientas adecuadas, sin estas se convertía en un trabajo ímprobo que requería muchísimo tiempo. No obstante, con paciencia y empeño, pude sobrepasar muchos obstáculos, de hecho, todos los que se me presentaron en diversas circunstancias, como se verá a continuación.

Estaba en los meses de noviembre y diciembre, a la espera de mi cosecha de cebada y arroz, y la tierra que había arado y cultivado no era muy grande pues, como he observado, no tenía más de un celemín de cada grano ya que había perdido una cosecha entera en la estación seca. Esta vez, la cosecha prometía ser buena pero de pronto advertí que estaba a punto de perderla nuevamente a causa de enemigos de diversa índole, a los cuales me resultaba muy difícil combatir. En primer lugar, las cabras y lo que yo llamo liebres salvajes, habiendo probado esa hierba tan dulce, permanecían allí día y noche, comiéndola tan de raíz que era imposible que brotara una espiga.

Para esto no vi otra solución que levantar un cerco, que construí con mucho empeño, pues no tenía demasiado tiempo. No obstante, como la tierra arada no era muy ex tensa, conforme a la cosecha, logré cercarla totalmente en tres semanas. Maté algunos de los animales durante el día y puse a mi perro en guardia durante la noche, amarrado a un palo donde se quedaba vigilando y ladrando toda la noche. De este modo, los enemigos abandonaron el lugar en poco tiempo y el grano creció fuerte y saludable y comenzó a madurar rápidamente.

Así como estos animales trataron de arruinar mi grano cuando aún era hierba, los pájaros estuvieron a punto de hacerlo cuando brotaron las espigas. Un día fui al sembrado para ver cómo prosperaba y lo hallé rodeado de aves de no sé cuántos tipos, que parecían aguardar a que me marchase. Inmediatamente, las espanté con la escopeta (que siempre llevaba conmigo). No bien había disparado, cuando se elevó una pequeña nube de pájaros que no había visto porque estaban ocultos entre las espigas.

Esto me inquietó mucho pues preveía que en pocos días se habrían comido mis esperanzas, dejándome sin alimento, y sin posibilidades de volver a sembrar nunca. No sabía qué hacer. Sin embargo, estaba decidido a no perder mi grano, si era posible, aunque tuviera que vigilarlo día y noche. En primer lugar, recorrí el sembrado para ver los daños que habían hecho las aves y encontré que habían echado a perder gran parte de los granos pero, como las espigas estaban aún verdes, la pérdida no fue tan grande, pues el resto prometía una buena cosecha si lograba salvarlo.

Me detuve a cargar mi escopeta y pude ver a los ladrones posados en los árboles que estaban a mi alrededor, como esperando a que me marchara, lo que en efecto ocurrió pues, apenas me alejé de su vista, bajaron al sembrado, uno a uno, nuevamente. Esto me enfadó tanto que no tuve paciencia para esperar a que llegara el resto, sabiendo que cada grano que se comían en ese momento representaba una gran pérdida para mí en el futuro. Por lo tanto, arrimándome al cerco, disparé y maté a tres de ellos. Era justo lo que quería pues los recogí y los traté como a los ladrones famosos en Inglaterra, es decir, los colgué de unas cadenas para asustar a los demás. Es imposible imaginar el efecto que tuvo esto pues, al poco tiempo, abandonaron aquella parte de la isla y no volví a verlos por allí mientras estuvo mi espantapájaros.

Esto me alegró mucho, como puede suponerse, y hacia finales de diciembre recogí mi grano en la segunda cosecha del año.

Por desgracia, no tenía una hoz o guadaña para cortarlo y lo único que podía hacer era fabricar una lo mejor que pudiese con las espadas o machetes que había rescatado del barco. No obstante, como mi primera cosecha era pequeña, no tuve demasiadas dificultades para segarla. En pocas palabras, lo hice a mi modo, pues solo corté las espigas, las transporté en una de las grandes canastas que había tejido y las desgrané con mis propias manos. Al final del proceso, observé que el grano cosechado era, según mis cálculos, aunque no tenía forma de comprobarlo, casi treinta y dos veces más que el que había sembrado.

Me sentí muy entusiasmado pues preveía que, con el tiempo, Dios me proporcionaría pan. Sin embargo, nuevamente me hallaba en apuros pues no sabía moler el grano para transformarlo en harina, ni limpiarlo, ni cernirlo, ni, en definitiva, hacer pan. Todo esto, sumado a mi deseo de disponer de una buena cantidad para almacenar y otra para sembrar, decidí no probar ni un grano de esta cosecha con el fin de sembrarlo en la siguiente estación. Mientras tanto, emplearía todo mi ingenio y mi tiempo de trabajo en averiguar el modo de hacer harina y pan.

Podría decir en verdad que había trabajado para conseguirme el pan, lo cual es bastante sorprendente y me parece que pocas personas se han detenido a pensar en la enorme cantidad de pequeñas cosas que hay que hacer para producir, preparar, elaborar y terminar un solo pan.

Como me hallaba reducido a un simple estado natural, sufría desalientos diariamente y cada vez me volvía más sensible a ellos, incluso desde que había obtenido el primer puñado de semillas que, como ya he dicho, apareció inesperadamente y para mi gran asombro.

En primer lugar, no tenía un arado para remover la tierra, ni una azada o pala para labrarla. Resolví este problema haciendo una pala de madera, a la cual ya he hecho referencia, pero no era la más adecuada para la función que quería darle y, aunque me había tomado varios días fabricarla, al no estar reforzada con hierro se desgastó rápidamente y me entorpeció el trabajo, haciéndolo más difícil.

No obstante, aguantaba esto y me conformaba con hacer el trabajo pacientemente y tolerar sus imperfecciones. Cuando terminé de sembrar el grano, me hacía falta un ras trillo y no me quedó más remedio que utilizar una rama gruesa con la cual conseguí arañar la tierra, más que rastrillarla.

Mientras crecía el grano, observé todo lo que necesitaba hacer: cercarlo, protegerlo, segarlo o cosecharlo, secarlo, transportarlo a casa, trillarlo, limpiarlo y guardarlo. Necesitaba también un molino para convertirlo en harina, un tamiz para cernirla, sal y levadura para hacer el pan y un horno para cocerlo. Sin embargo, como se verá, logré arreglármelas sin ninguna de estas cosas y el grano me proporcionó un inestimable placer y provecho. Todo lo que he mencionado anteriormente, hacía el trabajo más tedioso y difícil pero no había mucho que hacer al respecto, como tampoco respecto al tiempo que perdía pues, según lo había dividido, utilizaba sólo una parte del día para realizar estas labores. Como había decidido no usar el grano para pan hasta que tuviera una cantidad mayor, empleé todo mi tiempo y mi ingenio durante los seis meses siguientes en hacer los utensilios adecuados para ejecutar todas las operaciones relacionadas al procesamiento del grano, cuando lo tuviera. 

9

Primeramente, tenía que preparar un terreno mayor ya que ahora tenía suficientes semillas para sembrar un acre de tierra. Antes de hacer esto, dediqué por lo menos una se mana a fabricar una azada, que resultó deplorable y pesada y requería un esfuerzo doble trabajar con ella. No obstante, obvié esto y sembré mi semilla en dos grandes extensiones de tierra llana, situadas tan cerca de casa como fue posible y las cerqué con una fuerte empalizada, cuyas estacas corté de los árboles que había utilizado anteriormente. Sabía que en un año tendría un seto de plantas vivas que no requeriría mucho mantenimiento. Esta tarea era lo suficientemente complicada como para que me tomara casi tres meses finalizarla, ya que buena parte de este tiempo coincidió con la estación de lluvia, durante la cual, no pude salir.

Sin poder salir, esto es, mientras llovía, me ocupaba de los siguientes asuntos. Siempre que trabajaba, me entretenía hablándole al loro y enseñándole a hablar, de modo que pronto aprendió su propio nombre y a decirlo fuertemente: POLL, que fue la primera palabra que se pronunció en la isla por boca que no fuera la mía. Pero, esta no era mi labor principal, sino, más bien, un pasatiempo que me divertía mientras ocupaba mis manos en otras tareas, como la siguiente. Había estudiado durante mucho tiempo la forma de hacer unas vasijas de barro, que tanto necesitaba, pero aún no sabía cómo. Mas, teniendo en cuenta que el clima era caluroso, no dudaba que, si podía encontrar un buen barro, podría fabricar algún cacharro que, secado al sol, fuera lo suficientemente fuerte para manejarlo y conservar en su interior cualquier cosa que quisiera preservar de la humedad. Como necesitaba algunos cacharros de este tipo para el grano y la harina, que era lo que me preocupaba en ese momento, decidí hacerlos tan grandes como pudiera, a fin de que sirvieran exclusivamente como tarros para conservar lo que guardara en ellos.

Tal vez el lector se apiade de mí, o, por el contrario, se ría de mi torpeza al hacer la pasta y los objetos tan deformes que realicé con ella, que se hundían hacia adentro o hacia fuera porque el barro era demasiado blando para resistir su propio peso. Algunos se quebraban al ser expuestos precipitadamente al excesivo calor del sol, otros se rompían en pedazos cuando los movía, tanto cuando estaban secos como cuando aún estaban húmedos. En pocas palabras, después de un arduo esfuerzo por conseguir el barro, de extraerlo, amasarlo, transportarlo y moldearlo, en dos meses no pude hacer más que dos cosas grandes y feas, que no me atrevería a llamar tarros.

No obstante, cuando el sol los secó hasta dejarlos muy duros, los levanté con mucho cuidado y los coloqué en dos grandes cestos de mimbre, que había tejido, expresamente, para ellos, a fin de que no se rompieran. Entre cada cacharro y su correspondiente cesto había un poco de espacio, que rellené con paja de arroz y cebada. Pensé que, conservándolos secos, podrían servir para guardar el grano y, tal vez la harina, cuando lo hubiese molido.

Aunque cometí muchos errores en mi proyecto de hacer cacharros grandes, pude hacer, con éxito, otros más pequeños, como vasijas, platos llanos, jarras y ollitas, que el calor del sol secaba y volvía extrañamente duros. Nada de esto, sin embargo, satisfacía mi necesidad principal que era obtener una vasija en la que pudiera echar líquido y fuese resistente al fuego. Al cabo de cierto tiempo, un día, habiendo hecho un gran fuego para asar carne, en el momento de retirar los carbones, encontré un trozo de un cacharro de barro, quemado y duro como una piedra y rojo como una teja. Esto me sorprendió gratamente y me dije que; ciertamente, si podían cocerse en trozos también podrían hacerlo enteros.

Este hecho me llevó a estudiar cómo disponer el fuego para cocer algunos cacharros de barro. No tenía idea de cómo fabricar un horno como los que usan los alfareros, ni de esmaltar los cacharros con plomo, aunque tenía algo de plomo para hacerlo. Apilé tres ollas grandes y dos cacharros, unos encima de los otros, y dispuse las brasas a su alrededor, dejando un montón de ascuas debajo. Alimenté el fuego con leña, que coloqué en la parte de afuera y sobre la pila, hasta que los cacharros se pusieron al rojo vivo sin llegar a romperse. Cuando estuvieron claramente rojos, los dejé en la lumbre durante cinco o seis horas, hasta que me di cuenta de que uno de ellos no se quebraba pero sí se derretía, porque la arena que había mezclado con el barro se fundía por la violencia del calor, y se habría convertido en vidrio de haberlo dejado allí. Disminuí gradualmente el fuego hasta que el rojo de los cacharros se volvió más tenue y me quedé observándolos toda la noche para que el fuego no se apagara demasiado aprisa. A la mañana siguiente, tenía tres buenas ollitas, si bien no muy hermosas, y dos vasijas, tan resistentes como podría desearse, una de las cuales estaba perfectamente esmaltada por la fundición de la arena.

No tengo que decir que después de este experimento, no volví a necesitar ningún cacharro de barro que no pudiera hacerme. Mas debo decir que en cuanto a la forma, no se diferenciaban mucho unos de otros, como es de suponerse, ya que los hacía del mismo modo que los niños hacen sus tortas de arcilla o que las mujeres, que nunca han aprendido a hacer masa, hornean sus pasteles.

Jamás hubo alegría tan grande por algo tan insignificante, como la que sentí cuando vi que había hecho un cacharro de arcilla resistente al fuego. Apenas tuve paciencia para esperar a que se enfriara y volví a colocarlo en el fuego, esta vez, lleno de agua, para hervir un trozo de carne, lo que logré admirablemente. Luego, con un poco de cabra, me hice un caldo muy sabroso y solo me habría hecho falta un poco de avena y algunos otros ingredientes para que quedara tan sabroso como lo hubiera deseado.

Mi siguiente preocupación era procurarme un mortero de piedra para moler o triturar el grano ya que, tan solo con un par de manos, no podía pensar en hacer un molino. Me encontraba muy poco preparado para satisfacer esta necesidad pues, si había un oficio en el mundo para el cual no estaba cualificado era para el de picapedrero. Por otra parte, tampoco contaba con las herramientas necesarias para hacerlo. Pasé más de un día buscando una piedra lo suficientemente grande como para ahuecarla y que sirviera de mortero, mas no pude encontrar ninguna, excepto las que había en la roca pero no tenía forma de extraer ni cortarle ningún pedazo. Tampoco las rocas de la isla eran lo suficientemente duras pues todas tenían una consistencia arenosa y se desmoronaban fácilmente, de manera que no habrían soportado los golpes de un mazo, ni habrían molido el grano sin llenarlo de arena. Después de perder mucho tiempo buscando una piedra adecuada, renuncié a este propósito y decidí buscar un buen bloque de madera sólida, lo que resultó mucho más sencillo. Cogí uno tan grande como mis fuerzas me permitieron levantar y lo redondeé por fuera con el hacha. Luego le hice una cavidad con fuego, del mismo modo que los indios del Brasil construyen sus canoas. Después hice una mano de almirez, de una madera que llaman palo de hierro y guardé todos estos utensilios hasta mi próxima cosecha, al cabo de la cual, me proponía moler el grano, o más bien, machacarlo hasta convertirlo en harina para hacer pan.

La segunda dificultad con que me topé fue la de hacer un tamiz o cedazo para cernir la harina y separarla del salvado y de la cáscara, sin lo cual no habría tenido posibilidad alguna de hacer pan. Esta era una labor tan difícil que no me hallaba con valor ni para pensar en la forma de realizarla pues no tenía nada que me sirviera para ello; es decir, una lona o tejido con una trama lo suficientemente fina como para permitir el cernido de la harina. Durante muchos meses estuve paralizado, sin saber exactamente qué hacer. No me quedaba más lienzo que algunos harapos; tenía pelos de cabra pero no sabía cómo hilarlos o tejerlos y, aunque lo hubiese sabido, no tenía instrumentos para hacerlo. Finalmente, recordé que entre la ropa de los marineros que había rescatado del naufragio, había algunas bufandas de muselina y, con algunos pedazos hice tres tamices pequeños pero adecuados para la tarea. Los utilicé durante muchos años y, en su momento, contaré lo que hice después con ellos.

Lo próximo que tenía que considerar era cómo hacer el pan, una vez tuviera el grano pues, para empezar, no tenía levadura, mas como este era un problema que no tenía solución, dejé de preocuparme por ello. Sin embargo, me afligía no tener un horno. Con el tiempo, ideé la forma de hacerlo, de la siguiente manera: Hice algunas vasijas de barro muy anchas pero poco profundas, es decir, de unos dos pies de diámetro y no más de nueve pulgadas de profundidad. Las quemé en el fuego, como había hecho con las otras y luego, cuando quería hornear pan, hacía un gran fuego sobre el hogar, que había cubierto con unas losetas cuadradas que yo mismo hice y cocí aunque no puedo decir que fuesen perfectamente cuadradas.

Cuando la leña formaba un buen montón de ascuas, llenaba el hogar con ellas y las dejaba ahí hasta que el hogar se calentaba bien. Luego retiraba las ascuas, colocaba mi hogaza o mis hogazas y las cubría con la vasija de barro, que rodeaba de carbones para mantener y avivar el fuego según fuera necesario. De este modo, como en el mejor horno del mundo, horneaba mis hogazas de cebada y, en poco tiempo, me convertí en un auténtico maestro pastelero pues confeccionaba diversas tortas de arroz y budines, aunque no llegué a hacer tartas ya que no tenía con qué rellenarlas, si no era con carne de ave o de cabra.

No es de extrañar que todas estas labores me tomaran casi todo el tercer año en la isla pues, debe notarse que aparte de ellas, tenía que ocuparme de mi nueva cosecha y de la labranza. Sembraba el grano en el momento adecuado, lo transportaba a casa lo mejor que podía y colocaba las espigas en grandes canastas hasta que llegaba el momento de desgranarlo, pues no tenía trillo ni lugar donde trillar.

Ahora que mi provisión de grano aumentaba, quería agrandar los graneros. Necesitaba un lugar para almacenarlo porque la cosecha había sido tan abundante que tenía veinte fanegas de cebada y otras tantas, o más, de arroz. Decidí entonces usarlos ampliamente puesto que hacía tiempo que se me había acabado el pan. También decidí ver cuánto necesitaba para un año y, así, sembrar solo una vez.

En total, descubrí que cuarenta fanegas de cebada y arroz eran más de lo que podía consumir en un año y por tanto, decidí sembrar al año siguiente la misma cantidad que en el anterior, con la esperanza de que me bastase para hacer pan y otros alimentos.

Mientras hacía todo esto, a menudo mis pensamientos volaban hacia la tierra que había visto desde el otro lado de la isla y, secretamente, deseaba estar allí, imaginando que podría divisar el continente y que, al ser una tierra poblada, encontraría los medios para salir adelante y, finalmente, escapar.

Sin embargo, no tenía en cuenta los riesgos de aquella situación, como, por ejemplo, el de caer en manos de los salvajes, que consideraba más peligrosos que los leones y los tigres de África, y que, si me atrapaban, casi con toda seguridad, me asesinarían y, tal vez me devorarían. Había oído decir que los habitantes de la costa del Caribe eran caníbales, o devoradores de hombres y sabía, por la latitud, que no debía estar lejos de esas tierras. Mas, suponiendo que no fuesen caníbales, podían matarme, como a muchos europeos que cayeron en sus manos, incluso a grupos de diez o veinte; y con más razón a mí que era uno solo y apenas podía defenderme. Nada de esto, que debía considerar muy seriamente, como después lo hice, me preocupaba al principio pues tan solo pensaba en llegar a la otra orilla.

Deseaba tener a mi chico Xury y la chalupa con su vela de lomo de cordero, con la cual había navegado más de mil millas por la costa de África; mas de nada me servía desear lo. Entonces pensé que podía inspeccionar el bote de la nave que, como he dicho anteriormente, fue arrojado hasta la playa por la tormenta que nos hizo naufragar. Estaba casi en el mismo lugar pero las olas y el viento le habían dado la vuelta contra un arrecife de arena dura y ahora no tenía agua alrededor.

Si hubiese tenido ayuda, habría podido repararlo y echarlo al agua y me habría servido perfectamente para regresar a Brasil sin dificultades. Mas debía reconocer que me iba a resultar tan difícil darle la vuelta como mudar la isla de un lado a otro. No obstante, fui al bosque a cortar unos troncos largos que me sirvieran de palanca y rollo y los trasladé hasta el bote, decidido a hacer lo que pudiese y convencido de que si lograba darle la vuelta, podría repararlo y convertirlo en un excelente bote con el que podría lanzarme al mar tranquilamente.

No escatimé en esfuerzos en esta inútil labor, en la que empleé cerca de tres semanas, hasta que, por fin, me convencí de que no podría levantarlo con mis pocas fuerzas y decidí excavar la arena por debajo para socavarlo y hacerlo caer, utilizando trozos de madera para dirigirle la caída. Mas cuando hube terminado de hacer esto, advertí, nuevamente, que no podía darle la vuelta, ni meterme debajo ni, mucho menos, empujarlo hacia el agua. De este modo, me vi obligado a desistir de la idea y, aunque así lo hice, mis deseos de aventurarme hacia el continente aumentaban a medida que disminuían mis probabilidades de lograrlo.

Más tarde, comencé a reflexionar sobre la posibilidad de construir una canoa o piragua, como las que hacían los nativos de aquellas latitudes, incluso sin herramientas ni ayuda, con un gran tronco de árbol. Esto no solo me pareció posible sino sencillo y me alegré mucho con la idea de hacerlo y de tener más recursos que los indios o los negros. Mas no consideré las dificultades que acarreaba dicha tarea, que eran mayores que las que podían encontrar los indios, como por ejemplo, la necesidad de ayuda para echarla al agua cuando estuviese terminada. Este obstáculo me parecía mucho más difícil de superar que la falta de herramientas, por parte de los indios pues ¿de qué me serviría cortar un gran árbol en el bosque, lo cual podía hacer sin demasiada dificultad, si, después de modelar y alisar la parte exterior para darle la forma de un bote y de cortar y quemar la parte interior para ahuecarla, debía dejarlo justo donde lo había encontrado por ser incapaz de arrastrarlo hasta el agua?

Se podría pensar que, mientras construía la canoa, no había considerado, ni por un momento, esta situación pues debí haber pensado antes en la forma de llevarla hasta el agua pero estaba tan enfrascado en la idea de navegar, que ni una vez me detuve a pensar cómo lo haría. Naturalmente, me iba a resultar mucho más fácil llevarla cuarenta y cinco millas por mar, que arrastrarla por tierra las cuarenta y cinco brazas que la separaban de él.

Me empeñé en construir esta canoa como el más estúpido de los hombres, como si hubiese perdido totalmente la razón. Me agradaba el proyecto y no me preocupaba en lo más mínimo si no era capaz de realizarlo. No es que la idea de botar la canoa no me asaltara con frecuencia sino que respondía a mis preguntas con la siguiente insensatez: «Primero ocupémonos de hacerla que, con toda seguridad, encontraré la forma de transportarla cuando esté terminada.»

Esta era una forma de proceder descabellada pero mi fantasiosa obstinación prevaleció y puse manos a la obra. Corté un cedro tan grande, que dudo mucho que Salomón dispusiera de uno igual para construir el templo de Jerusalén. Medía cinco pies y diez pulgadas de diámetro en la parte baja y a los veintidós pies de altura medía cuatro pies y once pulgadas; luego se iba haciendo más delgado hasta el nacimiento de las ramas. Me costó un trabajo infinito cortar el árbol. Estuve veinte días talando y cortando la base y catorce más cercenando las ramas, los brotes y el tupido follaje con el hacha. Después, me tomó un mes darle la forma del casco de un bote que pudiese mantenerse derecho sobre el agua. Me tomó casi tres meses excavar su interior hasta que pareciese un bote de verdad. Hice esto sin fuego, utilizando, únicamente, un mazo y un cincel y, después de mucho esfuerzo, logré hacer una hermosa piragua, lo suficientemente grande como para llevar veintiséis hombre y, por tanto, a mí con mi cargamento.

Cuando terminé la tarea, estaba encantado. El bote era mucho más grande que cualquier canoa o piragua, hecha de un solo árbol, que hubiese visto en mi vida. Muchos golpes de hacha me había costado y no faltaba más que llevarla hasta el agua y, si lo hubiese conseguido, habría emprendido el viaje más absurdo e irrealizable que jamás se hubiese hecho.

Todos mis intentos de llevarla al mar fracasaron, a pesar de mis grandísimos esfuerzos. La canoa estaba a unas cien yardas del agua y el primer inconveniente era una colina que se elevaba hacia el río. Para resolver este problema, decidí cavar el terreno con el fin de hacer un declive. Comencé a hacerlo y me costó un trabajo inmenso mas ¿quién se queja de fatigas si tiene la salvación ante sus ojos? No obstante, cuando terminé esta tarea y vencí esta dificultad, estaba igual que antes porque, como con el bote, me resultaba imposible mover la canoa.

Entonces medí la longitud del terreno y decidí hacer una especie de dique o canal para llevar el agua hasta la piragua ya que no podía llevar esta al agua. Cuando comencé a hacerlo y calculé el ancho y la profundidad de la excavación que debía realizar, me di cuenta de que, sin otro recurso que mis dos brazos, me tomaría unos diez o doce años terminar esta labor puesto que, la orilla estaba elevada y, por lo tanto, tendría que cavar una zanja de, por lo menos, veinte pies de profundidad en la parte más alta. Al final también tuve que renunciar a esta idea, con mucho pesar.

Esto me causó una gran aflicción y me hizo comprender, aunque demasiado tarde, la estupidez de iniciar un trabajo sin calcular los costos ni juzgar la capacidad para realizarlo.

Ocupado en estas tareas, concluyó mi cuarto año de estancia en la isla y celebré el aniversario con la misma devoción y tranquilidad que los anteriores, pues, gracias al constante estudio de la palabra de Dios y al auxilio de su gracia divina, había adquirido una nueva sabiduría, distinta a mis conocimientos anteriores. Veía las cosas de otro modo y el mundo me parecía algo remoto, con lo que no tenía nada que ver y de lo que no esperaba ni deseaba absolutamente nada. En pocas palabras, no tenía nada en común con él, ni lo tendría nunca, de modo que lo veía como se debía ver después de la muerte; como un lugar donde había vivido pero al que había abandonado. Muy bien podía decir, como Abraham al rico avariento: Entre tú y yo media un profundo abismo.

En primer lugar, me hallaba lejos de los vicios del mundo. No sentía la concupiscencia de la carne, la concupiscencia de los ojos, ni la soberbia de la vida. Nada tenía que envidiar, puesto que poseía todo aquello de lo que podía disfrutar y era el señor de toda la isla. Podía, si eso me complacía, llamarme rey o emperador de todo lo que poseía. No tenía rivales ni adversarios ni a nadie con quien disputarme la soberanía o el poder. Podía cosechar suficiente grano para cargar muchos navíos pero no me hacía falta, de modo que sembraba solo el que necesitaba para mi sustento. Tenía tortugas en abundancia pero no las cogía sino de cuando en cuando, según mis necesidades. Tenía suficiente leña para construir toda una flota de barcos y luego llenar sus bodegas con el vino o las pasas que podía obtener de mi viñedo.

Solo me parecía valioso aquello que podía utilizar. Comía solo lo que necesitaba y el resto, ¿de qué me servía? Si cazaba más de lo que podía comer, tenía que dárselo al perro o dejar que se lo comieran las sabandijas. Si sembraba más grano del que podía consumir, se echaba a perder. Los árboles que cortaba se pudrían sobre la tierra ya que no podía utilizarlos de otro modo que no fuera como lumbre para cocinar mi comida.

En pocas palabras, después de una justa reflexión, comprendí que la naturaleza y la experiencia me habían enseñado que todas las cosas buenas de este mundo lo son en la medida en que podemos hacer uso de ellas o regalárselas a alguien y que disfrutamos solo de aquello que podemos utilizar; el resto no nos sirve para nada. El avaro más miserable y codicioso de este mundo se habría curado del vicio de la avaricia si hubiese estado en mi lugar, pues poseía infinitamente más de lo que podía disponer. No deseaba nada, excepto algunas cosas que no podía tener y que, en realidad, eran insignificancias, aunque me habrían sido de gran utilidad. Como he dicho anteriormente, tenía un poco de dinero, oro y plata, que sumaban unas treinta y seis libras esterlinas y, ¡ay de mí!, ahí yacía esa inútil y desagradable materia, con la que no podía hacer absolutamente nada. A veces pensaba que habría dado parte de ella a cambio de unas buenas pipas para fumar tabaco o de un molino de mano para moler el grano. Más aún, lo habría dado todo a cambio de seis peniques de semillas de nabos y zanahorias de Inglaterra o de un puñado de guisantes y habas y un frasco de tinta. En mi situación, no podía sacar ningún provecho de ese dinero y allí estaba, dentro de un cajón, cubriéndose de moho con la humedad de la cueva durante la estación de lluvias; y si hubiera tenido el cajón lleno de diamantes, tampoco habrían tenido ningún valor, porque no tenía uso que darles.

Ahora mi vida era mucho más tranquila que al principio y me sentía mucho mejor, física y espiritualmente. A menudo, cuando me sentaba a comer, me sentía agradecido y ad mirado por la divina Providencia que me había puesto una mesa en medio del desierto. Aprendí a ver el lado bueno de mi situación y a ignorar el malo y a valorar más lo que podía disfrutar que lo que me hacía falta. Esta actitud me proporcionó un secreto bienestar, que no puedo explicar. Pongo esto aquí, pensando en las personas inconformes, que no son capaces de disfrutar felizmente lo que Dios les ha dado porque ambicionan precisamente aquello que les ha sido negado y me parece que toda nuestra infelicidad, por lo que no tenemos, proviene de nuestra falta de agradecimiento por lo que tenemos.

Otra reflexión muy provechosa para mi y, sin duda, para cualquiera que caiga en una desgracia como la mía, era la siguiente: comparar mi situación presente con la que imaginé al principio, o bien, con la que, seguramente, habría sido, si la buena Providencia de Dios no hubiese dispuesto milagrosamente que el barco se acercase a la orilla y que yo, no solo pudiese alcanzarlo, sino rescatar todo lo que logré llevar hasta la playa, para mi salvación y mi bienestar, pues, si las cosas hubieran ocurrido de otro modo, no habría tenido herramientas con que trabajar, armas para defenderme, ni pólvora ni municiones para conseguir mi alimento.

Pasé horas, más bien, días enteros, imaginando, con lujo de detalles, lo que habría tenido que hacer si no hubiese podido rescatar nada del barco. No habría podido alimentarme más que con pescado y tortugas y más aún, si no los hubiera descubierto a tiempo, me habría muerto de hambre y, en caso de haber podido subsistir, habría vivido como un salvaje. Si por casualidad hubiera matado una cabra o un ave, mediante alguna estratagema, no habría podido abrirla, ni desollarla, ni sacarle las vísceras, ni trocearla sino que me habría visto obligado a roerla con los dientes y desgarrarla con las uñas como las bestias.

Estas reflexiones me hicieron consciente de lo bondadosa que había sido la Providencia conmigo, por lo que me sentí muy agradecido por mi presente condición, a pesar de todos sus problemas y contratiempos. Aquí debo recomendar a aquellos que tienden a quejarse de sus miserias y se preguntan: «¿hay alguna pena como la mía?», que consideren cuánto peor están otras personas, o cuánto peor podrían estar ellos mismos si a la Providencia le hubiese parecido justo.

Había otra reflexión que me reconfortaba y me devolvía las esperanzas. Comparaba mi situación actual con la que merecía y que, con toda razón, debía esperar de la Providencia. Había vivido una vida vergonzosa, totalmente desprovista de cualquier conocimiento o temor de Dios. Mis padres me habían educado bien; ambos me habían inculcado, desde temprana edad, el respeto religioso hacia Dios, el sentido del deber y de aquello que la naturaleza y mi condición en la vida exigían de mí. Pero ¡ay de mí! muy pronto caí en la vida de marinero, que, de todas las existencias, es la menos temerosa de Dios, aunque, a menudo, padezca las consecuencias de su cólera. Digo que, habiéndome iniciado muy pronto en la vida de marinero y en la compañía de gentes de mar, el poco sentido de la religión que había cultivado hasta entonces, desapareció ante las burlas de mis compañeros y ante un endurecido desprecio por el peligro y las visiones de la muerte, a las que llegué a acostumbrarme por no tener con quien conversar, que fuese distinto de mí, u oír alguna palabra buena o, al menos, amable.

Tan vacío estaba de cualquier bondad, o del más mínimo sentido de ella que ni siquiera en las agraciadas ocasiones en las que me había visto salvado, como cuando escapé de Salé, cuando el capitán portugués me rescató, cuando me establecí felizmente en Brasil, cuando recibí el cargamento de Inglaterra y otras por el estilo, pronuncié ni pensé una palabra de agradecimiento a Dios; ni siquiera en el colmo de mi desventura le dirigí una plegaria a Dios diciendo: «Señor, ten piedad de mí.» No, jamás pronunciaba el nombre de Dios a no ser que fuera para jurar o blasfemar.

Como ya he dicho, pasé muchos meses en medio de terribles reflexiones sobre mi maldita e indigna vida pasada. Mas cuando miraba a mi alrededor y contemplaba los dones especiales que había recibido desde mi llegada a esta isla y el modo tan generoso en que Dios me había tratado, pues no me había castigado con la severidad que merecía sino, más bien, había sido pródigo en proveerme tanto como podía necesitar, tenía la esperanza de que mi arrepentimiento hubiese sido aceptado y que Dios me tuviera reservada alguna misericordia.

Con estos pensamientos me resigné a acatar la voluntad de Dios en las circunstancias en las que me hallaba y hasta le di sinceras gracias por ello, considerando que aún estaba vivo y que no debía quejarme, pues no había recibido siquiera el justo castigo por mis pecados y gozaba de tantos privilegios como nunca hubiese podido esperar en un sitio como este. Por tanto, no debía volver a lamentarme de mi condición, sino regocijarme por ella y dar gracias a Dios por el pan de cada día, que, de no ser por un milagro, no podría haber disfrutado. Debía recordar que podía alimentarme por obra de un milagro casi tan grande como el de los cuervos que alimentaron a Elías. Además, difícilmente hubiese podido elegir otro sitio con más ventajas que aquel lugar desierto donde había sido arrojado; uno donde, si bien no tenía compañía, lo cual era el motivo de mi mayor desventura, tampoco había bestias feroces, lobos furiosos, tigres que amenazaran mi vida, plantas venenosas que me hicieran daño en caso de que las ingiriera, ni salvajes que pudieran asesinarme y devorarme.

En pocas palabras, si por un lado mi vida era desventurada, por otro estaba llena de gracia y lo único que necesitaba para hacerla más confortable era confiar en la bondad y la misericordia de Dios para conmigo y hallar en ello mi consuelo. Cuando logré hacer esto, dejé de sentirme triste y pude seguir adelante.

Llevaba tanto tiempo en este lugar que muchas de las cosas que había traído a tierra se habían agotado o deteriorado. Como ya he dicho, la tinta se me había terminado casi totalmente y solo quedaba un poco que fui mezclando con agua hasta que se volvió tan clara que apenas dejaba marcas en el papel. Mientras duró, la utilicé para anotar los días del mes en los que me sucedía algo fuera de lo corriente. Recuerdo que al principio, había notado una extraña coincidencia entre las fechas de algunos acontecimientos y, de haber sido supersticioso y creer que había días de buena y mala suerte, habría tenido suficientes motivos para reflexionar sobre lo curioso de algunas circunstancias.

En primer lugar, observé que el día en que partí de Hull, abandonando a mis padres y a mis amigos con el fin de aventurarme en el mar, era el mismo día en que, más tarde, fui capturado y hecho esclavo por el corsario de Salé.

El día en que me salvé del naufragio del barco en la rada de Yarmouth, fue el mismo día, al año siguiente, en que pude escapar de Salé en la chalupa.

El día de mi nacimiento, el 30 de septiembre, fue el mismo día, al cabo de veintiséis años que me salvé milagrosamente del naufragio y llegué a las costas de esta isla; de modo que mi vida pecaminosa y mi vida solitaria empezaron el mismo día.

Después de la tinta, se me agotó el pan, es decir, la galleta que había rescatado del barco y que consumía con suma frugalidad, permitiéndome comer solo una por día, durante un año. Aun así, pasé casi un año sin pan hasta que pude producir mi propia harina, por lo que estaba enormemente agradecido ya que, como he dicho, su obtención fue casi milagrosa.

Mis ropas también comenzaron a deteriorarse notablemente. Hacía tiempo que no tenía lino, con la excepción de algunas camisas a cuadros que había encontrado en los arcones de los marineros y guardado con mucho cuidado porque, a menudo, eran lo único que podía tolerar; y fue una gran suerte que hubiese encontrado casi tres docenas de ellas entre la ropa de los marineros en el barco. También tenía varias capas gruesas de las que usaban los marineros pero eran demasiado pesadas. En verdad, el clima era tan caluroso que no tenía necesidad de usar ropa, mas no era capaz de andar totalmente desnudo. No, aunque me hubiese sentido tentado a hacerlo, lo cual no ocurrió pues no podía siquiera imaginarme algo así, a pesar de que estaba solo.

La razón por la cual no podía andar completamente desnudo era que aguantaba el calor del sol bastante mejor cuando estaba vestido que cuando no lo estaba. A menudo el sol me producía ampollas en la piel, mas, cuando llevaba camisa, el aire pasaba a través del tejido y me sentía mucho más fresco que cuando no la llevaba. Tampoco podía salir sin gorra o sombrero pues los rayos del sol, que en esas latitudes golpean con gran violencia, me habrían provocado una terrible jaqueca, a fuerza de caer directamente sobre mi cabeza.

Ante esta situación, decidí ordenar los pocos harapos que tenía y a los que llamaba ropa. Había gastado todos los chalecos y ahora debía intentar hacer algunas chaquetas con las capas y los demás materiales que tenía. Empecé pues a hacer trabajos de sastrería, más bien estropicios, pues los resultados fueron lastimosos. No obstante, logré hacer dos o tres chalecos, con la esperanza de que me durasen mucho tiempo. La labor que realicé con los pantalones o calzones, fue igualmente desastrosa, hasta más adelante.

He mencionado que guardaba las pieles de los animales que mataba, me refiero a los cuadrúpedos, y las colgaba al sol, extendiéndolas con la ayuda de palos. Algunas estaban tan secas y duras que apenas servían para nada pero otras me resultaron muy útiles. Lo primero que confeccioné con ellas fue una gran gorra para cubrirme la cabeza, con la parte de la piel hacia fuera para evitar que se filtrase el agua. Me quedó tan bien que luego me confeccioné una vestimenta completa, es decir, una casaca y unos calzones abiertos en las rodillas, ambos muy amplios, para que resultaran más frescos. Debo reconocer que estaban pésimamente hechos pues si era un mal carpintero, era aún peor sastre. No obstante, les di muy buen uso y, cuando estaba fuera, si por casualidad llovía, la piel de la casaca y del sombrero me mantenían perfectamente seco.

Posteriormente, empleé mucho tiempo y esfuerzo en fabricarme una sombrilla, que mucha falta me hacía. Había visto cómo se confeccionaban en Brasil, donde eran de gran utilidad a causa del excesivo calor y me parecía que el calor que debía soportar aquí era tanto o más fuerte que el de allá, pues me encontraba más cerca del equinoccio. Además, aquí tenía que salir constantemente, por lo que una sombrilla me resultaba de gran utilidad para protegerme, tanto del sol como de la lluvia. Emprendí esta tarea con muchas dificultades y pasó bastante tiempo antes de que pudiera hacer algo que se le pareciese pues, cuando creía haber encontrado la forma de confeccionarla, eché a perder dos o tres veces antes de hacer la que tenía prevista. Por fin fabriqué una que cumplía cabalmente ambos propósitos. Lo más difícil fue lograr que pudiera cerrarse. Había logrado que permaneciera abierta pero, si no lograba cerrarla, habría tenido que llevarla siempre sobre la cabeza, lo cual no era demasiado práctico. Finalmente, como he dicho, hice una lo suficientemente adecuada para mis propósitos y la cubrí de piel, con la parte peluda hacia arriba, a fin de que, como si fuera un tejado, me protegiese del sol tan eficazmente, que me permitiera salir, incluso en el calor más sofocante, tan a gusto como si hiciese fresco. Cuando no tuviera necesidad de usarla, podía cerrarla y llevarla bajo el brazo.

Vivía, de este modo, cómodamente; mi espíritu estaba tranquilo y enteramente conforme con la voluntad de Dios y los designios de la Providencia. Por lo tanto, mi vida era mucho más placentera que la vida en sociedad, pues, cuando me lamentaba de no tener con quien conversar, me preguntaba si no era mejor conversar con mis pensamientos y, si puede decirse, con Dios, mediante la oración, que disfrutar de los mayores deleites que podía ofrecer la sociedad. 

10

No puedo decir que, durante cinco años no me ocurriera nada extraordinario pero, lo cierto es que mi vida seguía el mismo curso, en el mismo lugar de siempre. Aparte de mi cultivo anual de cebada y arroz, del que siempre guardaba suficiente para un año, y de mis salidas diarias con la escopeta, tenía una ocupación importante: construir mi canoa, la cual, finalmente, pude acabar. Luego cavé un canal de unos seis pies de ancho por cuatro de profundidad que me permitió llevarla hasta el río, a lo largo de casi media milla. La primera canoa era demasiado grande, ya que la había construido sin pensar de antemano cómo llevarla hasta el agua y, como nunca pude hacerlo, la tuve que dejar donde estaba, a modo de recordatorio que me enseñase a ser más precavido en el futuro. De hecho, la siguiente vez, aunque no pude encontrar un árbol adecuado que estuviera a menos de media milla del agua, como ya he dicho, me pareció que mi proyecto era viable y decidí no abandonarlo. Pese a que invertí dos años en él, nunca trabajé de mala gana, sino con la esperanza de tener, finalmente, un bote para lanzarme al mar.

Sin embargo, cuando terminé de construir mi pequeña piragua, advertí que su tamaño no era el adecuado para los objetivos que me había fijado al emprender la fabricación de la primera; es decir, aventurarme hacia la tierra firme que estaba a unas cuarenta millas de la isla. Pero al ver la piragua tan pequeña, desistí de mi propósito inicial y no volví a pensar en él. Decidí usarla para hacer un recorrido por la isla, pues, aunque solo había visto parte del otro lado por tierra, como he dicho anteriormente, los descubrimientos que había hecho en ese corto viaje me despertaron fuertes deseos de ver el resto de la costa. Ahora que tenía un bote, no pensaba en otra cosa que navegar alrededor de la isla.

Con este fin, y tratando de hacer las cosas con el mejor tino posible, le puse un pequeño mástil a mi bote e hice una vela con los restos de las velas del barco, que tenía guardadas en gran cantidad.

Ajustados el mástil y la vela, hice un ensayo con la piragua y descubrí que navegaba muy bien. Entonces le hice unos pequeños armarios o cajones a cada extremo para colocar mis provisiones y municiones y evitar que se mojaran con la lluvia o las salpicaduras del mar. Luego hice una larga hendidura en el interior de la piragua para colocar la escopeta y le puse una tapa para asegurarla contra la humedad.

Aseguré la sombrilla a popa para que me protegiera del sol como si fuera un toldo. De este modo, salía a navegar de vez en cuando, sin llegar nunca a internarme demasiado en el mar ni alejarme del río. Finalmente, ansioso por ver la periferia de mi pequeño reino, decidí emprender el viaje y pertreché mi embarcación para hacerlo. Embarqué dos docenas de panes (que más bien debería llamar bizcochos) de cebada, una vasija de barro llena de arroz seco, que era un alimento que solía consumir en gran cantidad, una pequeña botella de ron, media cabra, pólvora y municiones para cazar y dos grandes capas, de las que, como he dicho, rescaté de los arcones de los marineros. Una la utilizaba a modo de colchón y la otra de manta.

El sexto día de noviembre del sexto año de mi reinado, o, si preferís, mi cautiverio, emprendí el viaje, que resultó más largo de lo que había calculado pues, aunque la isla era bastante pequeña, en la costa oriental tenía un arrecife rocoso que se extendía más de dos leguas mar adentro y, después de este, había un banco de arena seca que se prolongaba otra media legua más, de manera que me vi obligado a internarme en el mar para poder torcer esa punta.

Cuando vi el arrecife y el banco de arena por primera vez, estuve a punto de abandar la empresa y volver a tierra porque no sabía cuánto tendría que adentrarme en el mar y, sobre todo, porque no tenía idea de cómo regresar. Así pues, eché el ancla que había hecho con un trozo de arpón roto que había rescatado del barco.

Una vez asegurada mi piragua, tomé mi escopeta y me encaminé a la orilla. Escalé una colina desde la que, aparentemente, se podía dominar esa parte y, desde allí, pude observar toda su extensión. Entonces decidí aventurarme.

Mientras observaba el mar desde la colina, vi una corriente muy fuerte, de hecho, bastante violenta, que corría en dirección este y que llegaba casi hasta la punta. Me llamó la atención porque advertía cierto peligro de ser arrastrado mar adentro por ella y no poder regresar a la isla. Indudablemente, así habría ocurrido, si no hubiese subido a la colina, porque una corriente similar dominaba el otro extremo de la isla, solo que a mayor distancia. También pude ver un fuerte remolino en la orilla, de modo que si lograba evadir la corriente, me habría topado inmediatamente con él.

Me quedé en este lugar dos días porque el viento soplaba del este-sudeste, es decir, en dirección opuesta a la corriente, con bastante fuerza y levantaba un gran oleaje en aquel punto. Por lo tanto, no era seguro acercarse ni alejarse demasiado de la costa, a causa de la corriente.

Al tercer día por la mañana, el mar estaba tranquilo, pues el viento se había calmado durante la noche y decidí aventurarme. Quiero que esto sirva de advertencia a los pilotos temerarios e ignorantes, pues, no bien me había alejado de la costa un poco más que el largo de mi piragua, cuando me encontré en aguas profundas y en medio de una corriente tan rápida y fuerte como las aspas de un molino. Pese a todos mis esfuerzos, apenas podía mantenerme en sus márgenes y me alejaba cada vez más del remolino, que estaba a mi izquierda. No soplaba viento que pudiese ayudarme y todos los esfuerzos que hacía por remar resultaban inútiles. Comencé a darme por vencido pues, como había corrientes a ambos lados de la isla, sabía que a pocas leguas, se encontrarían y yo me vería irremisiblemente perdido. Tampoco veía cómo evitarlo y no me quedaba otra alternativa que perecer, no a causa del mar, que estaba muy calmado, sino de hambre. Había encontrado una tortuga en la orilla, tan grande que casi no podía levantarla, y la había echado en el bote. Tenía una gran jarra de agua fresca, es decir, uno de mis cacharros de barro pero esto era todo con lo que contaba para lanzarme al vasto océano, donde, sin duda, no encontraría orilla, ni tierra firme, ni isla en, al menos, mil leguas.

Ahora comprendía cuán fácilmente, la Providencia divina podía convertir una situación miserable en una peor. Ahora recordaba mi desolada isla como el lugar más agradable de la tierra y la única dicha a la que aspiraba mi corazón era poder regresar allí. Extendía las manos hacia ella y exclamaba: «¡Oh, feliz desierto! ¿No volveré a verte nunca más? ¡Oh, miserable criatura! ¿A dónde voy?» Entonces me reprochaba mi ingratitud al lamentarme por mi soledad y pensaba que hubiera dado cualquier cosa por estar otra vez en la orilla. Nunca sabemos ponderar el verdadero estado de nuestra situación hasta que vemos cómo puede empeorar, ni sabemos valorar aquello que tenemos hasta que lo perdemos. Es difícil imaginar la consternación en la que me hallaba sumido, al verme arrastrado lejos de mi amada isla (pues así la sentía ahora) hacia el ancho mar, a dos leguas de ella y con pocas esperanzas de volver. No obstante, me esforcé, hasta quedar exhausto, por mantener el rumbo de mi bote hacia el norte, es decir, hacia la margen de la corriente donde estaba el remolino. Cerca del mediodía me pareció sentir en el rostro una leve brisa que soplaba desde el sur-sudeste. Esto me alentó un poco, especialmente, cuando al cabo de media hora, la brisa se transformó en un pequeño ventarrón. A estas alturas, me encontraba a una distancia alarmante de la isla y, de haberse producido neblina, otro habría sido mi destino, pues no llevaba brújula a bordo y no habría sabido en qué dirección avanzar para alcanzar la isla, si acaso la perdía de vista. Mas el tiempo se mantenía claro y me dispuse a levantar el mástil y extender la vela, siempre tratando de mantenerme enfilando hacia el norte para evitar la corriente.

Apenas terminé de poner el mástil y la vela, el bote comenzó a deslizarse más de prisa. Advertí, por la transparencia del agua, que acababa de producirse un cambio en la corriente, porque cuando esta estaba fuerte, el agua era turbia y ahora, que estaba más clara, me parecía que su fuerza había disminuido. A media legua hacia el este, el mar rompía sobre unas rocas que dividían la corriente en dos brazos. Mientras el brazo principal fluía hacia el sur, dejando los escollos al noreste, el otro regresaba, después de romper en las rocas, y formaba una fuerte corriente que se dirigía hacia el noroeste.

Aquellos que hayan recibido un perdón al pie del cadalso, que hayan sido liberados de los asesinos en el último momento, o que se hayan visto en peligros tan extremos como estos, podrán adivinar mi alegría cuando pude dirigir mi piragua hacia esta corriente y desplegar mis velas al viento, que me impulsaba hacia delante, con una fuerte marea por debajo.

Esta corriente me llevó cerca de una legua en dirección a la isla pero cerca de dos leguas más hacia el norte que la primera que me arrastró a la deriva, de modo que, cuando me acerqué a la isla, estaba frente a la costa septentrional, es decir, en la ribera opuesta a aquella de donde había salido.

Cuando había recorrido un poco más de una legua con la ayuda de esta corriente, advertí que se estaba agotando y ya no me servía de mucho. No obstante, descubrí que entre las dos corrientes, es decir, la que estaba al sur, que me había alejado de la isla, y la que estaba al norte, que estaba a una legua del otro lado, el agua estaba en calma y no me impulsaba en ninguna dirección. Mas gracias a una brisa, que me resultaba favorable, seguí avanzando hacia la costa, aunque no tan de prisa como antes.

Hacia las cuatro de la tarde, cuando estaba casi a una legua de la isla, divisé las rocas que causaron este desastre, que se extendían, como he dicho antes, hacia el sur. Evidente mente, habían formado otro remolino hacia el norte, que, según podía observar, era muy fuerte pero no estaba en mi rumbo, que era hacia el oeste. No obstante, con la ayuda del viento, crucé esta corriente hacia el noroeste, en dirección oblicua, y en una hora me hallaba a una milla de la costa. Allí, el agua estaba en calma y muy pronto llegué a la orilla.

Cuando puse los pies en tierra, caí de rodillas y di gracias a Dios por haberme salvado y decidí abandonar todas mis ideas de escapar. Me repuse con los alimentos que había traído y acerqué el bote hasta la playa, lo coloqué en una pequeña cala que descubrí bajo unos árboles y me eché a dormir porque estaba agotado a causa de los esfuerzos y fatigas del viaje.

Ahora no sabía con certeza qué dirección tomar para volver a casa con el bote. Había corrido tantos riesgos y conocía tan bien la situación, que no estaba dispuesto a regresar por la ruta por la que había venido. Tampoco sabía qué podía encontrar en la otra orilla (es decir, en la occidental), ni tenía intenciones de volver a aventurarme. Por tanto, a la mañana siguiente, resolví recorrer la costa en dirección oeste y ver si encontraba algún río donde pudiera dejar a salvo la piragua para disponer de ella si la necesitaba. Al cabo de tres millas, más o menos, mientras avanzaba por la costa, llegué a una excelente bahía o ensenada, que medía cerca de una milla y que se iba estrechando hasta la desembocadura de un riachuelo. Esta ensenada sirvió de puerto a mi piragua, y pude dejarla como si fuese un pequeño atracadero construido especialmente para ella. Me adentré en la bahía y, después de asegurar mi piragua, me encaminé hacia la costa para explorar y ver dónde me hallaba.

Pronto descubrí que no había avanzado mucho más allá del lugar donde había estado la vez que había hecho la expedición a pie, de modo que solo saqué del bote la escopeta y la sombrilla, pues hacía mucho calor, y emprendí la marcha. El camino resultaba muy agradable, después de un viaje como el que había hecho. Por la tarde, llegué a mi viejo emparrado y lo encontré todo como lo había dejado, ya que siempre lo dejaba todo en orden, pues lo consideraba mi casa de campo.

Atravesé la verja y me recosté a la sombra a descansar mis cansados huesos, pues estaba extenuado, y me dormí enseguida. Mas, juzgad vosotros, que leéis mi historia, la sorpresa que me llevé cuando una voz me despertó diciendo: «Robinson, Robinson, Robinson Crusoe, pobre Robinson Crusoe. ¿Dónde estás, Robinson Crusoe? ¿Dónde estás? ¿Dónde has estado?»

Al principio, estaba tan profundamente dormido, por el cansancio de haber remado o bogado, como suele decirse, durante la primera parte del día y por la caminata de la tar de, que no llegué a despertarme del todo, sino que me quedé entre dormido y despierto y pensé que estaba soñando que alguien me hablaba. Como la voz siguió llamándome: «Robinson Crusoe, Robinson Crusoe», me desperté, muy asustado al principio, y me puse en pie con una gran consternación. Pero tan pronto abrí los ojos, vi a mi Poll, apoyado en el borde del cercado y supe, inmediatamente, que era él quien me llamaba porque ese era el tono lastimero en el que solía hablarle y enseñarle a hablar. Lo había aprendido a la perfección y, posándose en mi dedo, me acercaba el pico a la cara repitiendo: «Pobre Robinson Crusoe. ¿Dónde estás? ¿Dónde has estado? ¿Cómo has llegado hasta aquí?», y otras cosas por el estilo que yo le había enseñado.

No obstante, aunque sabía que había sido el loro y que no podía ser nadie más, pasó un buen rato hasta que me repuse del susto. En primer lugar, me asombraba que hubiese podido llegar hasta allí y, luego, que se quedara en ese sitio y no en otro. Mas como ya sabía que no podía ser otro que mi fiel Poll, me tranquilicé y, extendiendo la mano, lo llamé por su nombre, Poll, y la amistosa criatura, se me acercó, se apoyó en mi pulgar y, como de costumbre, acercó el pico a mi rostro y continuó hablando conmigo: «Pobre Robinson Crusoe. ¿Cómo has llegado hasta aquí? ¿Dónde has estado?», como si se hubiese alegrado de verme nuevamente. Así, me lo traje a casa conmigo.

Estaba saturado de los reveses del mar, lo suficiente para meditar durante varios días sobre los peligros a los que me había expuesto. Me habría gustado traer mi bote de vuelta, de este lado de la isla pero no sabía cómo hacerlo. Sabía que no volvería a aventurarme por la costa oriental, en la que ya había estado, pues el corazón se me apretaba y se me helaba la sangre al pensarlo. No sabía lo que podía encontrar en la otra costa pero, si la corriente tenía la misma fuerza que en la costa oriental, correría el mismo riesgo de ser arrastrado por el agua y alejado de la isla. Con estas razones, me resigné a la idea de no tener ningún bote, aunque hubiese sido el producto de muchos meses de trabajo, no solo para construirlo sino para echarlo al mar.

Habiendo controlado mis impulsos, podrán imaginarse que viví un año en un estado de paz y sosiego. Mis pensamientos se ajustaban perfectamente a mi situación, me sen tía plenamente satisfecho con las disposiciones de la Providencia y estaba convencido de que vivía una existencia feliz, si no consideraba la falta de compañía.

En este tiempo, perfeccioné mis destrezas manuales, a las que me aplicaba según mis necesidades y creo que llegué a convertirme en un buen carpintero, en especial, si se tenía en cuenta que disponía de muy pocas herramientas. Aparte de esto, llegué a dominar el arte de la alfarería y logré trabajar con un torno, lo que me pareció infinitamente más fácil y mejor, porque podía redondear y darles forma a los objetos que al principio eran ofensivos a la vista. Mas, creo que nunca me sentí tan orgulloso de una obra, ni tan feliz por haberla realizado, que cuando descubrí el modo de hacer una pipa. A pesar de que, una vez terminada, era una pieza fea y tosca, hecha de barro rojo, como mis otros cacharros, era fuerte y sólida y pasaba bien el humo, lo que me proporcionó una gran satisfacción porque estaba acostumbrado a fumar. A bordo del barco había varias pipas pero, al principio, no les hice caso porque no sabía que encontraría tabaco en la isla pero, más tarde, cuando regresé por ellas, no pude encontrar ninguna.

También hice grandes adelantos en la cestería. Tejí muchos cestos, que, aunque no eran muy elegantes, estaban tan bien hechos como mi imaginación me lo había permitido y, además, eran prácticos y útiles para ordenar y transportar algunas cosas. Por ejemplo, si mataba una cabra, podía colgarla de un árbol, desollarla, cortarla en trozos y traerla a casa en uno de los cestos. Lo mismo hacía con las tortugas: las cortaba, les sacaba los huevos y separaba uno o dos pedazos de carne, que eran suficientes para mí, y traía todo a casa, dejando atrás el resto. Los cestos grandes y profundos me servían para guardar el grano, que siempre desgranaba apenas estaba seco.

Comencé a darme cuenta de que la pólvora disminuía considerablemente y esto era algo que me resultaba imposible producir. Me puse a pensar muy seriamente en lo que haría cuando se acabara, es decir, en cómo iba a matar las cabras. Como ya he dicho, en mi tercer año de permanencia en la isla, capturé una pequeña cabra y la domestiqué con la esperanza de encontrar un macho, pero no lo conseguí. Esta cabra creció, no tuve corazón para matarla y, finalmente, murió de vieja.

Pero estaba en el undécimo año de mi residencia y, como he dicho, las municiones comenzaban a escasear, de modo que me dediqué a estudiar algún medio para atrapar o capturar viva alguna cabra, preferiblemente una hembra con cría.

Con este fin, tejí algunas redes y creo que más de una cayó en ellas. Pero mis lazos no eran fuertes, porque no tenía alambre, y siempre los encontraba rotos y con el cebo comido. Finalmente, decidí hacer trampas. Cavé varios fosos en la tierra, en sitios donde, según había observado, solían pastar las cabras y, sobre ellos, coloqué un entramado, que yo mismo hice, con bastante peso encima. Algunas veces, dejaba espigas de cebada y arroz sin colocar la trampa, y podía observar, por las huellas de sus patas, que las cabras se las habían comido. Finalmente, una noche coloqué tres trampas y, a la mañana siguiente, las encontré intactas, aunque el cebo había sido devorado, lo cual me desalentó mucho. No obstante, alteré mi trampa y, para no incomodaros con los detalles, diré que, a la mañana siguiente, encontré un macho cabrío en una de ellas y tres cabritos, un macho y dos hembras, en otra.

No sabía qué hacer con el macho cabrío porque era muy arisco y no me atrevía a descender al foso para capturarlo, como era mi intención. Habría podido matarlo pero esto no era lo que quería, ni resolvía mi problema; así que lo solté y salió huyendo despavorido. En aquel momento, no sabía algo que aprendí más tarde: que el hambre puede amansar incluso a un león. Si lo hubiese dejado en la trampa tres o cuatro días sin alimento y le hubiese llevado un poco de agua, primeramente, y, luego, un poco de grano, se habría vuelto tan manso como los pequeños, ya que las cabras son animales muy sagaces y dóciles, si se tratan adecuadamente.

No obstante, lo dejé ir, porque no se me ocurrió nada mejor en el momento. Entonces fui donde los más pequeños, los cogí, uno a uno, los amarré a todos juntos con un cordel y los traje a casa sin ninguna dificultad.

Pasó un tiempo antes de que comenzaran a comer pero los tenté con un poco de grano dulce y comenzaron a domesticarse. Ahora me daba cuenta de que el único medio que tenía de abastecerme de carne de cabra cuando se me acabara la pólvora, era domesticarlas y criarlas. De este modo, las tendría alrededor de mi casa como si fuesen un rebaño de ovejas.

Luego pensé que debía separar las cabras domésticas de las salvajes, pues, de lo contrario, se volverían salvajes cuando crecieran. Para lograr esto, tenía que cercar una ex tensión de tierra con una valla o empalizada, a fin de evitar que salieran las que estuvieran dentro y que entraran las que estuvieran fuera.

La empresa era demasiado ambiciosa para un solo par de manos. Sin embargo, como sabía que era absolutamente imprescindible, empecé por buscar un terreno adecuado donde hubiera hierba para que se alimentaran, agua para beber y sombra para protegerlas del sol.

Los que saben hacer este tipo de cercados, pensarán que tuve poco ingenio al elegir una pradera o sabana (como las llamamos los ingleses en las colonias occidentales), que tenía muchos árboles en un extremo y dos o tres pequeñas corrientes de agua. Como he dicho, se reirán cuando les diga que, cuando comencé, tenía previsto hacer un cercado de, al menos, dos millas. Mi estupidez no era tan solo ignorar las dimensiones, ya que, seguramente, habría tenido suficiente tiempo para cercar un recinto de casi diez millas, sino pasar por alto que, en semejante extensión de terreno, las cabras habrían seguido siendo tan salvajes como si se encontraran libres por toda la isla y que, si tenía que perseguirlas en un espacio tan grande, no podría atraparlas nunca.

Había construido casi cincuenta yardas de cerca cuando se me ocurrió esto. Interrumpí las labores de inmediato y, para empezar, decidí cercar un terreno de unas ciento cincuenta yardas de largo por cien de ancho. Allí podía mantener, por un tiempo razonable, a los animales que capturara y, a medida que fuera aumentando el rebaño, ampliaría mi cercado.

Esto era actuar con prudencia y reanudé mis labores con nuevos bríos. Me tomó casi tres meses hacer el primer cercado. Durante este tiempo, mantuve a los cabritos en la mejor parte del terreno y los hacía comer tan cerca de mí como fuera posible para que se acostumbraran a mi presencia. A menudo les llevaba algunas espigas de cebada o un puñado de arroz para que comieran de mi mano. De este modo, cuando terminé la valla y los solté, me seguían de un lado a otro, balando para que les diera un puñado de grano.

Esto solucionaba mi problema y, al cabo de un año y medio, tenía un rebaño de doce cabras, con crías y todo. En dos años más, tenía cuarenta y tres, sin contar las que había matado para comer. Posteriormente, cerqué otros cinco predios e hice pequeños corrales donde las conducía cuando tenía que coger alguna, con puertas que comunicaban un predio con otro.

Pero esto no es todo, pues ya no solo tenía carne de cabra para comer a mi antojo sino también leche, algo que ni se me había ocurrido al principio y que, cuando lo descubrí, me proporcionó una agradable sorpresa. Ahora tenía mi lechería y, a veces, sacaba uno o dos galones de leche diarios. Y como la naturaleza, que proporciona alimentos a todas sus criaturas, también les muestra cómo hacer uso de ellos, yo, que jamás había ordeñado una vaca, y mucho menos una cabra, ni había visto hacer mantequilla ni queso, aprendí a hacer ambas cosas rápida y eficazmente, después de varios intentos y fracasos, y ya nunca volvieron a faltarme.

¡Cuán misericordioso puede ser nuestro Creador con sus criaturas, aun cuando parece que están al borde de la muerte y la destrucción! ¡Hasta qué punto puede dulcificar las circunstancias más amargas y darnos motivos para alabarlo, incluso desde celdas y calabozos! ¡Qué mesa había servido para mí en medio del desierto, donde al principio tan solo pensaba que iba a morir de hambre! 

11

Incluso los más estoicos se habrían reído de verme sentado a la mesa, junto a mi pequeña familia, como el príncipe y señor de toda la isla. Tenía absoluto control sobre las vidas de mis súbditos; podía ahorcarlos, aprisionarlos, darles y quitarles la libertad, sin que hubiera un solo rebelde entre ellos.

Del mismo modo que un rey come absolutamente solo y asistido por sus sirvientes, Poll, como si fuese mi favorito, era el único que podía dirigirme la palabra. Mi perro, que ya estaba viejo y maltrecho y que no había encontrado ninguna de su especie para multiplicarse, se sentaba siempre a mi derecha. Los dos gatos se situaban a ambos lados de la mesa, esperando que, de vez en cuando, les diera algo de comer, como muestra de favor especial.

Estos no eran los dos gatos que había traído a tierra en el principio. Aquellos habían muerto y yo los había enterrado, con mis propias manos, cerca de mi casa. Uno de ellos se había multiplicado con un animal, cuya especie no conocía, y yo conservaba estos dos, a los que había domesticado, mientras los otros andaban sueltos por los bosques. Con el tiempo, comenzaron a ocasionarme problemas, pues, a menudo se metían en mi casa y la saqueaban. Finalmente, me vi obligado a dispararles y, después de matar a muchos, me dejaron en paz. De este modo, vivía en la abundancia y bien acompañado, por lo que no podía lamentarme de que me faltase nada, como no fuese la compañía de otros hombres, que, poco después, tendría en demasía.

Estaba impaciente, como he observado, por usar mi piragua, aunque no estaba dispuesto a correr más riesgos. A veces me sentaba a pensar en la forma de traerla por la costa y, otras, me resignaba a la idea de no tenerla a mano. Sentía una extraña inquietud por ir a esa parte de la isla donde, como he dicho, en mi última expedición trepé una colina para ver el aspecto de la orilla y la dirección de las corrientes, a fin de decidir qué iba a hacer. La tentación aumentaba por días y, por fin, decidí hacer una travesía por tierra a lo largo de la costa; y así lo hice. En Inglaterra, cualquiera que se hubiese topado con alguien como yo, se habría asustado o reído a carcajadas. Como a menudo me observaba a mí mismo, no podía dejar de sonreír ante la idea de pasear por Yorkshire con un equipaje y una indumentaria como los que llevaba. Por favor, tomad nota de mi aspecto. Llevaba un gran sombrero sin forma, hecho de piel de cabra con un colgajo en la parte de atrás, que servía para protegerme la nuca de los rayos del sol o de la lluvia, ya que no hay nada más nocivo en estos climas como la lluvia que se cuela entre la ropa. levaba una casaca corta de piel de cabra, con faldones que me llegaban a mitad de los muslos y un par de calzones abiertos en las rodillas. Estos estaban hechos con la piel de un viejo macho cabrío, cuyo pelo me colgaba a cada lado del pantalón hasta las pantorrillas. No tenía calcetines ni zapatos pero me había fabricado un par de cosas que no sé cómo llamar, algo así como unas botas, que me cubrían las piernas y se abrochaban a los lados como polainas, pero tan extravagantes como el resto de mi indumentaria. Llevaba un grueso cinturón de cuero de cabra desecado, cuyos extremos, a falta de hebilla, ataba con dos correas del mismo material. A un lado del cinturón, y a modo de puñal, llevaba una pequeña sierra y, al otro, un hacha. Llevaba, cruzado por el hombro izquierdo, otro cinturón más delgado, que se abrochaba del mismo modo y del que colgaban dos sacos, también de cuero de cabra; en uno de ellos cargaba la pólvora y en el otro las municiones. A la espalda llevaba un cesto, al hombro una escopeta y sobre la cabeza, una enorme y espantosa sombrilla de piel de cabra que, con todo, era lo que más falta me hacía, después de mi escopeta. El color de mi piel no era exactamente el de los mulatos, como podría esperarse en un hombre que no se cuidaba demasiado y que vivía a nueve o diez grados de la línea del ecuador. Una vez me dejé crecer la barba casi una cuarta pero como tenía suficientes tijeras y navajas, la corté muy corta, excepto la que crecía sobre los labios que me arreglé a modo de bigotes mahometanos como los que usaban los turcos de Salé, pues, contrario a los moros, que no los utilizaban, los turcos los llevaban así. De estos mostachos o bigotes diré que eran lo suficientemente largos para colgar de ellos un sombrero de dimensiones tan monstruosas que en Inglaterra se consideraría espantoso.

Dicho sea de paso, como no había nadie que pudiese verme en estas condiciones, mi aspecto me importaba muy poco y, por lo tanto, no hablaré más de él. De esta guisa, emprendí mi nuevo viaje, que duró cinco o seis días. En primer lugar, anduve por la costa hasta el lugar donde había anclado el bote la primera vez para subir a las rocas. Como ahora no tenía que cuidar del bote, hice el trayecto por tierra y escogí un camino más corto para llegar a la misma colina desde la que había observado la punta de arrecifes por la que tuve que doblar con la piragua. Me sorprendió ver que el mar estaba totalmente en calma, sin agitaciones, movimientos ni corrientes, fuera de las habituales.

Me costaba mucho trabajo comprender esto así que decidí pasar un tiempo observando para ver si había sido ocasionado por los cambios de la marea. No tardé en darme cuenta de que el cambio lo producía el reflujo que partía del oeste y se unía con la corriente de algún río cuando desembocaba en el mar. Según la dirección del viento, norte u oeste, la corriente fluía hacia la costa o se alejaba de ella. Me quedé en los alrededores hasta la noche y volví a subir a la colina. El reflujo se había vuelto a formar y pude ver claramente la corriente, como al principio, solo que esta vez llegaba más lejos, casi a media legua de la orilla. En mi caso, estaba más cerca de la costa y, por tanto, me arrastró junto con mi canoa, cosa que no habría pasado en otro momento.

Este descubrimiento me convenció de que no tenía más que observar el flujo y el reflujo de la marea para saber cuándo podía traer mi piragua de vuelta. Mas cuando decidí poner en práctica este plan, sentía tanto terror al recordar los peligros que había sufrido, que no podía pensar en ello sin sobresaltos. Por tanto, tomé otra resolución que me pareció más segura, aunque, también, más laboriosa, que consistía en construir o hacer otra piragua o canoa para, así, tener una a cada lado de la isla.

Podéis comprender que ahora tenía, por así decirlo, dos fincas en la isla. Una de ellas era mi pequeña fortificación o tienda, rodeada por la muralla al pie de la roca, con la cueva detrás y, a estas alturas, con dos nuevas cámaras que se comunicaban entre sí. En la más seca y espaciosa de las cámaras, había una puerta que daba al exterior de la muralla o verja, o sea, hacia fuera del muro que se unía a la roca. Allí tenía dos grandes cacharros de barro, que ya he descrito con lujo de detalles, y catorce o quince cestos de gran tamaño, con capacidad para almacenar cinco o seis fanegas de grano cada uno. En ellos guardaba mis provisiones, en especial el grano, que desgranaba con mis manos o que conservaba en las espigas, cortadas al ras del tallo.

Los troncos y estacas con los que había construido la muralla, se prendieron a la tierra y se convirtieron en enormes árboles, que se extendieron tanto que nadie podía imaginarse que detrás de ellos había una vivienda.

Cerca de mi morada, pero un poco más hacia el centro de la isla y sobre un terreno más elevado, estaba el sembradío de grano, que cultivaba y cosechaba a su debido tiempo. Si tenía necesidad de más grano podía extenderlo hacia los terrenos contiguos que eran igualmente adecuados para el cultivo.

Aparte de esta, tenía mi casa de campo, donde también poseía una finca aceptable. Allí tenía mi emparrado, como solía llamarlo, que conservaba siempre en buen estado; es decir, mantenía el seto que lo circundaba perfectamente podado, dejando siempre la escalera por dentro. Cuidaba los árboles que, al principio, no eran más que estacas que luego crecieron hasta formar un seto sólido y firme. Los cortaba de modo que siguieran creciendo y formaran un follaje fuerte y tupido, que diera una sombra agradable, como, en efecto, ocurrió, conforme a mis deseos. En medio de este espacio, tenía mi tienda siempre puesta: un trozo de tela extendida sobre estacas que nunca tuve que reparar o renovar. Debajo de la tienda había hecho un lecho o cama con las pieles de los animales que mataba y otros materiales suaves. Tenía, además, una manta que había pertenecido a una de las camas del barco y una gran capa con la que me cubría. Cada vez que podía ausentarme de mi residencia principal, venía a pasar un tiempo en mi casa de campo.

Junto a esta casa, tenía los corrales para el ganado, es decir, mis cabras. Como había tenido que hacer esfuerzos inconcebibles para cercarlos, cuidaba con infinito celo que la valla se mantuviese entera, evitando que las cabras la rompiesen. Tanto estuve en esto que, después de mucho trabajo, logré cubrir la parte exterior con pequeñas estacas, tan próximas unas a otras, que más que una valla, formaban una empalizada, pues apenas quedaba espacio para pasar una mano a través de ella. Más tarde, durante la siguiente estación de lluvias, las estacas brotaron y crecieron hasta formar un cerco tan fuerte como una pared, o quizás más.

Todo esto da testimonio de que nunca estaba ocioso y que no escatimaba en esfuerzos para hacer todo lo que consideraba necesario para mi bienestar. Me parecía que tener un rebaño de animales domésticos era disponer de una reserva viviente de carne, leche, mantequilla y queso, que no se agotaría mientras viviese allí, así pasaran cuarenta años. La posibilidad de conservar esa reserva dependía exclusivamente de que fuera capaz de perfeccionar los corrales para mantener los animales unidos, cosa que logré con tanto éxito que cuando las estacas comenzaron a crecer, como las había plantado tan cerca unas de otras, me vi obligado a arrancar algunas de ellas.

En este lugar también crecían mis uvas, de las que dependía, principalmente, mi provisión de pasas para el invierno y las preservaba con gran cuidado, pues eran el mejor y más agradable bocado de mi dieta. En verdad no solo eran agradables sino ricas, nutritivas y deliciosas en extremo.

Como el emparrado quedaba a mitad de camino entre mi otra morada y el lugar en el que había dejado la piragua, normalmente dormía allí cuando hacía el recorrido entre uno y otro punto, pues a menudo iba a la piragua y conservaba todas sus cosas en orden. A veces iba solo por divertirme, pues no estaba dispuesto a hacer más viajes peligrosos ni alejarme más de uno o dos tiros de piedra de la orilla; tal era mi temor de volver a ser arrastrado sin darme cuenta por la corriente o el viento o sufrir cualquier otro accidente. Pero ahora comienza una nueva etapa de mi vida.

Un día, a eso del mediodía, cuando me dirigía a mi piragua, me sorprendió enormemente descubrir las huellas de un pie desnudo, perfectamente marcadas sobre la arena. Me detuve estupefacto, como abatido por un rayo o como si hubiese visto un fantasma. Escuche y miré a mi alrededor pero no percibí nada. Subí a un montículo para poder observar, recorrí con la vista toda la playa, a lo largo y a lo ancho, pero no hallé nada más. Volví a ellas para ver si había más y para confirmar que todo esto no fuera producto de mi imaginación pero no era así. Allí estaba muy clara la huella de un pie, con sus dedos, su talón y todas sus partes. No sabía, ni podía imaginar, cómo había llegado hasta allí. Después de darle mil vueltas en la cabeza, como un hombre completamente confundido y fuera de sí, regresé a mi fortificación, sin sentir, como se dice por ahí, la tierra bajo mis pies, aterrado hasta mis límites, mirando hacia atrás cada dos o tres pasos, imaginando que cada árbol o arbusto, que cada bulto en la distancia podía ser un hombre. No es posible describir las diversas formas que mi mente trastornada atribuía a todo lo que veía; cuántas ideas descabelladas se me ocurrieron y cuántos pensamientos extraños me pasaron por la cabeza en el caminó.

Cuando llegué a mi castillo, pues creo que así lo llamé desde entonces, me refugié en él como alguien a quien persiguen. No puedo recordar si entré por la escalera o por la puerta de la roca, ni pude hacerlo a la mañana siguiente, pues jamás hubo liebre o zorra asustada que huyese a ocultarse en su madriguera con mayor terror que el mío en ese momento.

No dormí en toda la noche. Mientras más lejos estaba de la causa de mi miedo, más crecían mis aprensiones, contrario a lo que suele ocurrir en estos casos y, sobre todo, a la conducta habitual de los animales atemorizados. Pero estaba tan aturdido por los terrores que imaginaba, que no tenía más que pensamientos funestos, aunque en aquel momento me encontrara fuera de peligro. A veces, pensaba que podía ser el demonio y razonaba de la siguiente manera: ¿Quién si no puede llegar hasta aquí asumiendo una forma humana? ¿Dónde estaba el barco que los había traído? ¿Acaso había huellas de otros pies? ¿Cómo es posible que un hombre haya llegado hasta aquí? Mas, luego me preguntaba, igualmente confundido, por qué Satanás asumiría una forma humana en un lugar como este, sin otro fin que dejar una huella y sin tener la certeza de que yo la vería. Pensaba que el demonio debía tener muchos otros medios para aterrorizarme, más convincentes que una huella en la arena, pues viviendo al otro lado de la isla, no podía ser tan ingenuo como para dejar la huella en un lugar en el que había una entre diez mil posibilidades de que la descubriera, más aún, cuando tan solo una ráfaga de viento habría sido suficiente para que el mar la hubiese borrado completamente. Nada de esto concordaba con las nociones que solemos tener de las sutilezas del demonio, ni tenía sentido en sí mismo.

Estas y muchas otras razones me convencieron de abandonar mi temor a que se tratara del demonio y pensé que acaso se tratara de algo más peligroso aún, por ejemplo, salvajes de la tierra firme que rondaban por el mar en sus canoas y que impulsados por la corriente o el viento, habían llegado a la isla, habían estado en la playa y luego se habían marchado, tan poco dispuestos a quedarse en esta isla desierta como yo a tenerlos cerca.

Mientras estas ideas daban vueltas en mi cabeza, me sentí muy agradecido por no haberme encontrado allí en ese momento y porque no hubiesen visto mi piragua, lo cual, les habría advertido de la presencia de habitantes en la isla y, acaso, les habría incitado a buscarme. Entonces me asaltaron terribles pensamientos y temí que hubiesen descubierto mi piragua y que, por eso, supieran que la isla estaba habitada. Si esto era así, sin duda, vendrían muchos de ellos a devorarme y, si no lograban encontrarme, descubrirían mi refugio, destruirían todo mi grano, se llevarían todo mi rebaño de cabras domésticas y yo moriría de hambre y necesidad.

El temor borró toda mi esperanza religiosa. Toda mi antigua confianza en Dios, fundada en las maravillosas pruebas de su bondad, se desvanecía ahora, como si Él, que me había alimentado milagrosamente, no pudiese salvar, con su poder, los bienes que su bondad me había conferido. Me reproché mi comodidad, por no haber sembrado más grano que el necesario para un año, como si estuviese exento de cualquier accidente que destruyera la cosecha, y consideré tan merecido este reproche, que decidí, en lo sucesivo, proveerme de antemano con grano para dos o tres años, a fin de no correr el riesgo de morir por falta de pan, si algo ocurría.

¡Qué misteriosos son los caminos por los que obra la Providencia en la vida de un hombre! ¡Qué secretos y contradictorios impulsos mueven nuestros afectos, conforme a las circunstancias en las que nos hallamos! Hoy amamos lo que mañana odiaremos. Hoy buscamos lo que mañana rehuiremos. Hoy deseamos lo que mañana nos asustará e, incluso, nos hará temblar de miedo. En este momento, yo era un testimonio viviente de esa verdad pues, siendo un hombre cuya mayor aflicción era haber sido erradicado de toda compañía humana, que estaba rodeado únicamente por el infinito océano, separado de la sociedad y condenado a una vida silenciosa; yo, que era un hombre a quien el cielo había considerado indigno de vivir entre sus semejantes o de figurar entre las criaturas del Señor; un hombre a quien el solo hecho de ver a uno de su especie le habría parecido como regresar a la vida después de la muerte o la mayor bendición que el cielo pudiera prodigarle, después del don supremo de la salvación eterna; digo que, ahora temblaba ante el temor de ver a un hombre y estaba dispuesto a meterme bajo la tierra, ante la sombra o la silenciosa aparición de un hombre en esta isla.

Estas vicisitudes de la vida humana, que después me provocaron curiosas reflexiones, una vez me hube repuesto de la sorpresa inicial, me llevaron a considerar que esto era lo que la infinitamente sabia y bondadosa Providencia divina había deparado para mí. Como no podía prever los fines que perseguía su divina sabiduría, no debía disputar sus decretos, puesto que Él era mi Creador y tenía el derecho irrevocable de hacer conmigo según su voluntad. Yo era una criatura que lo había ofendido y, por lo tanto, podía condenarme al castigo que le pareciera adecuado y a mí me correspondía someterme a su cólera porque había pecado contra Él.

Pensé que si Dios, que era justo y omnipotente, había considerado correcto castigarme y afligirme, también podía salvarme y, si esto no le parecía justo, mi deber era acatar completamente su voluntad. Por otro lado, también era mi deber tener fe en Él, rezarle y esperar con calma los dictados y órdenes de su Providencia cada día.

Estos pensamientos me ocuparon muchas horas, mejor dicho, muchos días, incluso, podría decir que semanas y meses, y no puedo omitir uno de los efectos de estas reflexiones: Una mañana, muy temprano, estaba en la cama, con el alma oprimida por la preocupación de los salvajes, lo que me abatía profundamente y, de pronto recordé estas palabras de las escrituras: Invócame en el día de tu aflicción que yo te salvaré y tú me glorificarás.

Entonces, me levanté alegremente de la cama, con el corazón lleno de confianza y la convicción de que le rezaría fervorosamente a Dios por mi salvación. Cuando terminé de rezar, cogí la Biblia y, al abrirla, tropecé con las siguientes palabras: Aguarda al Señor y ten valor y Él fortalecerá tu corazón; aguarda, he dicho, al Señor. No es posible expresar hasta qué punto me reconfortaron estas palabras. Agradecido, dejé el libro y no volví a sentirme triste; al menos, por esta vez.

En medio de estas meditaciones, miedos y reflexiones, un día se me ocurrió que todo esto podía ser, simplemente, una fantasía creada por mi imaginación y que aquella huella bien podía ser mía, dejada en alguna de las ocasiones que fui a la piragua. Esta idea me reanimó y comencé a persuadirme de que todo era una ilusión, que no era otra cosa que la huella de mi propio pie. ¿Acaso no había podido tomar ese camino para ir o para regresar de la piragua? Por otra parte, reconocía que no podía recordar la ruta que había escogido y comprendí, que si esta huella era mía, había hecho el papel de los tontos que se esfuerzan por contar historias de espectros y aparecidos y terminan asustándose más que los demás.

Entonces me armé de valor y comencé a asomarme fuera de mi refugio. Hacía tres días y tres noches que no salía de mi castillo y comencé a sentir la necesidad de ali mentarme, pues dentro solo tenía agua y algunas galletas de cebada. Además, debía ordeñar mis cabras, lo cual era mi entretenimiento nocturno, ya que las pobres estarían sufriendo fuertes dolores y molestias, como, en efecto, ocurrió, pues a algunas se les secó la leche.

Fortalecido por la convicción de que la huella era la de mis propios pies, pues he de decir que tenía miedo hasta de mi sombra, me arriesgué a ir a mi casa de campo para ordeñar mi rebaño. Si alguien hubiese podido ver el miedo con el que avanzaba, mirando constantemente hacia atrás, a punto de soltar el cesto y echar a huir para salvarme, me habría tomado por un hombre acosado por la mala conciencia o que, recientemente, hubiera sufrido un susto terrible, lo cual, en efecto, era cierto.

No obstante, al cabo de tres días de salir sin encontrar nada, comencé a sentir más valor y a pensar que, en realidad, todo había sido producto de mi imaginación. Mas no logré convencerme totalmente hasta que fui nuevamente a la playa para medir la huella y ver si había alguna evidencia de que se trataba de la huella de mi propio pie. Cuando llegué al sitio, comprobé, en primer lugar, que cuando me alejé de la piragua, no pude haber pasado por allí ni por los alrededores. En segundo lugar, al medir la huella me di cuenta de que era mucho mayor que la de mi pie. Estos dos hallazgos me llenaron la cabeza de nuevas fantasías y me inquietaron sobremanera. Un escalofrío me recorrió todo el cuerpo, como si tuviera fiebre, y regresé a casa con la idea de que, no uno, sino varios hombres, habían desembarcado en aquellas costas. En pocas palabras, la isla estaba habitada y podía ser tomado por sorpresa. Mas no sabía qué medidas tomar para mi seguridad.

¡Oh, qué absurdas resoluciones adoptan los hombres cuando son poseídos por el miedo, que les impide utilizar la razón para su alivio! Lo primero que pensé fue destruir to dos los corrales y devolver mis rebaños a los bosques, para que el enemigo no los encontrase y dejara de venir a la isla con este propósito. A continuación, excavaría mis dos campos de cereal con el fin de que no encontraran el grano, y se les quitaran las ganas de volver. Luego demolería el emparrado y la tienda para que no hallaran vestigios de mi morada y se sintieran inclinados a buscar más allá, para encontrar a sus habitantes.

Este fue el tema de mis reflexiones durante la noche que pasé en casa después de mi regreso, cuando las aprensiones que se habían apoderado de mi mente y los humos de mi cerebro estaban aún frescos. El miedo al peligro es diez mil veces peor que el peligro mismo y el peso de la ansiedad es mayor que el del mal que la provoca. Mas, lo peor de todo aquello era que estaba tan inquieto que no era capaz de encontrar alivio en la resignación, como antes lo hacía y como me creía capaz de hacer. Me parecía a Saúl, que no solo se quejaba de la persecución de los filisteos, sino de que Dios le hubiese abandonado. No tomaba las medidas necesarias para recomponer mi espíritu, gritando a Dios mi desventura y confiando en su Providencia, como lo había hecho antes para mi alivio y salvación. De haberlo hecho, al menos me habría sentido más reconfortado ante esta nueva eventualidad y quizás la habría asumido con mayor resolución.

Esta confusión de pensamientos me mantuvo despierto toda la noche pero por la mañana me quedé dormido. La fatiga de mi alma y el agotamiento de mi espíritu me procuraron un sueño profundo y el despertar más tranquilo que había tenido en mucho tiempo. Ahora comenzaba a pensar con serenidad y, después de mucho debatirme, concluí que esta isla, tan agradable, fértil y próxima a la tierra firme, no estaba abandonada del todo, como hasta entonces había creído. Si bien no tenía habitantes fijos, a veces podían llegar hasta ella algunos botes, ya fuera intencionadamente o por casualidad, impulsados por los vientos contrarios. Habiendo vivido quince años en este lugar, y no habiendo encontrado aún el menor rastro o vestigio humano, lo más probable era que, si alguna vez llegaban hasta aquí, se marchasen tan pronto les fuese posible, pues, por lo visto, no les había parecido conveniente establecerse allí hasta ahora. El mayor peligro que podía imaginar era el de un posible desembarco accidental de gentes de tierra firme, que, según parecía, estaban en la isla en contra de su voluntad, de modo que se alejarían rápidamente de ella tan pronto pudiesen y tan solo pasarían una noche en la playa para emprender el viaje de regreso con la ayuda de la marea y la luz del día. En este caso, lo único que debía hacer era conseguir un refugio seguro, por si veía a alguien desembarcar en ese lugar.

Ahora comenzaba a arrepentirme de haber ampliado mi cueva y hacer una puerta hacia el exterior, que se abriera más allá de donde la muralla de mi fortificación se unía a la roca. Después de una reflexión madura y concienzuda, decidí construir una segunda fortificación en forma de semicírculo, a cierta distancia de la muralla en el mismo lugar donde, hacía doce años, había plantado una doble hilera de árboles, de la cual ya he hecho mención. Había plantado estos árboles tan próximos unos a otros, que si agregaba unas cuantas estacas entre ellos, formaría una muralla mucho más gruesa y resistente que la que tenía.

De este modo, ahora tenía una doble muralla pues había reforzado la interior con pedazos de madera, cables viejos y todo lo que me pareció conveniente para ello y le había dejado siete perforaciones lo suficientemente grandes como para que pudiese pasar un brazo a través de ellas. En la parte inferior, mi muro llegó a tener un espesor de diez pies, gracias a la tierra que continuamente extraía de la cueva y que amontonaba y apisonaba al pie del mismo. A través de las siete perforaciones coloqué los mosquetes, de los cuales había rescatado siete del naufragio, los dispuse como si fuesen cañones y los ajusté a una armazón que los sostenía, de manera que en dos minutos podía disparar toda mi artillería. Me tomó varios meses extenuantes terminar esta muralla y no me sentí seguro hasta haberlo conseguido.

Hecho esto, por la parte exterior de la muralla y a lo largo de una gran extensión de tierra, planté una infinidad de palos o estacas de un árbol parecido al sauce, que, según había comprobado, crecía muy rápidamente. Creo que planté cerca de veinte mil, dejando entre ellas y la muralla espacio suficiente para ver al enemigo sin que pudiese ocultarse entre ellas, si intentaba acercarse a mi muralla.

Al cabo de dos años tuve un espeso bosquecillo y, en cinco o seis, tenía un auténtico bosque frente a mi morada, que crecía tan desmedidamente fuerte y tupido, que resulta ba verdaderamente inexpugnable. No había hombre ni criatura viviente que pudiese imaginar que detrás de aquello había algo, mucho menos una morada. Como no había dejado camino para entrar, utilizaba dos escaleras. Con la primera pasaba a un lugar donde la roca era más baja y podía colocar la segunda escalera. Cuando retiraba ambas, era imposible que un hombre viniera detrás de mí sin hacerse daño y, en caso de que pudiese entrar, se hallaría aún fuera de mi muralla exterior.

De este modo, tomé todas las medidas que la humana prudencia pudiera recomendar para mi propia conservación. Más adelante se verá que no fueron del todo inútiles, aunque en aquel momento no obedecieran más que a mi propio temor. 

12

Mientras realizaba estas tareas, no abandonaba mis otros asuntos. Me ocupaba, sobre todo, de mi pequeño rebaño de cabras, que no solo era mi reserva de alimentos para lo que pudiese ocurrir, sino que me servían para abastecerme sin necesidad de gastar pólvora y municiones y me ahorraban la fatiga de salir a cazar. Por lo tanto, no quería perder estas ventajas y verme obligado a tener que criarlas nuevamente.

Después de considerarlo durante mucho tiempo, encontré dos formas de protegerlas. La primera era hallar un lugar apropiado para cavar una cueva subterránea y llevar las allí todas las noches. La otra era cercar dos o tres predios tan distantes unos de otros y tan ocultos como fuese posible, en los cuales pudiese encerrar una media docena de cabras jóvenes. Si algún desastre le ocurría al rebaño, podría criarlas nuevamente en poco tiempo y sin demasiado esfuerzo. Esta última opción, aunque requeriría mucho tiempo y trabajo, me parecía la más razonable.

Consecuentemente con mi plan, pasé un tiempo buscando los parajes más retirados de la isla hasta que hallé uno que lo estaba tanto como hubiese podido desear. Era un pequeño predio húmedo, en medio del espeso monte donde, como ya he dicho, estuve a punto de perderme cuando intentaba regresar a casa desde la parte oriental de la isla. Allí encontré una extensión de tierra de casi tres acres, tan rodeada de bosques que casi era un corral natural o, al menos, no parecía exigir tanto trabajo hacer uno, si lo comparaba con otros terrenos que me habría costado un gran esfuerzo cercar.

Inmediatamente me puse a trabajar y, en menos de un mes, lo había cercado totalmente. Aseguré allí mi ganado o rebaño, como queráis, que ya no era tan salvaje como se podría suponer al principio. Sin demora alguna, llevé diez cabras jóvenes y dos machos cabríos. Mientras tanto, seguía perfeccionando el cerco hasta que resultó tan seguro como el otro y, si bien me tomó bastante más tiempo, fue porque me permití trabajar con mucha más calma.

La causa de todo este trabajo era, únicamente, la huella que había visto y que me provocó grandes aprensiones. Hasta entonces, no había visto acercarse a la isla a ningún ser humano pero desde hacía dos años vivía con esa preocupación que le había quitado tranquilidad a mi existencia, como bien puede imaginar cualquiera que sepa lo que significa vivir acechado constantemente por el temor a los hombres. Además, debo confesar con dolor, la turbación de mi espíritu había afectado notablemente mis pensamientos religiosos y el terror de caer en manos de salvajes y caníbales me oprimía de tal modo, que rara vez me encontraba en disposición de dirigirme a mi Creador. No tenía la calma ni la resignación que solía tener sino que rezaba bajo los efectos de un gran abatimiento y de una dolorosa opresión, temiendo y esperando, cada noche, ser asesinado y devorado antes del amanecer. Debo decir, por mi experiencia, que la paz interior, el agradecimiento, el amor y el afecto son estados de ánimo mucho más adecuados para rezar que el temor y la confusión. Un hombre que está bajo la amenaza de una desgracia inminente, no es más capaz de cumplir sus deberes hacia Dios que uno que yace enfermo en su lecho, ya que esas aflicciones afectan al espíritu como otras afectan al cuerpo y la falta de serenidad debe constituir una incapacidad tan grave como la del cuerpo, y hasta mayor. Rezar es un acto espiritual y no corporal.

Pero prosigamos. Una vez aseguré parte de mi pequeño rebaño, recorrí casi toda la isla en busca de otro sitio apartado que sirviera para hacer un nuevo refugio. Un día, avanzando hacia la costa occidental de la isla, a la que nunca había ido todavía, mientras miraba el mar, me pareció ver un barco a gran distancia. Había rescatado uno o dos catalejos de los arcones de los marineros pero no los traía conmigo y el barco estaba tan distante que apenas podía distinguirlo, a pesar de que lo miré fijamente hasta que mis ojos no pudieron resistirlo. No sabría decir si era o no un barco. Solo sé que resolví no volver a salir sin mi catalejo en el bolsillo.

Cuando bajé la colina hasta el extremo de la isla en el que no había estado nunca, tenía la certeza de que haber visto la huella de una pisada de hombre no era tan extraño como me lo había imaginado. Lo providencial era que hubiese ido a parar al lado de la isla que no frecuentaban los salvajes. Hubiese sido fácil imaginar que, frecuentemente, cuando las canoas que provenían de tierra firme se internaban demasiado en el mar, venían a esa parte de la isla para descansar. Igualmente, como a menudo luchaban en las canoas, los vencedores traían a sus prisioneros a esta orilla donde, conforme a sus pavorosas costumbres, los mataban y se los comían, como veremos más adelante.

Cuando descendí de la colina a la playa y estaba, como he dicho, en el extremo sudoeste de la isla, me llevé una sorpresa que me dejó absolutamente confundido y perplejo. Me resulta imposible explicar el horror que sentí cuando vi, sobre la orilla, un despliegue de calaveras, manos, pies y demás huesos de cuerpos humanos y, en particular, los restos de un lugar donde habían hecho una fogata, en una especie de ruedo, donde acaso aquellos innobles salvajes se sentaron a consumir su festín humano, con los cuerpos de sus semejantes.

Estaba tan estupefacto ante este descubrimiento que, durante mucho tiempo no pensé en el peligro que me acechaba. Todos mi temores quedaron sepultados bajo la impresión que me causó el horror de ver semejante grado de infernal e inhumana brutalidad y tal degeneración de la naturaleza humana. A menudo había oído hablar de ello pero hasta entonces no lo había visto nunca tan de cerca. En pocas palabras, aparté la mirada de ese horrible espectáculo y comencé a sentir un malestar en el estómago. Estaba a punto de desmayarme cuando la naturaleza se ocupó de descargar el malestar de mi estómago y vomité con inusitada violencia, lo cual me alivió un poco. Mas no pude permanecer en ese lugar ni un momento más, así que volví a subir la colina a toda velocidad y regresé a casa.

Cuando me había alejado un poco de aquella parte de la isla, me detuve un rato, como sorprendido. Luego me repuse y, con todo el dolor de mi alma, con los ojos llenos de lá grimas y la vista elevada al cielo, le di gracias a Dios por haberme hecho nacer en una parte del mundo ajena a seres abominables como aquellos y por haberme otorgado tantos privilegios, aun en una situación que yo había considerado miserable. En efecto, tenía más motivos de agradecimiento que de queja y, sobre todo, debía darle gracias a Dios porque aun en esta desventurada situación me había reconfortado con su conocimiento y con la esperanza de su bendición, que era una felicidad que compensaba con creces, toda la miseria que había sufrido o podía sufrir.

Con este agradecimiento regresé a mi castillo y, a partir de ese momento, comencé a sentirme mucho más tranquilo respecto a mi seguridad, pues comprendí que aquellas miserables criaturas no venían a la isla en busca de algo y, tal vez, tampoco deseaban ni esperaban encontrar nada. Seguramente, habían estado en la parte tupida del bosque y no habían encontrado nada que satisficiera sus necesidades. Llevaba dieciocho años viviendo allí sin tropezarme ni una vez con rastros de seres humanos y, por lo tanto, podía pasar dieciocho años más, tan oculto como lo había estado hasta ahora, si no me exponía a ellos. Era poco probable que algo así sucediese, puesto que lo único que tenía que hacer era mantenerme totalmente escondido como siempre lo había hecho y, a menos que encontrase otras criaturas mejores que los caníbales, no me dejaría ver.

Sin embargo, sentía tal aborrecimiento por esos malditos salvajes que he mencionado y de su despreciable e inhumana costumbre de devorar a sus semejantes, que me que dé pensativo y triste y no me alejé de los predios de mi circuito en dos años. Cuando digo mi circuito, me refiero a mis tres fincas, es decir, mi castillo, mi casa de campo, a la que llamaba mi emparrado, y mi corral en el bosque. No seguí buscando otro recinto para las cabras, pues la aversión que sentía hacia aquellas diabólicas criaturas era tal, que me daba tanto miedo verlas a ellas como al demonio en persona. Tampoco volví a visitar mi piragua en todo ese tiempo, sino que preferí hacerme otra, ya que no podía ni pensar en hacer un nuevo intento de traerla a este lado de la isla, pues si me topaba con aquellos seres en el mar y caía en sus manos, sabría muy bien a qué atenerme.

Pero el tiempo y la satisfacción de saber que no corría ningún riesgo de ser descubierto por esa gente, comenzó a disipar mi inquietud y seguí viviendo con la misma calma que hasta entonces, solo que ahora era más precavido y estaba más alerta a lo que ocurría a mi alrededor, no fuera que pudiesen verme. También era más prudente al disparar mi escopeta por si había alguno en la isla que pudiese oírme. Era una gran suerte disponer de un rebaño de cabras domésticas, pues no tenía que cazarlas ni dispararles en el bosque. Si alguna vez capturé una cabra después de aquel día, fue con trampas y lazos, como lo había hecho anteriormente y, en dos años, no disparé el arma ni una sola vez, aunque nunca salía sin ella. Más aún, como tenía tres pistolas que había rescatado del barco, siempre llevaba, por lo menos, dos de ellas, aseguradas a mi cinturón de cuero de cabra. También limpié uno de los machetes que tenía y me hice otro cinturón para llevarlo. De este modo, cuando salía, tenía el aspecto más extraño que se pueda imaginar, si se añade a la descripción que hice anteriormente de mi indumentaria, las dos pistolas y el machete de hoja ancha que llevaba colgando, sin vaina, de un costado de mi cinturón.

Como he dicho, durante un tiempo, recuperé la calma y la tranquilidad aunque no dejé de tomar precauciones. Todo esto me demostraba, cada vez con más claridad, que no me encontraba en una situación tan deplorable como otros; más bien, estaba mucho mejor de lo que podía estar si Dios así lo hubiese decidido. Esto me hizo pensar que si los hombres compararan su situación con la de otros que están en peores circunstancias y no con los que están mejor, se sentirían agradecidos y no se quejarían de sus desgracias.

Como en la situación en la que me hallaba, en realidad no había demasiadas cosas que echara de menos, pensé que los temores que había padecido a causa de aquellos salvajes y mi preocupación por salvar mi vida, habían disminuido mi ingenio y me habían hecho abandonar el proyecto de hacer malta con la cebada para, luego, tratar de hacer cerveza. Esto era, en verdad, un capricho y, a menudo, me reprochaba mi ingenuidad, pues me daba cuenta de que para hacer cerveza necesitaba muchas cosas que no podía procurarme. No disponía de barriles para conservarla, que, como ya he dicho, nunca logré fabricar, a pesar de que pasé muchos días, más bien, semanas y meses intentándolo sin ningún éxito. Tampoco tenía lúpulo ni levadura para que fermentase, ni una marmita u otro recipiente para hervirla. No obstante, creo sinceramente que de no haber sido porque el miedo y el terror hacia los salvajes me interrumpieron, me habría empeñado en hacerla y, tal vez, lo habría logrado, pues raras veces renunciaba a una idea una vez que había reflexionado lo suficiente como para ejecutarla.

Pero ahora ocupaba mi ingenio en otros asuntos. No podía dejar de pensar cómo exterminar algunos de esos monstruos en uno de sus crueles y sanguinarios festines, y de ser posible, salvar a la víctima que se dispusieran a matar. Haría falta un libro mucho más voluminoso que este para ilustrar todos los métodos que ideé para destruir a esas criaturas, o, por lo menos, para asustarlas y evitar que volviesen otra vez. Mas todos eran inservibles porque requerían de mi presencia y ¿qué podía hacer un solo hombre contra ellos, que quizás serían veinte o treinta, armados de lanzas, arcos y flechas con las que tenían tan buena puntería como yo con mi escopeta?

A veces, pensaba en cavar un pozo en el lugar donde encendían su fuego y colocar cinco o seis libras de pólvora que arderían apenas lo prendieran, haciendo volar todo lo que estuviese en los alrededores. Pero, en primer lugar, no estaba dispuesto a gastar tanta pólvora en esto, más aún, cuando mis suministros se reducían a un solo barril. En segundo lugar, no podía estar seguro de que la explosión se produjera en el momento preciso y, por último, tal vez lo único que conseguiría sería chamuscarlos un poco y asustarlos, lo cual no habría sido suficiente para que abandonaran la isla definitivamente. Por lo tanto, descarté esta idea y decidí emboscarme en un lugar adecuado con tres escopetas de doble carga y, cuando estuviesen en medio de su sangrienta ceremonia, abrir fuego contra ellos, asegurándome de matar o herir, al menos, a dos o tres con cada disparo y, luego, caer sobre ellos con mis tres pistolas y mi machete. No dudaba que así los exterminaría a todos aunque fuesen veinte. Me sentí complacido con esta fantasía durante unas semanas y estaba tan obsesionado con ella que, a menudo, soñaba que la llevaba a cabo y estaba a punto de hacerlos volar por los aires.

Llegué tan lejos en mi ficción, que pasé varios días buscando lugares convenientes para emboscarme, con el propósito de observarlos. Volví tantas veces al lugar del festín que llegó a volverse familiar. Allí me invadía un fuerte deseo de venganza y me imaginaba que derrotaba a veinte o treinta de ellos con mi espada en un sangriento combate. Mas, el horror que me inspiraba el lugar y los rastros de esos miserables bárbaros, me aplacaban el rencor.

Por fin, encontré un lugar conveniente en la ladera de la colina donde podía esperar a salvo la llegada de sus piraguas y ocultarme en la espesura de los árboles antes de que se acercaran a la playa. En uno de los árboles había un hueco lo suficientemente grande para esconderme por completo. Allí, podría sentarme a observar sus sanguinarios actos y dispararles a la cabeza cuando estuvieran más próximos unos de otros y fuese casi imposible que errara el tiro o que no pudiese herir a tres o cuatro del primer disparo.

Opté por ese lugar y preparé dos mosquetes y la escopeta de caza para ejecutar mi plan. Cargué los dos mosquetes con dos lingotes de cinco balas de calibre de pistola y la escopeta con un puñado de las municiones de mayor calibre. También cargué cada una de mis pistolas con cuatro balas y, de este modo, bien provisto de municiones para una segunda y tercera descarga, me preparé para la expedición.

Una vez hecho el esquema de mi proyecto y habiéndolo ejecutado mentalmente, todas las mañanas subía la colina que estaba a unas tres millas o más de mi castillo, como so lía llamarlo, a fin de ver si descubría sus piraguas en el mar o aproximándose a la isla. Pero, al cabo de dos o tres meses de vigilancia constante y, no habiendo descubierto nada en la costa ni en toda la extensión de mar que podían abarcar mis ojos y mi catalejo, me cansé de esta ardua labor.

Durante el tiempo que realizaba mi paseo diario hasta la colina, mi proyecto mantuvo todo su vigor y me encontraba siempre dispuesto a ejecutar la monstruosa matanza de los veinte o treinta salvajes indefensos, por un delito sobre el que no había reflexionado más allá del horror inicial que me causó esa perversa costumbre de la gente de aquella región, a quienes, al parecer, la Providencia había desprovisto de mejor consejo que sus vicios y sus abominables pasiones. Tal vez, desde hacía siglos, esta gente gozaba de la libertad de practicar sus horribles actos y perpetuar sus terribles costumbres como seres completamente abandonados por Dios y movidos por una infernal depravación. Sin embargo, como he dicho, cuando me empezaba a cansar de las infructuosas expediciones matutinas, que realizaba en vano desde hacía tanto tiempo, comencé a cambiar de opinión y a considerar más fría y serenamente la empresa que había decidido llevar a cabo. Me preguntaba qué autoridad o vocación tenía yo para pretender ser juez o verdugo de estos hombres como si fuesen criminales, cuando el cielo había considerado dejarlos impunes durante tanto tiempo para que fuesen ellos mismos los que ejecutaran su juicio. A menudo me debatía de este modo: ¿cómo podía saber el juicio de Dios en este caso particular? Ciertamente, esta gente no comete ningún delito al hacer esto porque no les remuerde la conciencia. No lo consideran una ofensa ni lo hacen en desafío de la justicia divina, como nosotros cuando cometemos algún pecado. Para ellos, matar a un prisionero de guerra no es un crimen como para nosotros tampoco lo es matar un buey; y para ellos, comer carne humana les es tan lícito como para nosotros comer cordero.

Luego de reflexionar un poco sobre esto, llegué a la conclusión de que me había equivocado y que estas personas no eran criminales en el sentido en que los había conde nado en mis pensamientos; no más asesinos que los cristianos que, a menudo, dan muerte a los prisioneros que toman en las batallas, o que, con mucha frecuencia, matan a tropas enteras de hombres, sin darles cuartel, aunque hubieran depuesto sus armas y se hubieran rendido.

Después pensé que, aunque el trato que se dieran entre sí fuese brutal e inhumano, a mí no me habían hecho ningún daño. Si me atacaban o si me parecía necesario para mi propia defensa, lucharía contra ellos pero como no estaba bajo su poder y ellos, en realidad, no sabían de mi existencia y, por lo tanto, no tenían planes respecto a mí, no era justo que los atacara. Algo así justificaría la conducta de los españoles y todas las atrocidades que hicieron en América, donde destruyeron a millones de personas inocentes, a pesar de que fueran bárbaros e idólatras y tuvieran la costumbre de realizar rituales salvajes y sangrientos, como el sacrificio de seres humanos a sus dioses. Por esta razón, todas las naciones cristianas de Europa, incluso los españoles, se refieren a este exterminio como una verdadera masacre, una sangrienta y depravada crueldad, injustificable ante los ojos de Dios y de los hombres. De este modo, el nombre español se ha vuelto odioso y terrible para todas las personas que tienen un poco de humanidad o compasión cristiana, como si el reino español se hubiese destacado por haber producido una raza de hombres sin piedad, que es el sentimiento que refleja un espíritu generoso.

Estas consideraciones me detuvieron en seco y comencé, poco a poco, a abandonar mi proyecto y a pensar que me había equivocado en mi resolución de atacar a los salvajes pues no debía entrometerme en sus asuntos a menos que me atacaran, lo cual, debía evitar si era posible. Mas, si me descubrían y atacaban, sabía lo que tenía que hacer.

Por otra parte, me decía a mí mismo que este proyecto sería un obstáculo para mi salvación y me llevaría a la ruina y la perdición si no tenía la absoluta certeza de matar, no solo a los que se encontrasen en la playa, sino a todos los que pudiesen aparecer después, ya que, si alguno de ellos escapaba para contar lo ocurrido a su gente, miles de ellos vendrían a vengar la muerte de sus compañeros y yo no habría hecho más que provocar mi propia destrucción, lo cual era un riesgo que no corría en este momento.

En resumen, llegué a la conclusión de que, ni por principios ni por sistema, debía meterme en este asunto. Mi única preocupación debía ser mantenerme fuera de su vista a toda costa y no dejar el menor rastro que les hiciese sospechar que había otros seres vivientes, es decir, humanos, en la isla.

La religión me dio la prudencia y quedé convencido de que hacer planes sangrientos para destruir criaturas inocentes, respecto a mí, por supuesto, era faltar a todos mis deberes. En cuanto a sus crímenes, ellos eran culpables entre sí y yo nada tenía que ver con eso. Eran delitos nacionales y yo debía dejar que Dios los juzgara, ya que es Él quien gobierna todas las naciones y sabe qué castigos imponerles a estas para subsanar sus ofensas. Es Él quien debe decidir, como mejor le parezca, llevar a juicio público a quienes le han ofendido públicamente.

De pronto, todo esto me parecía tan claro que me sentí muy satisfecho de no haber cometido una acción que habría sido tan pecaminosa como un crimen premeditado. Me arrodillé y di gracias a Dios, humildemente, por haberme librado del pecado de sangre y le imploré que me concediera la protección de su Providencia para no caer en manos de los bárbaros, ni tener que poner las mías sobre ellos, a menos que el cielo me lo indicara claramente, en defensa de mi propia vida.

Después de esto, pasé casi un año sintiéndome de ese modo. Deseaba tan poco encontrarme con aquellos miserables, que, en todo ese tiempo no subí ni una sola vez la colina para ver si había alguno de ellos a la vista, o si habían venido a la playa, a fin de no verme tentado a reanudar mis proyectos contra ellos, ni tener la ocasión de asaltarlos. Me limité a buscar la piragua que estaba al otro lado de la isla para llevarla a la costa oriental. Allí la dejé, en una pequeña ensenada que encontré bajo unas rocas muy altas, donde sabía que los salvajes no se atreverían a ir, al menos, no en sus piraguas, a causa de la corriente.

Junto con mi piragua, llevé todas las cosas que había dejado allí, aunque no me hacían falta para hacer el viaje: un mástil, una vela y aquella cosa que parecía un ancla pero que, en verdad, no podía llamarse ni ancla ni arpón, si bien fue lo mejor que pude hacer. Lo transporté todo con el propósito de que nada pudiese provocar la más mínima sospecha de que podía haber alguna embarcación o morada humana en la isla.

Aparte de esto, como he dicho, me mantuve más recluido que nunca, sin salir de mi celda, salvo para realizar mis tareas habituales, es decir, ordeñar las cabras y cuidar el pequeño rebaño del bosque, que, como estaba al otro lado de la isla, se hallaba fuera de peligro. Ciertamente, los salvajes que a veces merodeaban por esta isla, jamás venían con el propósito de encontrar nada en ella y, por lo tanto, nunca se alejaban de la costa. No dudo que estuvieran varias veces en ella, tanto antes como después de mis temores y precauciones, por lo que no podía dejar de pensar con horror en cuál habría sido mi suerte si me hubiese encontrado con ellos cuando andaba desnudo, desarmado y sin otra protección que una escopeta, casi siempre cargada con pocas municiones, mientras exploraba todos los rincones de la isla. Menuda sorpresa me habría llevado si, en lugar de la huella de una pisada, me hubiese topado con quince o veinte salvajes, dispuestos a perseguirme, sin posibilidad de escapar de ellos a causa de la velocidad de su carrera.

A menudo, estos pensamientos me oprimían el alma y me afligían tanto que tardaba mucho en recuperarme. Me preguntaba qué habría hecho, pues no me consideraba capaz de haber puesto resistencia, ni siquiera de haber tenido la lucidez de hacer lo que tenía que hacer; mucho menos lo que ahora, después de mucha preparación y meditación, podía hacer. Cuando pensaba seriamente en esto, me sumía en un profundo estado de melancolía que, a veces, duraba mucho tiempo. No obstante, terminaba dando gracias a la Providencia por haberme salvado de tantos peligros invisibles y por haberme protegido de tantas desgracias, de las que no habría podido escapar porque no tenía la menor sospecha de su existencia o de la posibilidad de que ocurriesen.

Esto me hizo considerar algo que, con frecuencia, había pensado antes, cuando empezaba a ver las generosas disposiciones del cielo frente a los peligros a los que nos exponemos en la vida: cuántas veces somos salvados sin darnos cuenta; cuántas veces dudamos o, por así decirlo, titubeamos acerca del camino que debemos seguir y una voz interna nos muestra un camino cuando nosotros pensábamos tomar otro; cuántas veces nuestro sentido común, nuestra tendencia natural o nuestros intereses personales nos invitan a escoger un camino y, sin embargo, un impulso interior, cuyo origen ignoramos, nos empuja a elegir otro y luego advertimos que si hubiésemos seguido el que pensábamos o imaginábamos, nos habríamos visto perdidos y arruinados. Estas y muchas otras reflexiones similares me llevaron a regirme por una norma: obedecer la llamada interior o la inspiración secreta de hacer algo o de seguir algún camino cada vez que la sintiera, aunque no tuviera razón alguna para hacerlo, salvo la sensación o la presión de ese presentimiento sobre mi espíritu. Podría dar muchos ejemplos del buen resultado de esta conducta a lo largo de mi vida, en especial, al final de mi permanencia en esta desgraciada isla; aparte de las muchas ocasiones en las que me habría dado cuenta de la situación si la hubiese visto con los mismos ojos con los que veo ahora. Mas nunca es tarde para aprender y no puedo sino aconsejar a todos los hombres prudentes, que hayan vivido experiencias tan extraordinarias como la mía, incluso menos extraordinarias, que no subestimen las insinuaciones secretas de la Providencia y hagan caso a esa inteligencia invisible, que no debo ni puedo tratar de explicar, pero que, sin duda, constituye una prueba irrefutable de la existencia del espíritu y de la comunicación secreta entre los espíritus encarnados y los inmateriales. Durante el resto de mi solitaria residencia en este sombrío lugar, tuve ocasión de presenciar asombrosas pruebas de esto.

Pienso que al lector no le parecerá extraño que confiese que todas estas ansiedades, los peligros constantes y las preocupaciones que me acechaban en este momento, pusieron fin a mi ingenio y a todos los esfuerzos destinados a mi futuro bienestar. Ahora debía velar por mi seguridad más que por mi sustento. No me atrevía a clavar un clavo ni a cortar un trozo de leña por temor a hacer ruido; mucho menos, disparar un arma, por el mismo motivo y, sobre todo, me inquietaba hacer fuego, temiendo que el humo, visible a gran distancia, me traicionase. Por esta razón, trasladé la parte de mis actividades que requerían fuego, como la fabricación de cacharros, pipas y otros objetos, a mi nueva morada del bosque, donde, al cabo de un tiempo, encontré, para mi indecible consuelo, una gran caverna natural en la que ningún salvaje habría osado entrar, aunque se encontrara en su entrada, ni nadie que no se encontrara como yo, buscando un refugio seguro.

La entrada de la cueva estaba al pie de una gran roca, donde, por mera casualidad (diría esto si no tuviese abundantes razones para atribuir todas estas cosas a la Providencia), me encontraba cortando unas gruesas ramas de árboles para hacer carbón. Pero antes de proseguir, debo explicar la razón por la que hacía este carbón y que era la siguiente:

Como ya he dicho, tenía mucho miedo de hacer fuego cerca de mi casa. Sin embargo, no podía vivir sin hornear mi pan y sin cocinar mi carne y otros alimentos. Así, pues, quemaba la madera en el bosque, como había visto que se hacía en Inglaterra, la cubría con tierra hasta que se carbonizaba. Luego apagaba el fuego y llevaba a casa el carbón, que utilizaba para todos los menesteres que requerían fuego, sin el riesgo del humo.

Pero esto es solo incidental. Mientras estaba cortando madera, advertí una especie de cavidad detrás de una rama muy gruesa de un arbusto y sentí curiosidad por mirar en el interior. Cuando llegué a la entrada, no sin mucha dificultad, vi que era muy amplia, es decir, que cabía de pie y, tal vez, con otra persona. Pero debo confesar que salí con más prisa de la que había entrado, pues al mirar al fondo, que estaba totalmente oscuro, divisé dos grandes ojos brillantes. No sabía si eran de diablo o de hombre pero parpadeaban como dos estrellas con la tenue luz que se filtraba por la entrada de la cueva.

No obstante, después de una breve pausa, me repuse y comencé a decirme que era un tonto, que si había vivido veinte años solo en una isla no podía tener miedo del diablo y que en esa cueva no había nada más aterrador que yo mismo. En seguida recobré el valor, hice una gran tea y volví a entrar con ella en la mano. No había dado tres pasos cuando volví a asustarme como antes, pues oí un fuerte suspiro, como el lamento de un hombre, seguido por un ruido entrecortado que parecía un balbuceo y, luego, por otro suspiro fuerte. Retrocedí y estaba tan sorprendido que un sudor frío me recorrió todo el cuerpo y si hubiese tenido un sombrero, no habría podido responder por él, pues mis cabellos erizados lo hubieran elevado por el aire. Pero saqué valor de donde pude y me reanimé un poco con la idea de que el poder y la presencia de Dios estaban en todas partes y me protegerían. Volví a dar unos pasos y, gracias a la luz de la tea, que sostenía un poco más arriba de mi cabeza, descubrí, tumbado en la tierra, un monstruoso y viejo macho cabrío, que parecía a punto de morir de pura vejez.

Le agité un poco para ver si lograba sacarlo de ahí y el animal intentó, en vano, ponerse en pie. Entonces pensé que podía quedarse donde estaba pues, del mismo modo que me había asustado a mí, podía asustar a los salvajes que se atrevieran a entrar en la cueva mientras le quedara algo de vida.

Repuesto de mi sorpresa, comencé a mirar a mi alrededor y me di cuenta de que la cueva era bastante pequeña, es decir, que medía unos doce pies pero no tenía una forma re gular, ni redonda ni cuadrada, ya que las únicas manos que habían trabajado en ella eran las de la naturaleza. También observé que en uno de los costados había una apertura que se prolongaba hacia adentro pero era tan baja que me obligaba a entrar arrastrándome. Tampoco sabía a dónde llevaba y como no tenía velas, no seguí explorando. Decidí que, al día siguiente, regresaría con velas y una yesca que había hecho en la empuñadura de un mosquete con un poco de pólvora.

Al otro día, volví con seis grandes velas hechas por mí, pues ahora hacía muy buenas velas con el sebo de las cabras, y, andando a gatas, avancé por la cavidad unas diez yardas, lo cual, dicho sea de paso, era una aventura bastante arriesgada, si se considera que no sabía hasta dónde llegaba aquel pasadizo ni lo que podría encontrar más adelante. Cuando llegué al final de este, advertí que el techo se elevaba casi veinte pies, y puedo asegurar que en toda la isla se podía presenciar un espectáculo más maravilloso que la bóveda y los costado de esta cueva o caverna. En las paredes se reflejaba la luz de mis dos velas multiplicada por cien mil. Me imaginaba que en la roca había diamantes u otras piedras preciosas, pero no lo sabía con certeza.

Aunque estaba totalmente a oscuras, la gruta era el lugar más delicioso que podría imaginarse. El suelo estaba seco y bien nivelado; lo cubría una fina capa de gravilla suelta y fina. No había animales venenosos o nauseabundos ni humedad en las paredes o el techo. La única dificultad estaba en la entrada, la cual, me parecía ventajosa, ya que me proporcionaba el refugio que necesitaba. Este descubrimiento me llenó de júbilo y decidí transportar allí, sin demora, algunas de las cosas que más me preocupaban, en especial, la pólvora y todas las armas que tenía de reserva, a saber: dos de las tres escopetas de caza y tres de los ocho mosquetes que tenía. Dejé los otros cinco en mi castillo, montados como si fueran cañones en el muro exterior, y podía disponer de ellas, igualmente, si hacía alguna expedición.

Para transportar las municiones, tuve que abrir el barril de pólvora húmeda que había rescatado del mar. Me di cuenta de que el agua había penetrado por todos los costa dos unas tres o cuatro pulgadas y que la pólvora, al secarse y endurecerse, había formado una corteza que protegía el interior como la cáscara de una fruta. De este modo, tenía unas sesenta libras de pólvora buena en el centro del barril, lo que me sorprendió muy gratamente. La llevé toda a la gruta, salvo dos o tres libras que conservé en el castillo por temor a cualquier contingencia. Llevé, además, todo el plomo que tenía reservado para hacer balas.

Me sentía como uno de esos antiguos gigantes que, según se dice, vivían en cavernas y cuevas en las rocas, a las que nadie podía llegar, pues, mientras me hallaba en ese refugio, me convencí de que ningún salvaje podría encontrarme y, si lo hacía, jamás se atrevería a atacarme en ese lugar.

El viejo macho cabrío, que estaba moribundo cuando lo encontré, murió al día siguiente en la entrada de la cueva y me pareció más fácil cavar un hoyo para echarlo en él y cubrirlo con tierra, que arrastrarlo hasta afuera; así que lo enterré para evitar el mal olor. 

13

Llevaba veintitrés años en la isla y estaba tan familiarizado con ella y con mi estilo de vida que, si hubiese tenido la certeza de que los salvajes no vendrían a perturbarme, me habría resignado a capitular y pasar allí el resto de mi vida, hasta el día en que me echara a morir, como el viejo macho cabrío, en la gruta. También había encontrado algunos pequeños entretenimientos y diversiones que hacían transcurrir el tiempo más rápida y plácidamente que antes. En primer lugar, como ya he dicho, le había enseñado a hablar a mi Poll y lo hacía con tanta familiaridad, tan clara y articuladamente, que me proporcionaba una gran satisfacción. Convivió cerca de veintiséis años conmigo y no sé cuántos más vivió, pues, según se creía en el Brasil, vivían casi cien años. Acaso el pobre Poll aún siga vivo y llamando al pobre Robinson Crusoe. Espero que ningún inglés tenga la mala suerte de ir allí y de escucharlo porque, con seguridad, creerá que se trata del demonio. Mi perro me brindó una agradable y cariñosa compañía durante casi dieciséis años y murió de puro viejo. En cuanto a los gatos, se multiplicaron, como he dicho, hasta el punto que tuve que matar a muchos de ellos para evitar que me devorasen a mí junto con todas mis provisiones. Finalmente, después que murieron los dos que me había traído, los demás, a fuerza de perseguirlos constantemente y privarlos de alimento, huyeron a los bosques y se volvieron salvajes. Solo dos o tres favoritos, cuyas crías ahogaba apenas nacían, formaron parte de mi familia. También conservaba siempre dos o tres cabras domésticas, que aprendieron a comer de mi mano, y dos loros más que hablaban bastante bien y me llamaban Robinson Crusoe. Mas ninguno como el primero, aunque, a decir verdad, nunca me preocupé por ellos como por aquel. Tenía, además, algunas aves marítimas, cuyo nombre desconozco, a las que capturé en la playa y les corté las alas. Como las pequeñas estacas que había plantado delante del castillo crecieron hasta formar un espeso follaje, estas aves vivían y se reproducían en las copas de los árboles bajos, lo cual me resultaba muy agradable. De este modo, como he dicho, empecé a sentirme muy complacido con mi vida, con la única excepción del temor por los salvajes.

Pero estaba previsto que las cosas fuesen de otro modo y, tal vez, no sea inútil para todos los que lean mi historia, hacer esta justa observación: Cuántas veces, en el curso de nuestras vidas, ocurre que el mal que procuramos evitar, y que nos parece terrible cuando nos enfrentamos a él, resulta el verdadero camino de nuestra salvación, el único a través del cual podemos librarnos de nuestras desgracias. Podría dar muchos ejemplos de esta situación, a lo largo de mi inenarrable existencia, pero ninguno tan notable como lo que me ocurrió en los últimos años de mi solitaria residencia en esta isla.

Corría el mes de diciembre de mi vigesimotercer año en este lugar y, como ya he dicho estábamos en pleno solsticio austral, pues no podría llamarlo invierno. Esta época era muy importante para mi cosecha, que requería de mi constante presencia en el campo. Una mañana, muy temprano, casi antes de la salida del sol, advertí con sorpresa el resplandor de un fuego en la playa, a unas dos millas de donde me hallaba, y en dirección al extremo de la isla donde, como ya he observado, habían estado los salvajes; mas no en el lado opuesto de la isla, sino en el mío.

El espectáculo me aterrorizó y me quedé cerca de mi arboleda, por temor a ser sorprendido. Aun así, no me sentía tranquilo, pues, si en sus incursiones por la isla, los salvajes descubrían mi cereal, sembrado o segado, o cualquiera de mis obras y mejoras deducirían inmediatamente que la isla estaba habitada y no descansarían hasta encontrarme. Terriblemente angustiado, regresé directamente a mi castillo, recogí la escalera e intenté darle un aspecto tan natural y agreste como pude.

Entonces, me atrincheré y me preparé para la defensa. Cargué toda mi artillería, como solía llamarla, es decir, los mosquetes colocados en la nueva fortificación y todas las pistolas, y decidí defenderme hasta el último suspiro, no sin antes encomendarme fervorosamente a la divina protección y rogarle a Dios que me librase de caer en manos de los bárbaros. Permanecí en esa posición más de dos horas pero, más tarde, comencé a sentirme impaciente por saber lo que ocurría fuera, ya que no tenía espías que me lo informaran.

Aguardé un poco más, pensando qué debía hacer en esta situación, mas no pude resistir por más tiempo en la ignorancia; así que apoyé la escalera en el costado de la roca para subir hasta donde se formaba una suerte de plataforma. Luego la retiré y volví a colocarla hasta que llegué a la cima de la colina. Allí me acosté boca abajo sobre la tierra y cogí el catalejo que había llevado con toda intención para observar el sitio. Descubrí a unos cinco salvajes desnudos, sentados alrededor de una pequeña fogata, no para calentarse, pues no tenían necesidad de ello, ya que el clima era extremadamente caluroso, sino, como supuse, para preparar alguno de sus horribles festines de carne humana, que habían traído consigo, no sé si viva o muerta.

Habían llegado en dos canoas que estaban varadas en la orilla y, como la marea estaba baja, me pareció que aguardaban a que subiera para marcharse. No es fácil imaginar la inquietud que me provocó este espectáculo y, muy especialmente, que estuvieran en mi lado de la isla y tan próximos a mí. Mas cuando pensé que siempre debían venir cuando bajara la marea, comencé a tranquilizarme y contentarme pensando que podría salir sin peligro cuando la marea estuviese alta, a no ser que hubiesen llegado antes a la orilla. Con esta idea, salí a realizar las tareas propias de la cosecha con cierta tranquilidad.

Sucedió tal y como lo había previsto, pues, apenas la corriente se puso hacia el oeste, los vi meterse en sus canoas y alejarse con la ayuda de sus remos. Debo observar que, antes de partir, estuvieron cerca de una hora bailando, pues podía discernir claramente sus gestos y movimientos con mi catalejo. Pude apreciar, mediante una minuciosa observación, que estaban completamente desnudos, sin el menor vestigio de vestimenta sobre sus cuerpos pero no pude distinguir si eran hombres o mujeres.

Tan pronto como se embarcaron y partieron, salí con mis dos escopetas al hombro, dos pistolas en la cintura y mi gran sable sin vaina, colgado a un costado. Subí a la colina, donde los había visto por primera vez, tan velozmente como pude. Tardé aproximadamente dos horas en llegar (pues el peso de las armas me impedía correr más rápidamente). Allí me di cuenta de que había otras tres canoas de los salvajes y, al mirar a lo lejos, los vi a todos juntos en el mar navegando rumbo al continente.

Cuando descendí a la playa, pude observar el terrible espectáculo de su sangriento festín: la sangre, los huesos y los trozos de carne humana, felizmente comida y devorada por aquellos miserables. Estaba tan indignado ante lo que veían mis ojos, que comencé a premeditar la forma de destruir a los próximos que volviera a ver por allí, sin importarme quiénes ni cuántos fueran.

Me pareció evidente que sus visitas a la isla no eran muy frecuentes, pues transcurrieron más de quince meses antes de que regresaran; es decir, que durante todo ese tiempo, no volví a encontrar huellas ni señales de ellos, ya que, en la época de lluvias, no podían salir de sus moradas, o, al menos, alejarse tanto. Sin embargo, durante todo este tiempo viví inquieto a causa del constante miedo a ser tomado por sorpresa, por lo que puedo decir que temer al mal es mucho peor que padecerlo, en especial, cuando es imposible liberarse de ese temor.

Durante todo este tiempo, me sentía invadido por un sentimiento criminal y pasaba muchas horas, que pude haber empleado en mejores asuntos, imaginando cómo cercarlos y atacarlos la próxima vez que los viera, en especial, si venían en dos grupos como la vez anterior. No se me ocurrió en aquel momento, que si mataba a uno de los grupos, formado por diez o doce salvajes, según mis cálculos, al día siguiente, o a la semana o el mes siguiente, debía matar otro y así, ad infinitum, hasta convertirme en un asesino de la misma calaña que estos caníbales, si no peor.

Pasaba los días en medio de una gran perplejidad e inquietud, esperando caer, de un momento a otro, en manos de estas despiadadas criaturas. Si alguna vez me aventuraba a salir, lo hacía mirando con el mayor cuidado a mi alrededor y tomando todas las precauciones imaginables. Ahora me daba cuenta, para mi consuelo, de cuán acertada había sido mi decisión de tener un rebaño o manada de cabras domésticas, pues no me atrevía a disparar mi escopeta, sobre todo, en el lado de la isla donde solían venir los salvajes, por miedo a alertarlos. Si bien es posible que hubiesen huido la primera vez, con seguridad, habrían vuelto al cabo de algunos días con dos o tres centenares de canoas y yo sabría muy bien qué esperar.

Sin embargo, transcurrieron un año y tres meses antes de que volvieran los salvajes, como contaré más adelante. Es muy probable que hubiesen venido dos o tres veces pero no se quedaron, o, al menos, yo no los escuché. Mas, en el mes de mayo de mi vigesimocuarto año, según mis cálculos, tuve un encuentro con ellos.

Durante los quince o dieciséis meses que he mencionado, me sentí muy perturbado. Dormía inquieto, tenía sueños horribles y, a menudo, despertaba sobresaltado. Durante el día, me oprimían las preocupaciones y, por la noche, soñaba que mataba a los salvajes y buscaba justificaciones para ello. Pero dejemos esto por un momento. Fue a mediados de mayo, me parece que el día 16 según lo indicaba mi pobre calendario de madera, pues seguía registrando los días en el poste; digo que sería el 16 de mayo, cuando se desató una violenta tormenta con muchos truenos y relámpagos. La noche siguiente fue espantosa y no sé por qué, pero estaba leyendo la Biblia y haciendo graves reflexiones sobre mi situación, cuando me sorprendió lo que me pareció un cañonazo en el mar.

Esta era una sorpresa muy distinta de todas las que había experimentado hasta entonces, pues me hizo pensar en otras cosas. Me levanté tan rápidamente como pudiera imaginarse y, en un momento, apoyé la escalera contra la roca y subí a la plataforma. Retiré la escalera nuevamente y subí hasta la cima de la colina, en el momento en que un resplandor de fuego me anunció un segundo cañonazo, que en efecto, llegó hasta mis oídos casi medio minuto después. Por el sonido, supe que provenía de aquella parte del mar donde la corriente había arrojado mi bote.

Inmediatamente pensé que debía tratarse de un barco en peligro y que alguna otra embarcación le acompañaba, pues disparaba los cañones en señal de alarma para pedir socorro. En ese momento, presentí que si podía auxiliarlos, tal vez, ellos también me auxiliarían a mí, de modo que junté toda la madera seca que encontré a mano, hice una gran pila con ella y le prendí fuego en la cima de la colina. Como la madera estaba seca, prendió rápidamente y, aunque el viento soplaba con mucha intensidad, ardió lo suficiente como para que, si aquello era un barco, con toda certeza pudiera verla. En efecto, así ocurrió, pues, apenas ardió la llama, escuché otro cañonazo y, después, varios más, todos procedentes del mismo punto. Alimenté el fuego toda la noche hasta el amanecer y, cuando se hizo de día, y el aire se despejó, divisé algo en el mar, a gran distancia, al este de la isla, mas no podía precisar, ni siquiera con la ayuda del catalejo, si se traba de una vela o del casco de un navío.

Durante todo el día miré con frecuencia en aquella dirección y pronto advertí que el objeto estaba inmóvil, así que deduje que era un barco anclado, pero como me hallaba ansioso por saberlo con certeza, como puede suponerse, cogí la escopeta y corrí hacia el extremo sur de la isla, hasta las rocas a las que había sido arrastrado por la corriente. Cuando llegué hasta allí, puesto que el día estaba completamente despejado, pude ver claramente y para mi mayor desconsuelo, el naufragio de un barco, arrojado durante la noche contra las rocas sumergidas que había hallado en mi excursión con la piragua. Estas rocas, resistiendo a la violencia de la corriente, formaban una especie de contracorriente o remolino, que me había librado de la situación más desesperada de toda mi vida.

Lo que constituye la salvación de un hombre, es la ruina de otro, pues, al parecer, estos hombres, quienes quiera que fueran, al no tener conocimiento de aquellas rocas, total mente ocultas por el agua, habían sido empujados contra ellas durante toda la noche por un fuerte viento del este y del este-noreste. Si la tripulación hubiese visto la isla, lo cual dudo mucho, habría intentado usar un bote para llegar a tierra. Mas los cañonazos que dispararon en señal de auxilio, en especial, cuando vieron mi fogata, tal como imagino, me llenaron la cabeza de pensamientos. Primero pensaba que, al ver mi fuego, se habían lanzado en el bote para llegar a la orilla pero, tal vez, la fuerte marea los había hecho zozobrar. En otras ocasiones imaginaba que habían perdido el bote desde el principio, como suele pasar cuando las olas azotan la nave, lo que obliga a los hombres a destrozarlo y arrojarlo al mar. Otras veces, imaginaba que los acompañaba otro navío, o navíos, que, alertados por las señales de auxilio, los habían socorrido y rescatado. Por momentos, pensaba que todos habían embarcado en el bote y habían sido arrastrados por la misma corriente que me había arrastrado a mí, hacia el vasto océano, donde no encontrarían más que agonía y muerte; o, tal vez, agobiados por el hambre, a estas alturas se estarían comiendo unos a otros.

Pero como todo aquello no eran más que conjeturas, en la situación que me hallaba no podía hacer otra cosa que lamentar la desgracia de aquellos pobres hombres y apiadarme de ellos, lo cual, me hacía sentir cada vez más agradecido a Dios, por la felicidad y la abundancia que me había prodigado en mi desolada situación y por haber permitido que, de dos tripulaciones que habían naufragado en aquellas costas, yo fuese el único superviviente. Comprendí, nuevamente, que es muy raro que la Providencia divina nos arroje en una situación tan deplorable o en una miseria tan grande como para que no encontremos algún motivo de gratitud o reconozcamos que hay otros en peores circunstancias que las nuestras.

Aquella había sido, sin duda, la suerte de estos hombres y no tenía razones para suponer que alguno de ellos se hubiese salvado. No podía esperar ni desear que no hubiesen muerto todos, a no ser que hubiesen sido rescatados por otra embarcación, lo cual era muy poco probable, pues no veía ninguna señal o rastro de que algo así hubiese sucedido.

No puedo hallar las palabras precisas para expresar la extraña melancolía y los ardientes deseos que este naufragio suscitó en mi espíritu y que me hacían exclamar: «¡Oh, si al menos uno o dos, es más, solo un ser se hubiese salvado de este naufragio, o hubiese podido llegar hasta aquí, para que yo pudiese tener un compañero, un semejante con quien poder hablar y conversar!» En todo el transcurso de mi vida solitaria, nunca había deseado tanto la compañía humana, ni había sentido una pena tan profunda por no tenerla.

Tenemos unos resortes secretos en el corazón que, movidos por algún objeto, presente o ausente, que se muestra ante nuestra imaginación, impulsan nuestra alma con tan ta fuerza hacia ese objeto que su ausencia se vuelve insoportable.

Tal era mi ferviente deseo de que tan solo un hombre se hubiese salvado: «¡Oh, si tan solo uno se hubiese salvado!», repetía una y mil veces: «¡Oh, si tan solo uno se hubiese sal vado!» Estaba tan trastornado por este deseo, que cuando decía esas palabras, entrelazaba las manos y apretaba tanto los dedos, que si hubiese tenido algo frágil entre ellas, lo habría roto involuntariamente; y apretaba los dientes con tanta fuerza, que a veces no podía separarlos.

Dejemos que los naturalistas expliquen estas cosas, su razón y su forma de ser. Lo único que puedo hacer yo, es describir un hecho que me sorprendió cuando tuvo lugar, y cuya procedencia ignoro del todo. Seguramente, se debió al efecto de mis ardientes deseos y la fuerza de mis pensamientos, de imaginar el consuelo que me habría proporcionado conversar con un cristiano como yo.

Pero no estaba previsto de ese modo. Su destino, el mío o el de todos, lo impedía, pues hasta mi último año de permanencia en esta isla, ignoré si alguien se había salva do de aquel naufragio. Solo alcancé a ver, para mi desdicha, el cuerpo de un joven marinero que llegó al extremo de la isla más próximo al lugar del naufragio. Solo llevaba puestos una casaca marinera, un par de calzones de paño abiertos en las rodillas y una camisa de lienzo azul, pero nada que me permitiese adivinar de qué nación provenía. En sus bolsillos no había más que dos piezas de a ocho y una pipa. Esta última, para mí, valía diez veces más que el dinero.

El mar se había calmado y estaba empeñado en aventurarme a llegar al barco en la piragua. Tenía la certeza de que encontraría cosas de utilidad a bordo pero no era eso lo que me impulsaba, sino la esperanza de encontrar algún ser a quien pudiese salvarle la vida, y con ello, reconfortar la mía en sumo grado. Me aferré de tal modo a esta idea, que no encontraba reposo ni de día ni de noche y solo pensaba en llegar hasta la nave en mi bote. Me encomendé a la Providencia de Dios, sabiendo que el impulso era tan fuerte que no podía resistirme a él, que debía provenir de algún invisible designio y que me arrepentiría si no lo hacía.

Dominado por esta impresión, corrí hacia mi castillo a prepararme para el viaje. Cogí una buena porción de pan, una gran vasija de agua fresca, una brújula para orientar me, una botella de ron, pues aún tenía bastante en la reserva, y un cesto lleno de pasas. Cargado con todo lo necesario para el viaje, me dirigí hacia la piragua, le vacié el agua, deposité en ella el cargamento y la eché al mar. Luego regresé a casa para recoger el segundo cargamento, que consistía en un gran saco de arroz, la sombrilla, que me colocaría sobre la cabeza para que me protegiera del sol, otra vasija llena de agua, casi dos docenas de panes o tortas de cebada, una botella de leche de cabra y un queso. Llevé todo esto a la piragua, no sin mucho esfuerzo y sudor, y, rogándole a Dios que guiara mi viaje, me puse a remar en dirección noreste a lo largo de la costa hasta llegar al extremo de la isla. Ahora tenía que decidir si me aventuraba a lanzarme al océano. Observé las rápidas corrientes que pasaban a ambos lados de la isla y me parecieron tan terribles, por el recuerdo del peligro en que me había encontrado, que comencé a perder valor, pues me daba cuenta de que si caía en una de ellas, sería arrastrado mar adentro y perdería de vista la isla. Si esto ocurría, como mi piragua era muy pequeña, la menor ráfaga de viento me perdería irremediablemente.

Esta idea me angustió tanto que comencé a darme por vencido. Conduje mi bote a una pequeña ensenada en la orilla, salí y me senté en un pequeño promontorio de tierra, muy pensativo y ansioso, debatiéndome entre el miedo y el deseo de realizar la expedición. Mientras pensaba, observé que la marea comenzaba a subir, lo que, por unas cuantas horas, me impediría volver a salir al mar. Entonces, pensé que debía subir a la parte más elevada que pudiese encontrar para observar los movimientos de las corrientes cuando subiera la marea y, de este modo, poder juzgar si había alguna que me trajese rápidamente de vuelta a la isla, en caso de que otra me alejara de ella. No bien hube pensado esto, me fijé en una pequeña colina que dominaba ambos lados, desde donde podía ver claramente la dirección de las corrientes y el rumbo que debía seguir para regresar. Allí pude observar que la corriente de bajamar partía del extremo sur de la isla mientras que la de pleamar regresaba por el norte, de modo que, no tenía más que dirigirme hacia la punta septentrional de la isla para regresar sin dificultad.

Animado con esta observación, decidí partir a la mañana siguiente con la primera marea. Pasé toda la noche en la canoa, cubierto con el gran capote que mencioné anteriormente y me lancé al mar. Primero navegué un corto trecho rumbo al norte, hasta que me sentí arrastrado por la corriente que iba hacia el este. Esta me impulsó con bastante fuerza, pero no tanta como lo había hecho anteriormente la corriente del sur, lo que me permitió seguir gobernando el bote. Remando enérgicamente, me acerqué a toda velocidad al barco y, en menos de dos horas, llegué hasta él.

Era un espectáculo desolador; el barco, de construcción española, estaba encallado entre dos rocas. La popa y uno de sus costados habían sido destrozados por el mar y, como el castillo de proa se había estrellado contra las rocas, el palo mayor y el trinquete se habían quebrado, aunque el bauprés seguía intacto, así como la proa. Cuando me acerqué, apareció un perro, que, al verme, comenzó a aullar y a gemir. Apenas lo llamé, saltó al mar para venir hasta mí y lo llevé al bote. Estaba muerto de hambre y sed. Le di un pedazo de pan y se lo comió como si fuese un lobo famélico que hubiese pasado quince días sin alimento en la nieve. Después le di un poco de agua y, si lo hubiese dejado, el pobre animal habría bebido hasta reventar.

Luego subí a bordo y lo primero que divisé fueron dos hombres ahogados en la cocina, sobre el castillo de proa, que estaban abrazados. Deduje que, posiblemente, al desatarse la tormenta, el barco se había encallado y los embates del mar debieron ser tan fuertes y tan constantes, que aquellos pobres hombres, no pudieron resistir y se habían ahogado como si estuviesen bajo el agua. Aparte del perro, no había otro ser viviente en el barco y todo su cargamento, según pude comprobar, se estropeó con el agua. Había algunos toneles de licor en el fondo de la bodega, que pude ver cuando el agua se retiró, mas no sabía si contenían vino o brandy; amén de que eran demasiado grandes para transportarlos. Vi varios cofres, que, sin duda, pertenecían a los marineros y los llevé al bote sin examinar su contenido.

Si en lugar de la popa tan solo se hubiese destrozado la proa, estoy seguro de que mi viaje habría sido más fructífero, pues por el contenido de esos dos cofres, podía imaginar con razón, que el barco llevaba muchas riquezas a bordo. Supongo, por el rumbo que llevaba, que partió de Buenos Aires o del Río de la Plata en la América meridional, más allá de Brasil, en dirección a La Habana, en el golfo de México y, de allí, seguramente a España. Sin duda, transportaba un gran tesoro, si bien bastante inútil para todos en este momento. Qué pudo haber sido del resto de la tripulación, tampoco lo sabía.

Aparte de los cofres, encontré un pequeño barril lleno de licor, de unos veinte galones, que llevé hasta mi bote con gran dificultad. Había numerosos mosquetes en una cabina y un gran cuerno que contenía unas cuatro libras de pólvora. Como los mosquetes no me servían, los dejé, pero me llevé el cuerno de pólvora, así como una pala y unas tenazas que me hacían mucha falta, dos pequeñas vasijas de bronce, una chocolatera de cobre y una parrilla. Con este cargamento y el perro, me puse en marcha cuando la corriente comenzó a fluir hacia la isla. Esa misma tarde, casi una hora antes del anochecer, llegué a tierra extenuado.

Aquella noche dormí en el bote y, al amanecer, decidí llevar lo que había rescatado a mi nueva cueva y no al castillo. Después de refrescarme, llevé todo mi cargamento a la playa y comencé a examinarlo. El tonel de licor contenía una especie de ron, distinto al que teníamos en Brasil, es decir, bastante malo. Mas cuando abrí los cofres, hallé muchas cosas de gran utilidad, como, por ejemplo, una caja de botellas extraordinarias, llenas de cordiales exquisitos. Las botellas eran de tres pintas y tenían la tapa recubierta de plata. Encontré dos botes de dulces deliciosos, tan bien cerrados, que el agua salada no los había estropeado, pero había otros dos, que sí se habían estropeado. Encontré algunas camisas muy buenas, casi media docena de pañuelos de lino blanco y corbatas de colores; los primeros me venían muy bien para secarme el sudor de la cara en los días de calor. Aparte de esto, al llegar al fondo del cofre, encontré tres grandes sacos llenos de piezas de a ocho, que sumaban unas mil cien piezas en total. En uno de ellos, envueltos en papel, había seis doblones de oro y algunos lingotes de oro que, en total, podían pesar cerca de una libra 

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En el otro cofre encontré algunas cosas de poco valor. Por su contenido, el cofre debía pertenecer al artillero, aunque no encontré pólvora, con la excepción de unas dos libras de pólvora escarchada, guardada en tres pequeños frascos y, seguramente, destinada a usarse para la caza. En resumidas cuentas, conseguí muy pocas cosas de utilidad en el viaje, pues, el dinero no me servía de nada; era como el polvo bajo mis pies, y lo habría cambiado todo por tres o cuatro pares de zapatos ingleses y calcetines, que desde hacía mucho tiempo necesitaba. Tenía dos pares de zapatos, que les había quitado a los dos hombres ahogados que hallé en el barco, y luego encontré otros dos pares en uno de los cofres, los cuales me venían muy bien, aunque no eran como nuestros zapatos ingleses, ni por su comodidad ni su resistencia; más bien, eran lo que solemos llamar escarpines. En este cofre también encontré cincuenta piezas de a ocho en reales, pero no encontré oro, por lo cual, supuse que debía pertenecer a un hombre más pobre que el dueño del primero, que, seguramente, sería un oficial.

No obstante, llevé el dinero a mi casa en la cueva y lo guardé, como lo había hecho con el que había rescatado de nuestro barco. Era una lástima, ya lo he dicho, que no pudiese encontrar el resto del cargamento que venía en el barco, pues estoy seguro de que habría podido cargar mi canoa varias veces con dinero y, si algún día lograba escapar a Inglaterra, lo habría dejado a salvo en la cueva hasta que pudiese regresar a buscarlo.

Después de haber desembarcado todas mis pertenencias y guardarlas en un lugar seguro, regresé al bote, remé a lo largo de la costa hasta la vieja rada y allí lo dejé. Luego regresé tan rápidamente como pude a mi hogar, donde hallé todo seguro y en orden. Entonces comencé a sentirme más tranquilo y reanudé mis antiguas costumbres y mis labores domésticas. Por un tiempo, logré vivir tranquilamente, si bien estaba más atento que antes y salía mucho menos. Si alguna vez salía libremente, era siempre por la parte oriental de la isla, donde estaba casi seguro de que no llegaban los salvajes y, por tanto, no tenía que tomar demasiadas precauciones, ni andar cargado de tantas armas y municiones, como cuando iba en la otra dirección.

Viví casi dos años más en estas condiciones pero mi desdichada cabeza, que parecía haber sido creada para la desgracia de mi cuerpo, se llenaba de planes y proyectos para escapar de la isla. A veces, pensaba hacer otra expedición al barco naufragado, aunque la razón me decía que no hallaría nada en él que compensara el riesgo del viaje. Otras veces, contemplaba la idea de ir a una u otra parte y creo firmemente que si hubiese contado con la chalupa en la que huí de Salé, me habría aventurado a navegar, sin saber a dónde iba.

He sido, en todas las circunstancias de mi vida, un vivo ejemplo de aquellos que padecen de esta plaga general que ataca a la humanidad, de donde proceden, a mi entender, la mitad de las desgracias que ocurren en el mundo; me refiero a la inconformidad con los designios de Dios y la naturaleza. No quiero hablar de mi estado inicial ni de mi resistencia a los excelentes consejos de mi padre, lo cual considero como mi pecado original; ni de los errores similares que cometí y que me llevaron a esta miserable situación. Si la misma Providencia que me había destinado a establecerme felizmente en Brasil como hacendado, hubiese puesto límites a mis deseos; si me hubiese conformado con avanzar poco a poco, a estas alturas (me refiero al tiempo que llevo viviendo en esta isla) sería uno de los hacendados más prósperos de Brasil, pues, a juzgar por los progresos que hice en el poco tiempo que viví allí, y los que habría hecho de no haberme marchado, seguramente tendría unos cien mil moidores. ¿Por qué tenía que abandonar una fortuna establecida y una buena plantación, en pleno crecimiento y desarrollo, para embarcarme rumbo a Guinea en busca de negros, cuando con paciencia y tiempo hubiese acrecentado mi fortuna, de tal modo que hubiese podido comprarlos a los que se ocupan del tráfico de negros desde mi propia casa? Incluso, si hubiese tenido que pagar algo más por ellos, la diferencia en el precio, no valía el riesgo tan desmedido.

Pero estas cosas suelen pasarles a los jóvenes y la reflexión sobre ellas, es, normalmente, ejercicio de la edad avanzada o de una experiencia que se paga demasiado cara. Yo me hallaba en esta etapa y, sin embargo, el error se había arraigado tan profundamente en mi naturaleza, que no era capaz de contentarme con mi situación, sino que me dedicaba continuamente a pensar en los medios y posibilidades de huir de este lugar. Para poder relatar el resto de mi historia, con mayor placer del lector, no sería inadecuado hacer un recuento de los primeros planes de mi alocada huida y las directrices que seguí para ejecutarlo.

Me hallaba en mi castillo, y después del último viaje al barco naufragado, había dejado mi embarcación a salvo bajo el agua, como de costumbre, y mi situación había vuelto a ser la de antes. Mi fortuna había crecido pero no era más rico por ello, pues me valía lo que a los indios del Perú antes de la llegada de los españoles.

Una de esas noches lluviosas de marzo, en el vigesimocuarto año de vida solitaria, me encontraba despierto en mi lecho o hamaca. Disfrutaba de buena salud, pues no me do lía nada, ni me hallaba indispuesto o febril, ni más intranquilo que de costumbre. No obstante, no podía conciliar el sueño y no pegué ojo en toda la noche por lo que voy a narrar a continuación.

Sería tan imposible como inútil relatar la cantidad de pensamientos que giraban en mi cabeza esa noche. Repasé toda la historia de mi vida en miniatura o en resumen, como podría decirse, antes y después de mi llegada a la isla. Al pensar en lo que me había ocurrido desde mi llegada a las costas de esta isla, comparaba la tranquilidad con la que transcurrían mis asuntos durante los primeros años con el estado de ansiedad, miedo y cuidado en el que vivía desde que descubrí la huella de una pisada en la arena. No se trataba de creer que los salvajes no hubiesen frecuentado la isla antes de este descubrimiento; incluso, que no hubiesen venido cientos de ellos hasta la costa, pero como en aquel momento no lo sabía, no sentía ningún temor. Mi satisfacción era total, aunque estuviese expuesto al mismo peligro y me sentía tan feliz de ignorarlo como si, en realidad, no estuviera amenazado por él. En esta situación, mis reflexiones eran fructíferas, en particular, la siguiente: que la Providencia había sido infinitamente buena al imponerles límites a la visión y la inteligencia de los hombres, que aunque caminen en medio de tantos miles de peligros, cuyo conocimiento turbaría su espíritu y abatiría su alma, conservan la calma y la serenidad por el desconocimiento de las cosas que ocurren a su alrededor y los peligros que les acechan.

Después de reflexionar un poco sobre estos asuntos, comencé a considerar seriamente los peligros a los que había estado expuesto durante tantos años en esta isla, la cual había recorrido con toda la seguridad y la tranquilidad del mundo, sin saber que, tal vez, la cumbre de una colina, un árbol gigantesco o la simple caída de la noche, se habían interpuesto entre mí y la peor de las muertes, es decir, caer en manos de los caníbales y salvajes, que me habrían perseguido como a una cabrá o una tortuga, pensando que, al matarme y devorarme, no cometían un crimen mayor que el que yo realizaba al comerme una paloma o un chorlito. Estaría calumniándome a mí mismo si no digo que me sentía sinceramente agradecido a mi divino Salvador, a cuya singular protección, confieso humildemente, debía mi salvación, pues sin ella, habría caído inevitablemente en las despiadadas manos de los salvajes.

Luego de estas consideraciones, comencé a reflexionar sobre la naturaleza de aquellas miserables criaturas, me refiero a los salvajes, y a preguntarme cómo era posible que el sabio Gobernador de todas las cosas, hubiese abandonado a algunas de sus criaturas a semejante inhumanidad, más aún, a algo peor que la brutalidad misma, como es devorar a los de su propia especie. No obstante, como esto no eran más que especulaciones (y, en aquel momento, completamente vanas) me puse a pensar en qué parte del mundo vivían estos miserables, a qué distancia se hallaba la tierra de la que provenían, por qué se aventuraban tan lejos de sus moradas, qué clase de embarcaciones utilizaban y por qué no podía ir hacia donde estaban ellos del mismo modo que ellos venían hasta donde estaba yo.

Nunca me detuve a pensar qué sería de mí cuando llegara allí, cuál sería mi suerte si caía en manos de los salvajes, ni cómo podría escapar si me capturaban. Tampoco pensaba en cómo podría alcanzar la costa sin que me vieran, lo que habría sido mi perdición, ni qué hacer, si lograba no caer en sus manos, para procurarme el sustento, ni mucho menos, el rumbo que debía tomar. Ni uno solo de estos pensamientos cruzó por mi mente, dominada por la idea de llegar al continente en mi piragua. Mi situación me parecía la más miserable del mundo y no podía imaginarme nada peor que la muerte. Pensaba que podría llegar al continente, donde, tal vez, hallaría consuelo, o navegar a lo largo de la costa, como lo había hecho en África, hasta llegar a algún lugar habitado, donde pudiese ser rescatado. Después de todo, tal vez encontraría un barco cristiano que me recogiese y, en el peor de los casos, moriría, lo cual pondría punto final a todas mis desgracias. Es preciso advertir que todos estos pensamientos provenían de mi turbación y mi impaciencia, exacerbadas por el recuerdo de los trabajos y las decepciones que padecí a bordo del barco naufragado, donde estuve tan cerca de hallar lo que tanto deseaba: alguien con quien hablar, que me explicara dónde estaba y los medios posibles de liberarme. Por eso digo que todos estos pensamientos me tenían completamente trastornado. Mi calma y mi resignación a los designios de la Providencia, así como mi sumisión a la voluntad del cielo, parecían haberse interrumpido y no hallaba forma de distraer mis pensamientos del proyecto del viaje al continente, que me obsesionaba de tal modo que me resultaba imposible resistirlo.

Durante más de dos horas este deseo me invadió con tanta fuerza que me bullía la sangre y me alteraba el pulso como si el mero fervor de mis pensamientos me hubiese provocado fiebre. Entonces la naturaleza, como agotada y extenuada por mi obsesión, me arrojó en un profundo sueño. Podría pensarse que soñé con todo esto, mas no fue así. Soñé que salía de mi castillo una mañana, como de costumbre, y veía dos canoas en la costa, de las cuales desembarcaban once salvajes que llevaban consigo a otro de ellos, a quien iban a matar para, después, comérselo. De pronto, el salvaje al que iban a sacrificar, daba un salto y huía para salvarse. Me pareció ver en mi sueño que corría hacia la espesa arboleda frente a mi fortificación para ocultarse y, advirtiendo que estaba solo y que los otros no lo buscarían en esa dirección, me presentaba ante él y le sonreía. Entonces se arrodillaba ante mis pies, como pidiendo ayuda y yo le mostraba la escalera y le hacía subir, le llevaba a la cueva y se convertía en mi servidor. Tan pronto tuve a este hombre conmigo, me dije: «Ahora sí puedo aventurarme hacia el continente, pues este compañero me servirá de piloto, me dirá qué debo hacer, dónde buscar provisiones, dónde no debo ir si no quiero ser devorado, hacia qué lugares debo aventurarme y cuáles debo evitar.» En esto desperté y me sentí invadido por la indescriptible sensación de felicidad que me había causado la perspectiva de mi libertad pero al volver en mí y descubrir que no era más que un sueño, me sentí igualmente invadido por la tristeza y el desencanto.

No obstante, llegué a la conclusión de que la única forma de llevar a cabo un intento de huida era con la ayuda de, algún salvaje y, de ser posible, alguno de los prisioneros que los salvajes traían para darles muerte y devorarlos. Mas aún quedaba otra dificultad que superar: era imposible ejecutar mi plan sin tener que atacar antes a toda una caravana de salvajes, lo cual suponía un acto desesperado, que podía fracasar. Por otra parte, dudaba mucho de la legitimidad de semejante acto y mi corazón se agitaba ante la idea de derramar tanta sangre, aunque fuera para salvarme. No tengo que repetir los argumentos contra este plan que se me ocurrían, pues son los mismos que he mencionado anteriormente; solo que ahora tenía otros motivos, a saber, que aquellos hombres constituían una amenaza para mi vida y me comerían si tuviesen la oportunidad; que lo único que hacía era protegerme de semejante muerte; que actuaba en defensa propia como si en verdad estuviesen atacándome; y cosas por el estilo. Pero, a pesar de que, como he dicho, tenía todos estos argumentos a mi favor, la idea de derramar sangre humana para salvarme me resultaba tan terrible que no lograba reconciliarme con ella en modo alguno.

Finalmente, después de una prolongada incertidumbre, pues todos estos argumentos se agitaron durante mucho tiempo en mi cabeza, mi vehemente deseo de liberación prevaleció sobre todo lo demás y decidí que, si era posible, echaría mano de alguno de aquellos salvajes a, toda costa. Ahora tenía que pensar en la forma de hacerlo y esto era lo más difícil. Mas, como no se me ocurrió nada, decidí ponerme en guardia y acecharlos cuando desembarcasen, dejando el resto a lo que aconteciese y haciendo lo que las circunstancias requirieran.

Con esta resolución, me dediqué a observar la costa tantas veces como pude, lo cual llegó a causarme una profunda fatiga. Casi todos los días, durante un año y medio, me dirigía a la costa occidental de la isla para observar la llegada de sus canoas pero no aparecieron. Esto me desalentó mucho y comencé a sentir una gran inquietud, aunque en este caso no podía decir, como en ocasiones anteriores, que mi deseo hubiese disminuido en lo más mínimo. Más aún, cuanto más tardaban en llegar, más crecía mi ansiedad. En pocas palabras, mi preocupación inicial de no ser visto por estos salvajes y de evitar que me descubrieran era menor que mi actual deseo de caer sobre ellos.

Aparte de esto, imaginaba que capturaba a uno, mejor, a dos o tres salvajes y los convertía en mis esclavos, dispuestos a hacer todo lo que les indicara y desprovistos de todos los medios para hacerme daño.

Durante mucho tiempo abrigué esta idea pero todas mis fantasías se redujeron a nada, ya que nunca se presentó la ocasión de realizarlas. De repente, una mañana, muy temprano, divisé, para mi sorpresa, al menos cinco canoas en la playa en mi lado de la isla. La gente que viajaba en ellas había desembarcado y estaba fuera del alcance de mi vista. Su número deshizo todos mis cálculos, pues solían venir cuatro o cinco, a veces más, en cada canoa y no tenía idea de lo que debía hacer para atacar yo solo a veinte o treinta hombres. Me quedé, pues, en mi castillo, perplejo y abatido. No obstante, adoptando la misma actitud que antes, me preparé, tal y como lo había previsto, para responder a un ataque y para afrontar cualquier eventualidad que se presentara. Al cabo de una larga espera, atento a cualquier ruido que pudiesen hacer, me impacienté y, poniendo mis armas al pie de la escalera, trepé a lo alto de la colina en dos etapas, como siempre, y me aposté de forma que no pudieran verme bajo ningún concepto. Allí observé, con la ayuda de mi catalejo, que no eran menos de treinta hombres, que habían encendido una fogata y que estaban preparando su comida; mas no tenía idea del tipo de alimento que era ni del modo en que lo estaban cocinando. No obstante los vi danzar alrededor del fuego, como era su costumbre, haciendo no sé cuántas figuras y movimientos salvajes.

Mientras los observaba con el catalejo, vi que sacaban a dos infelices de los botes, donde los habían retenido hasta el momento del sacrificio. Observé que uno de ellos caía al suelo, abatido por un bastón o pala de madera, conforme a sus costumbres, e, inmediatamente, otros dos o tres se pusieron a despedazarlo para cocinarlo. Mientras tanto, la otra víctima permanecía a la espera de su turno. En ese mismo instante, aquel pobre infeliz, inspirado por la naturaleza y por la esperanza de salvarse, viéndose aún con cierta libertad, comenzó a correr por la arena a una gran velocidad, en dirección a mi parte de la isla, es decir, hacia donde estaba mi morada.

Sentí un miedo de muerte (debo reconocerlo) cuando lo vi correr hacia mí, especialmente, porque sabía que sería perseguido por los demás. Esperaba que mi sueño se cumpliera y que, en efecto, se refugiase en mi cueva. Mas no podía esperar que los otros no lo siguieran hasta allí. No obstante, permanecí en mi puesto y recobré el aliento cuando advertí que solo lo perseguían tres hombres y que él les llevaba una gran ventaja. Sin duda lograría escapar si sostenía su carrera por espacio de media hora.

Entre ellos y mi morada se hallaba aquel río que mencioné varias veces en la primera parte de mi historia, cuando describía el desembarco del cargamento que había rescatado del naufragio. Evidentemente, el pobre infeliz tendría que cruzarlo a nado, pues, de lo contrario, lo capturarían allí. Al llegar al río, el salvaje se zambulló y ganó la ribera opuesta en unas treinta brazadas, a pesar de que la marea estaba alta. Luego volvió a echar a correr a una velocidad extraordinaria. Cuando los otros tres llegaron al río, pude observar que solo dos de ellos sabían nadar. El tercero no podía hacerlo, por lo que se detuvo en la orilla, miró hacia el otro lado y no prosiguió. En seguida, se dio la vuelta y regresó lentamente, para mayor suerte del que huía.

Observé que los dos que sabían nadar, tardaron el doble del tiempo que el otro en atravesar el río. Entonces, presentí, de forma clara e irresistible, que había llegado la hora de conseguirme un sirviente, tal vez, un compañero o un amigo y que había sido llamado claramente por la Providencia para salvarle la vida a esa pobre criatura. Bajé lo más velozmente que pude por la escalera, cogí las dos escopetas que estaban, como he dicho, al pie de la escalera y volví a subir la colina con la misma celeridad, para descender hasta la playa por el otro lado. Como había tomado un atajo y el camino era cuesta abajo, rápidamente me situé entre los perseguidores y el perseguido. Entonces, le grité a este último, que se volvió, tal vez más espantado por mí que por los otros. Le hice señas con la mano para que regresara, mientras avanzaba lentamente hacia los perseguidores. Me abalancé sobre uno de ellos y le hice caer de un culatazo, mas no me atreví a disparar, por miedo a que los demás lo oyesen, aunque, a tanta distancia era poco probable que lo hicieran, y como no podían ver el humo, tampoco habrían sabido de dónde provenía el disparo. Al ver a su amigo en el suelo, el otro perseguidor se detuvo como espantado. Avancé rápidamente hacia él, mas cuando estuve cerca, advertí que me apuntaba con su arco y su flecha y estaba en disposición de dispararme. Me vi obligado a apuntarle y lo maté con el primer disparo.

El pobre salvaje fugitivo, se detuvo al ver que sus perseguidores habían sido derribados y matados. Estaba tan espantado por el humo y el ruido de mi arma, que se quedó paralizado y no intentó dar un paso ni hacia adelante ni hacia atrás, a pesar de que parecía más inclinado a escapar que a acercarse. Volví a gritarle y a hacerle señas para que se aproximara, las cuales entendió perfectamente. Entonces, dio algunos pasos y se detuvo, avanzó un poco más y volvió a detenerse. Temblaba como si hubiese caído prisionero y estuviese a punto de ser asesinado como sus dos enemigos. Volví a llamarlo e hice todas las señales que pude para alentarlo. Se fue acercando poco a poco, arrodillándose cada diez o doce pasos, en muestra de reconocimiento hacia mí por haberle salvado la vida. Le sonreí, lo miré amablemente y lo invité a seguir avanzando. Finalmente llegó hasta donde yo estaba, volvió a arrodillarse, besó la tierra, apoyó su cabeza sobre ella y, tomándome el pie, lo colocó sobre su cabeza. Al parecer, trataba de decirme que juraba ser mi esclavo para siempre. Lo levanté y lo reconforté como mejor pude. Pero aún quedaba trabajo por hacer, pues advertí que el salvaje al que le había dado el culatazo, no estaba muerto sino tan solo aturdido por el golpe y comenzaba a volver en sí. Lo señalé con el dedo para mostrarle a mi salvaje que no estaba muerto, a lo que me respondió con unas palabras que no pude comprender pero que me sonaron muy dulces ya que era la primera voz humana, aparte de la mía, que escuchaba en más de veinticinco años. Mas no era el momento para semejantes reflexiones pues el salvaje que estaba en el suelo, se había recuperado lo suficiente como para sentarse y el mío comenzaba a dar muestras de temor. Cuando vi esto, le mostré mi otra escopeta al hombre, haciendo ademán de dispararle. Entonces, mi salvaje, que ya podía llamarle así, me pidió con un gesto que le prestase el sable que colgaba desnudo de mi cinturón. Se lo di y, tan pronto como lo tuvo en sus manos, se abalanzó sobre su enemigo y le cortó la cabeza de un golpe tan certero, que ni el más rápido y diestro verdugo de Alemania, lo hubiese podido hacer mejor. Esto me pareció muy extraño, por parte de alguien que nunca había visto un sable en su vida, a no ser que fuese de madera. No obstante, según supe después, los sables de los salvajes son tan afilados y pesados, y están hechos de una madera tan dura, que pueden tronchar cabezas o brazos de un solo golpe. Hecho esto, el salvaje vino hacia mí sonriendo en señal de triunfo para devolverme la espada y, haciendo gestos que yo no llegaba a comprender, la colocó a mis pies junto con la cabeza del salvaje que acababa de matar.

Lo que más le sorprendía era que yo hubiese podido matar al otro indio desde lejos y, señalándolo, me hizo señas para que le permitiese ir a verlo. Le dije que accedía lo mejor que pude. Cuando se le acercó, se quedó como estupefacto, le dio la vuelta hacia un lado y otro y observó la herida de la bala, que le había hecho un agujero en el pecho, del que no manaba mucha sangre (debía hacerlo por dentro, pues el hombre estaba bien muerto). Tomó el arco y las flechas y volvió. Me dispuse a partir y le invité a seguirme, explicándole por señas que podrían venir más salvajes.

A esto me respondió, mediante señas, que los enterraría en la arena para que los demás no pudiesen verlos. Le respondí, también por señas, que lo hiciera y se puso a trabajar. En un momento había hecho un hoyo con sus manos en la arena, lo suficientemente grande como para enterrar al primero. Lo arrastró y lo cubrió con arena y se dispuso a hacer lo mismo con el segundo. Creo que no tardó más de un cuarto de hora en enterrar a ambos. Entonces, lo llamé y lo conduje, no al castillo, sino a la cueva, que estaba en la parte más lejana de la isla. No quería que esa parte de mi sueño no se cumpliera, es decir, la parte en la que lo refugiaba en mi cueva.

Allí le ofrecí un pan y un puñado de pasas para que comiera y un poco de agua, de la cual tenía mucha necesidad a causa de la carrera. Una vez repuesto, le hice señas para que se acostara a dormir, indicándole un lugar donde había colocado un montón de paja de arroz, cubierto con una manta, que yo mismo utilizaba con frecuencia para descansar. El pobre salvaje se acostó y se quedó dormido.

Era un joven hermoso, perfectamente formado, con las piernas rectas y fuertes, no demasiado largas. Era alto, de buena figura y tendría unos veintiséis años. Su semblante era agradable, no parecía hosco ni feroz; su rostro era viril, aunque tenía la expresión suave y dulce de los europeos, en especial, cuando sonreía. Su cabello era largo y negro, no crespo como la lana; su frente era alta y despejada y los ojos le brillaban con vivacidad. Su piel no era negra sino muy tostada, carente de ese tono amarillento de los brasileños, los nativos de Virgina y otros aborígenes americanos; podría decirse que, más bien, era de una aceitunado muy agradable, aunque difícil de describir. Su cara era redonda y clara; su nariz, pequeña pero no chata como la de los negros; y tenía una hermosa boca de labios finos y dientes fuertes, bien alineados y blancos como el marfil.

Después de dormitar durante media hora, se despertó y salió de la cueva a buscarme. Yo me hallaba ordeñando mis cabras, que estaban en el cercado contiguo y, cuando me vio, se acercó corriendo y se dejó caer en el suelo, haciendo toda clase de gestos de humilde agradecimiento. Luego colocó su cabeza sobre el suelo, a mis pies, y colocó uno de ellos sobre su cabeza, como lo había hecho antes. Acto seguido, comenzó a hacer todas las señales imaginables de sumisión y servidumbre, para hacerme entender que estaba dispuesto a obedecerme mientras viviese. Comprendí mucho de lo que quería decirme y le di a entender que estaba muy contento con él. Entonces, comencé a hablarle y a enseñarle a que él también lo hiciera conmigo. En primer lugar, le hice saber que su nombre sería Viernes, que era el día en que le había salvado la vida. También le enseñé a decir amo, y le hice saber que ese sería mi nombre. Le enseñé a decir sí y no, y a comprender el significado de estas palabras. Luego le di un poco de leche en un cacharro de barro, le mostré cómo bebía y mojaba mi pan. Le di un trozo de pan para que hiciera lo mismo e, inmediatamente lo hizo, dándome muestras de que le gustaba mucho.

Pasé con él toda la noche y, tan pronto amaneció, le invité a seguirme y le hice saber que le daría algunas vestimentas, ante lo cual, se mostró encantado pues estaba completamente desnudo. Cuando pasamos por el lugar donde estaban enterrados los dos hombres, me mostró las marcas que había hecho en el lugar exacto donde se hallaban. Me hizo señas de que nos los comiéramos, ante lo que me mostré muy enfadado, expresando el horror que me causaba semejante idea y haciendo como si vomitara. Le indiqué con la mano que me siguiera, lo cual, hizo inmediatamente y con gran sumisión. Entonces lo llevé hasta la cima de la colina, para ver si sus enemigos se habían marchado y, sacando mi catalejo, divisé claramente el lugar donde habían estado, mas no vi rastro de ellos ni de sus canoas. Era evidente que habían partido, abandonando a sus compañeros sin buscarlos.

Sin embargo, no me quedé satisfecho con este descubrimiento. Con más valor y, por consiguiente, con mayor curiosidad, llevé a Viernes conmigo, le puse el sable en la mano, le coloqué en la espalda el arco y las flechas, con los que, según descubrí, era muy diestro. Hice que me llevara una de las escopetas y yo me encargué de llevar otras dos. Nos encaminamos hacia el lugar donde habían estado aquellas criaturas, pues deseaba saber más de ellos, y cuando llegamos, la sangre se me heló en las venas y el corazón se me paralizó ante el horror del espectáculo. Era algo realmente pavoroso, al menos, para mí, porque a Viernes no le afectó en absoluto. El lugar estaba totalmente cubierto de huesos humanos, la tierra estaba teñida de sangre y había por doquier grandes trozos de carne devorados a medias, chamuscados y mutilados; en pocas palabras, los restos de un festín triunfal que se había celebrado allí, después de la victoria sobre sus enemigos. Vi tres cráneos, cinco manos y los huesos de tres o cuatro piernas y pies, y gran cantidad de partes de cuerpos. Viernes me dio a entender, por medio de señas, que habían traído cuatro prisioneros para la ceremonia; que tres de ellos habían sido devorados; que él, dijo señalándose a sí mismo, era el cuarto; que había habido una gran batalla entre ellos y un rey vecino, uno de cuyos súbditos, al parecer, era él; y que habían capturado muchos prisioneros, que fueron conducidos a diferentes lugares por los vencedores de la batalla para ser devorados como lo habían hecho allí con aquellos pobres infelices.

Le indiqué a Viernes que juntara los cráneos, los huesos, la carne y los demás restos; que lo apilara todo bien y le prendiese fuego hasta que se convirtiera en cenizas. Me di cuenta de que a Viernes le apetecía mucho aquella carne, pues era un caníbal por naturaleza, pero le mostré tal horror ante ello, incluso ante la sola idea de que pudiera hacerlo, que se abstuvo, sabiendo, según le había hecho comprender, que lo mataría si se atrevía.

Cuando terminó de hacer esto, volvimos a nuestro castillo y me puse a trabajar para mi siervo Viernes. En primer lugar, le di un par de calzones de lienzo de los que había rescatado del naufragio en el cofre del pobre artillero, que ya he mencionado. Con un poco de arreglo, le sentaron bien. Entonces, le confeccioné, lo mejor que pude, una casaca de cuero de cabra, pues me había convertido en un sastre medianamente diestro, y le di una gorra de piel de liebre, muy cómoda y bastante elegante. De este modo, logré vestirlo adecuadamente y él se mostró muy contento de verse casi tan bien vestido como su amo. Ciertamente, al principio se movía con torpeza dentro de estas ropas, pues los calzones le resultaban incómodos y las mangas de la chaqueta le molestaban en los hombros y debajo de los brazos. Mas, con el tiempo, y después de aflojarle un poco donde decía que le hacían daño, se acostumbró a ellas perfectamente.

Al día siguiente de llegar con él a mi madriguera, comencé a pensar dónde debía alojarlo, de modo que fuese cómodo para él y conveniente para mí. Le hice una pequeña tienda en el espacio que había entre mis dos fortificaciones, fuera de la primera y dentro de la segunda. Como allí había una puerta o apertura hacia mi cueva, hice un buen marco y una puerta de tablas, que coloqué en el pasillo, un poco más adentro de la entrada, de modo que se pudiese abrir desde el interior. Por la noche, la atrancaba y retiraba las dos escaleras para que Viernes no pudiese pasar al interior de mi primera muralla sin hacer algún ruido que me alertase. Esta muralla tenía ahora un gran techo hecho de vigas, que cubría toda mi tienda. Estaba apoyado en la roca, atravesado por unas ramas entrelazadas, que hacían las veces de listones, y recubierto de una gruesa capa de paja de arroz, que era tan fuerte como las cañas. En la apertura o hueco que había dejado para entrar o salir con la escalera, coloqué una especie de puerta-trampa, que, en caso de un ataque del exterior, no se habría abierto sino que habría caído con gran estrépito. En cuanto a las armas, las guardaba conmigo todas las noches.

En realidad, todas estas precauciones eran innecesarias, pues jamás hombre alguno tuvo servidor más fiel, cariñoso y sincero que Viernes. Absolutamente carente de pasiones, obstinaciones y proyectos, era totalmente sumiso y afable y me quería como un niño a su padre. Me atrevo a decir que hubiese sacrificado su vida para salvarme en cualquier circunstancia y me dio tantas pruebas de ello, que logró convencerme de que no tenía razón para dudar ni protegerme de él.

Esto me dio la oportunidad de reconocer con asombro que si Dios, en su providencia y gobierno de toda su creación, había decidido privar a tantas criaturas del buen uso que podían hacer de sus facultades y su espíritu, no obstante, les había dotado de las mismas capacidades, la misma razón, los mismos afectos, la misma bondad y lealtad, las mismas pasiones y resentimientos hacia el mal, la misma gratitud, sinceridad, fidelidad y demás facultades de hacer y recibir el bien que a nosotros. Y, si a Él le complacía darles la oportunidad de ejercerlos, estaban tan dispuestos como nosotros, incluso más que nosotros mismos, a utilizarlos correctamente. A veces, sentía una gran melancolía al pensar en el uso tan mediocre que hacemos de nuestras facultades, aun cuando nuestro entendimiento está iluminado por la gran llama de la instrucción, el espíritu de Dios y el conocimiento de su palabra. Me preguntaba por qué Dios se había complacido en ocultar este conocimiento salvador a tantos millones de seres que, a juzgar por este salvaje, habrían hecho mucho mejor uso de él que nosotros. 

15

Habían transcurrido tres o cuatro días desde nuestro regreso al castillo, cuando pensé que, para apartar a Viernes de sus espantosos hábitos alimenticios y hacerle desistir de su apetito caníbal, debía hacerle probar otra carne. Con este propósito, una mañana lo llevé al bosque para matar un cabrito del rebaño y llevarlo a casa para cocinarlo. En el camino encontré una cabra echada a la sombra con dos crías a su alrededor. Detuve a Viernes y le dije: -Detente y quédate quieto. Le hice señas para que no se moviera, saqué rápidamente mi escopeta y, de un disparo, mate a una de las crías. El pobre salvaje, que ya me había visto matar a uno de sus enemigos desde lejos y no podía imaginar cómo lo había hecho, quedó tan sorprendido y se puso a temblar de tal modo, que pensé que se iba a desmayar. No miró al cabrito al que le había disparado, ni se dio cuenta de que lo había matado sino que abrió su chaqueta para ver si no estaba herido, por lo que pude comprender que pensaba que estaba decidido a matarlo. Entonces, se arrodilló junto a mí y, abrazándome por las rodillas, dijo muchas cosas que no pude entender, aunque podía imaginar perfectamente que me suplicaba que no lo matase.

Pronto encontré una forma de convencerlo de que no le haría daño. Le tomé de la mano para que se pusiese en pie y le sonreí, enseñándole el cabrito que había matado y dándole a entender que fuese a buscarlo. Así lo hizo y, mientras buscaba admirado la forma en que había sido muerto el animal, vi un gran pájaro parecido a un halcón, que estaba posado en un árbol, al alcance de un tiro. Volví a cargar la escopeta, y para que Viernes comprendiera un poco lo que iba a hacer, lo llamé nuevamente y le mostré el pájaro, que, en realidad era una cotorra, aunque al principio me hubiese parecido un halcón. Entonces, señalé al pájaro y luego a mi escopeta y a la tierra que estaba debajo del pájaro para que viera dónde lo haría caer. Le hice entender que dispararía y mataría al pájaro. Consecuentemente, disparé y le hice mirar. Inmediatamente, vio caer al pájaro y se quedó espantado otra vez, a pesar de todo lo que le había explicado. Me di cuenta de que estaba asombrado porque no me había visto meter nada dentro de la escopeta y pensaría que aquello debía tener una fuente misteriosa de muerte y destrucción, capaz de matar hombres, bestias, pájaros y cualquier cosa, cercana o lejana. Esto le provocó un asombro tal, que tuvo que transcurrir mucho tiempo antes de que se le pasara y, creo que si se lo hubiese permitido nos habría adorado a mí y a mi escopeta. A esta, no se atrevió siquiera a tocarla pero le hablaba como si pudiese responderle. Más tarde me explicó que le había pedido que no lo matara.

Después de que se le pasara un poco el susto, le indiqué que fuese a buscar el pájaro que había matado y así lo hizo, pero tardó en volver porque el pájaro, que no estaba muerto del todo, se había arrastrado a una gran distancia del lugar donde había caído. Finalmente, lo encontró, lo recogió y me lo trajo. Como había percibido su ignorancia respecto a la escopeta, aproveché la oportunidad para volver a cargarla sin que me viera y, de este modo, tenerla lista para una próxima ocasión; mas no se presentó ninguna. Así, pues, llevamos el cabrito a casa y esa misma noche lo desollé y lo troceé lo mejor que pude. Puse a hervir o a cocer algunos trozos en un puchero, que tenía para este propósito, e hice un buen caldo. Después de probarla, le di un poco de carne a mi siervo, a quien pareció gustarle mucho. Lo único que le extrañó fue ver que yo le echaba sal y me hizo una señal para decirme que la sal no era buena. Se puso un poco en la boca, fingió que le provocaba náuseas y comenzó a escupir y a enjuagarse la boca con agua fresca. Por mi parte, me metí un poco de carne sin sal en la boca y fingí escupirla tan rápidamente como antes lo había hecho él con la sal. Mas, fue en vano, porque nunca quiso poner sal en la carne ni en el caldo; al menos, durante mucho tiempo y, aun después, tan solo en muy pequeñas cantidades.

Habiéndole dado de comer carne hervida y caldo, decidí que, al día siguiente, lo agasajaría con un trozo del cabrito asado. Lo preparé del mismo modo que lo había visto hacer a mucha gente en Inglaterra. Colgué el cabrito de una cuerda junto al fuego, clavé dos estacas, una a cada lado del fuego, y, apoyada entre ambas, coloqué una tercera estaca, alrededor de la cual até la cuerda para que la carne diera vueltas constantemente. Esta técnica sorprendió mucho a Viernes y cuando probó la carne, me explicó de tantas formas lo mucho que le había gustado, que no pude menos que entenderlo. Finalmente, me manifestó que no volvería a comer carne humana, lo cual me alegró mucho.

Al día siguiente le enseñé a moler el grano del modo en que solía hacerlo y que ya he explicado anteriormente. Rápidamente aprendió a hacerlo tan bien como yo, en especial, cuando comprendió su propósito, que era preparar pan, pues en seguida le mostré cómo lo hacía y también cómo lo horneaba. En poco tiempo, Viernes aprendió a realizar todas las tareas tan bien como yo.

Comencé a considerar que, siendo dos bocas que alimentar en vez de una, debía procurar más tierra para el cultivo y plantar más cantidad de grano que de costumbre. Delimité un terreno más grande y comencé a cercarlo del mismo modo en que lo había hecho antes. Viernes no solo trabajó con mucha disposición y empeño sino también con mucho entusiasmo. Le expliqué que lo hacíamos con el propósito de sembrar grano para hacer pan, porque ahora él vivía conmigo y necesitábamos más. Se mostró muy sensible a esto y me dio a entender que pensaba que, a causa de él, yo tenía mucho más trabajo y, por lo tanto, trabajaría arduamente si le decía lo que debía hacer.

Este fue el año más agradable de todos los que pasé en este lugar. Viernes comenzó a hablar bastante bien y a entender los nombres de casi todas las cosas que le pedía y de los lugares a donde le ordenaba ir y llegó a ser capaz de conversar conmigo. De este modo, en poco tiempo, recuperé mi lengua, que durante mucho tiempo no tuve oportunidad de usar, me refiero al lenguaje. Aparte del placer que me provocaba hablar con él,`sentía una particular simpatía por el chico. Su honestidad no fingida se mostraba más claramente cada día y llegué a sentir un verdadero cariño hacia él. Por su parte, creo que me quería más que a nada en el mundo.

Un día, quise saber si sentía alguna inclinación por volver a su tierra y, como le había enseñado a hablar tan bien el inglés, que podía responder a casi cualquier pregunta, le interrogué si la nación a la que pertenecía había vencido alguna vez en alguna batalla. Con una sonrisa, me contestó: -Sí, sí, siempre luchan los mejores -lo cual quería decir que siempre vencían. Entonces, comenzamos a dialogar de la siguiente manera: -Ustedes siempre son los mejores -le dije-, entonces, ¿cómo es que caíste prisionero, Viernes?

Viernes: Mi nación venció mucho.

Amo: ¿Venció? Si tu nación venció, ¿cómo caíste prisionero?

Viernes: Ellos más muchos que mi nación en el lugar que yo estoy; ellos toman uno, dos, tres y yo; mi nación venció a ellos en el otro lugar donde yo no estaba; allá mi nación toman uno, dos, muchos miles.

Amo: Entonces, ¿por qué tu bando no os rescató de vuestros enemigos?

Viernes: Ellos tomaron uno, dos, tres y yo en la canoa. Mi nación no tener canoa esta vez.

Amo: Pues bien, Viernes, ¿qué hace tu nación con los hombres que toma prisioneros? ¿Se los lleva y se los come como ellos?

Viernes: Sí, mi nación también come hombres, come todo.

Amo: ¿Dónde los lleva?

Viernes: A otro sitio que piensan.

Amo: ¿Vienen aquí?

Viernes: Sí vienen aquí y a otro lugar.

Amo: ¿Has estado aquí con ellos?

Viernes: Sí, he estado (y señala el extremo noroeste de la isla, que, al parecer, era su lado).

Así comprendí que mi siervo Viernes había estado antes entre los salvajes que solían venir a la costa, al extremo más remoto de la isla, para celebrar festines caníbales como el que lo había traído hasta aquí. Algún tiempo después, cuando hallé el valor de llevarlo a ese lado, el mismo que ya he mencionado, lo reconoció y me dijo que había estado allí una vez que se habían comido a veinte hombres, dos mujeres y un niño. No sabía decir veinte en inglés, de manera que colocó veinte piedras en fila y las señaló para que yo las contara.

He contado esto a modo de introducción para lo que sigue, pues, después de esta conversación, le pregunté a qué distancia estaba nuestra isla de sus costas y si alguna vez se perdían las canoas. Me respondió que no había ningún peligro, que jamás se había perdido ninguna canoa y que, adentrándose un poco en el mar, por las mañanas, el viento y la corriente se dirigían siempre hacia la misma dirección y, por las tardes, en dirección opuesta.

FALTA LA TRADUCCION

Le pregunté si podía decirme cómo llegar hasta donde estaban aquellos hombres blancos desde aquí y me respondió que sí, que podía ir en dos canoas. No pude entender qué quería decir cuando hablaba de dos canoas, hasta que, por fin, con mucha dificultad, comprendí que se refería a un bote tan grande como dos canoas juntas.

Esta parte del discurso de Viernes me alegró mucho y, desde ese momento, concebí la esperanza de poder escapar algún día de este lugar y de que este pobre salvaje fuera el que me ayudara a conseguirlo.

Desde que Viernes estaba conmigo y había empezado a hablarme y a entenderme, quise inculcar en su alma los fundamentos de la religión. Un día le pregunté quién lo había creado y la pobre criatura no me comprendió en absoluto; pensaba que le preguntaba por su padre. Entonces, decidí darle otro giro al asunto y le pregunté quién había hecho el mar, la tierra que pisábamos, las montañas y los bosques. Me contestó que había sido el anciano Benamuckee, que vivía más allá de todo. No pudo decirme nada más acerca de esta gran persona, excepto que era muy viejo, mucho más que el mar, la tierra, la luna y las estrellas. Le pregunté por qué, si este anciano había hecho todas las cosas de la tierra, no era venerado por ellas. Se mostró muy serio e, inocentemente, me respondió: -Todas las cosas le dicen «¡Oh!» Le pregunté si las personas que morían en su país iban a alguna parte. Me dijo que sí, que todos iban a Benamuckee. Entonces, le pregunté si los que eran devorados también iban allí. Me dijo que sí.

A partir de esto, comencé a instruirle en el conocimiento del verdadero Dios. Le dije, apuntando hacia el cielo, que el Creador de todas las cosas vivía allí arriba; que Él gobierna el mundo con el mismo poder y la Providencia con que lo había creado; que era omnipotente y podía hacerlo todo, dárnoslo todo y quitárnoslo todo. Así, poco a poco, fui abriendo sus ojos. Escuchaba con mucha atención y se mostró complacido con la idea de que Jesucristo hubiese sido enviado para redimirnos, con nuestra forma de orar a Dios y con que pudiese escucharnos, incluso en el cielo. Un día me dijo que si nuestro Dios podía escucharnos desde más allá del sol, debía ser un dios mayor que Benamuckee, que vivía más cerca y que, sin embargo, no podía escucharlos, a menos que fuesen a hablarle a las grandes montañas donde moraba. Le pregunté si alguna vez había ido allí a hablar con él y me dijo que no, pues los jóvenes nunca iban a hablar con él; los únicos que podían ir eran los viejos, a quienes llamaba oowocakee, y que son, según me explicó, sus sacerdotes o religiosos. Estos iban a decirle «¡Oh!» (que era su forma de referirse a las plegarias) y regresaban para contarles lo que les había dicho Benamuckee. Entonces, pude darme cuenta de que el sacerdocio, incluso entre los paganos más ciegos e ignorantes, y la política de mantener una religión secreta para que el pueblo venere al clero, no solo se encuentra en la religión romana sino, tal vez, en todas las religiones del mundo, incluso entre los salvajes más bárbaros e irracionales.

Intenté aclarar este fraude a mi siervo Viernes y le dije que la pretensión de sus ancianos de ir a las montañas a decir «¡Oh!» a su dios Benamuckee era una impostura; así como las palabras que supuestamente les atribuían, lo eran aún más; y que si hallaban alguna respuesta o hablaban con alguien en aquel lugar, debía ser con un espíritu maligno. Luego hice una larga disertación acerca del diablo, su origen, su rebelión contra Dios, su odio hacia los hombres, la razón de dicho odio, su afán por hacerse adorar en las regiones más oscuras del mundo en lugar de Dios, o como si lo fuera, y la infinidad de artimañas que utilizaba para inducir a la humanidad a la ruina. Le dije que tenía un acceso secreto a nuestras pasiones y nuestros sentimientos, mediante el cual nos hacía actuar conforme a sus inclinaciones, caer en nuestras propias tentaciones y seguir el camino de nuestra perdición por nuestra propia elección.

Me di cuenta de que no era tan fácil imprimir en su espíritu la correcta noción del demonio como la de la existencia de Dios. La naturaleza apoyaba todos mis argumentos para demostrarle la necesidad de una gran Causa Primera, de un poder supremo, de una providencia secreta y de la equidad y justicia de rendirle homenaje a Él, que todo lo había creado. Mas nada de esto figuraba en la noción de un espíritu maligno, su origen, su existencia, su naturaleza y, sobre todo, su inclinación por hacer el mal y arrastrarnos a hacerlo. Una vez, la pobre criatura me dejó tan perplejo con una pregunta, totalmente inocente e ingenua, que apenas supe qué contestar. Había estado hablándole largamente del poder de Dios, de su omnipotencia, del modo tan espantoso en que castigaba el pecado, del fuego devorador que aguardaba a los agentes de la iniquidad, de cómo nos había creado a todos y de cómo podía destruirnos a nosotros y al mundo entero en un instante. Mientras tanto, Viernes me escuchaba con mucha seriedad.

Entonces, le dije que el demonio era el enemigo de Dios en el corazón de los hombres, que usaba toda su maldad y su ingenio para derrotar los buenos designios de la Providencia y arruinar el reino de Jesucristo en la tierra, y otras cosas por el estilo. -Pues bien -dijo Viernes-, tú dices, Dios es tan fuerte grande, ¿no es más fuerte, más poder que el demonio? -Sí, sí, Viernes dije yo-, Dios es más fuerte que el demonio, Dios está por encima del demonio y, por lo tanto, rogamos a Dios que lo ponga bajo nuestros pies y nos ayude a resistir a sus tentaciones y extinguir sus dardos ardientes. -Pero -volvió a decir-, si Dios más fuerte, más poder que el demonio, ¿por qué Dios no mata al demonio para que no haga más mal?

Me quedé muy sorprendido ante su pregunta, ya que, después de todo, aunque yo era un viejo, no era más que un aprendiz de doctor que carecía de las cualificaciones necesarias para hablar de casuística o resolver este tipo de problemas. Al principio, no supe qué decirle, de modo que fingí no haberle escuchado y le pregunté qué había dicho pero él estaba demasiado ansioso por escuchar una respuesta como para olvidar su pregunta, así que la repitió, con las mismas palabras quebradas de antes. Para entonces, ya me había repuesto un poco y dije: -Al final, Dios lo castigará severamente. Está aguardando el día del juicio final, cuando será arrojado a un abismo sin fondo y morará en el fuego eterno. Viernes no quedó conforme con esta respuesta y, repitiendo mis palabras, me contestó: -Aguardando, final, mí no entiende, ¿por qué no matar al demonio ahora?, ¿por qué no gran antes? -Podrías preguntarme también -le respondí-, ¿por qué Dios no nos mata a ti y a mí cuando hacemos cosas que le ofenden? Nos protege para que nos arrepintamos y seamos perdonados. Se quedó pensativo un rato. -Bien, bien -me dijo muy afectuosamente-, muy bien, así tú, yo, demonio, todos malos, todos protegidos, arrepentir, Dios perdona todos. Nuevamente, me quedé muy sorprendido y esto fue para mí un testimonio de cómo las simples nociones de la naturaleza, si bien dirigen a los seres responsables hacia el conocimiento de Dios y, por consiguiente, al culto u homenaje de ese ser supremo que es Dios, solo una divina revelación puede darnos el conocimiento de Jesucristo y de la redención que obtuvo para nosotros, de un mediador, de un nuevo pacto y de un intercesor ante el trono de Dios. Es decir, solo una revelación del cielo puede imprimir estas nociones en el alma y, por consiguiente, el Evangelio de nuestro señor y salvador Jesucristo, quiero decir, la palabra de Dios, y el espíritu de Dios, prometido a su pueblo para guiarlo y santificarlo, son absolutamente indispensables para instruir las almas de los hombres en el conocimiento salvador de Dios y los medios para obtener la salvación.

Por tanto, interrumpí el diálogo que sostenía con mi siervo y me puse en pie a toda prisa, como si, súbitamente, tuviese que salir. Lo mandé ir muy lejos con cualquier pretexto y le rogué fervientemente a Dios que me hiciera capaz de instruir a este pobre salvaje en el camino de la salvación y guiar su corazón, a fin de que recibiese la luz del conocimiento de Cristo y se reconciliara con Él. Le rogué que me hiciera un instrumento de su palabra para que pudiera convencerlo, abrir sus ojos y salvar su alma. Cuando regresó, le di un largo discurso acerca del tema de la redención del hombre por el Salvador del mundo y de la doctrina del Evangelio, predicada desde el cielo; es decir, del arrepentimiento hacia Dios y de la fe en nuestro bendito Señor Jesucristo. Luego le expliqué, lo mejor que pude, por qué nuestro bendito Redentor no había asumido la naturaleza de los ángeles sino la de los hijos de Abraham y cómo, por esta razón, los ángeles caídos podían ser redimidos, pues Él había venido a salvar solo a los corderos descarriados de la casa de Israel.

Había, Dios lo sabe, más sinceridad que sabiduría en todos los métodos que adopté para instruir a esta pobre criatura y debo reconocer lo que cualquiera podría comprobar si actuara según el mismo principio: que, al explicarle todas estas cosas, me informaba y me instruía en muchas de ellas que antes ignoraba o que no había considerado en profundidad anteriormente pero que se me ocurrían naturalmente cuando buscaba la forma de informárselas a este pobre salvaje. Ahora indagaba estas cosas con mucho más ahínco que nunca antes en mi vida. Así, pues, aunque no sabía si, en realidad, este pobre desgraciado me estaba haciendo un bien, tenía motivos de sobra para agradecer que hubiese llegado a mi vida. Mis penas se hicieron más leves, mi morada infinitamente más confortable. Pensaba que en esta vida solitaria a la que estaba confinado, no solo me había hecho volver la mirada al cielo para buscar la mano que me había puesto allí, sino que, ahora, me había convertido en un instrumento de la Providencia para salvar la vida y, sin duda, el alma a un pobre salvaje e instruirlo en el verdadero conocimiento de la religión y la doctrina cristiana y para que conociera a nuestro Señor Jesucristo. Por eso digo que, cuando reflexionaba sobre todas estas cosas, un secreto gozo recorría todo mi espíritu y, con frecuencia, me regocijaba por haber sido llevado a este lugar, que tantas veces me pareció la más terrible de las desgracias que pudiesen haberme ocurrido.

En este estado de agradecimiento pasé el resto del tiempo y las horas que empleaba conversando con Viernes eran tan gratas, que los tres años que vivimos juntos aquí fueron completa y perfectamente felices, si es que existe algo como la felicidad total en un estado sublunar. El salvaje se había convertido en un buen cristiano, incluso mejor que yo, aunque tengo razones para creer, bendito sea Dios por ello, que ambos éramos penitentes, penitentes consolados y reformados. Aquí leíamos la palabra de Dios y su Espíritu nos guiaba como si hubiésemos estado en Inglaterra.

Me dedicada constantemente a la lectura de las Escrituras para explicarle, lo mejor que podía, el significado de lo que leía y él, a su vez, con sus serias preguntas, me convertía, como ya he dicho, en un estudioso de las Escrituras, mucho más aplicado de lo que habría sido si me hubiese dedicado meramente a la lectura privada. Hay algo más que no puedo dejar de observar y que aprendí de esta solitaria experiencia: resulta una infinita e inexpresable bendición que el conocimiento de Dios y de la doctrina de la salvación de Jesucristo estuvieran tan claramente explicados en la palabra de Dios y pudieran recibirse y comprenderse tan fácilmente que, con una simple lectura de las Escrituras, llegara a comprender que debía arrepentirme sinceramente por mis pecados y, confiando en el Salvador, reformarme y obedecer todos los dictados del Señor; todo esto, sin ningún maestro o instructor, quiero decir, humano. Así pues, esta simple instrucción bastó para iluminar a esta criatura salvaje y convertirla en un cristiano como ninguno que hubiese conocido.

Todas las disputas, controversias, rivalidades y discusiones en torno a la religión, que han tenido lugar en el mundo ya fueran sutilezas doctrinales o proyectos de gobierno eclesiástico, eran totalmente inútiles para nosotros, al igual que lo han sido, por lo que he visto hasta ahora, para el resto del mundo. Nosotros teníamos una guía infalible para llegar al cielo en la palabra de Dios y estábamos iluminados por el Espíritu de Dios, que nos enseñaba e instruía por medio de Su palabra, nos llevaba por el camino de la verdad y nos hacía obedientes a sus enseñanzas. En verdad, no sé de qué nos habría valido conocer profundamente esas grandes controversias religiosas, que tanta confusión han creado en el mundo. Pero debo proseguir con la parte histórica de los hechos y contar cada cosa en su lugar.

Una vez que Viernes y yo tuvimos una relación más íntima, que podía entender casi todo lo que le decía y hablar con fluidez, aunque en un inglés entrecortado, le conté mi propia historia, o, al menos, la parte relacionada con mi llegada a la isla, la forma en que había vivido y el tiempo que llevaba allí. Lo inicié en los misterios, pues así lo veía, de la pólvora y las balas y le enseñé a disparar. Le di un cuchillo, lo cual le proporcionó un gran placer, y le hice un cinturón del cual colgaba una vaina, como las que se usan en Inglaterra para colgar los cuchillos de caza pero, en vez de un cuchillo le di una azuela, que era un arma igualmente útil en la mayoría de los casos y, en algunos, incluso más.

Le expliqué cómo era Europa, en especial Inglaterra, de donde provenía; cómo vivíamos, cómo adorábamos a Dios, cómo nos relacionábamos y cómo comerciábamos con nuestros barcos en todo el mundo. Le conté sobre el naufragio del barco en el que viajaba y le mostré, lo mejor que pude, el lugar donde se había encallado aunque ya se había desbaratado y desaparecido.

Le mostré las ruinas del bote que habíamos perdido cuando huimos, el cual no pude mover pese a todos mis esfuerzos en aquel momento, y que ahora se hallaba casi totalmente deshecho. Cuando Viernes vio el bote, se quedó pensativo un buen rato sin decir una palabra. Le pregunté en qué pensaba y, por fin, me dijo: -Yo veo bote igual venir a mi nación.

Al principio no comprendí lo que quería decir pero, finalmente cuando lo hube examinado con más atención, me di cuenta de que se refería a un bote similar a aquél, que había sido arrastrado hasta las costas de su país; en otras palabras, según me explicó, había sido arrastrado por la fuerza de una tormenta. En el momento pensé que algún barco europeo había naufragado en aquellas costas y que su chalupa se habría soltado y habría sido arrastrada hasta la costa. Fui tan tonto que ni siquiera se me ocurrió pensar que los hombres hubiesen podido escapar del naufragio, ni, mucho menos, informarme de dónde provendrían, así que solo se lo pregunté después que describió el bote.

-Sí -dijo-, el bote lleno hombres blancos. Le pregunté cuántos había y, contando con los dedos, me dijo que diecisiete. Entonces le pregunté qué había sido de ellos y me dijo: -Ellos viven, ellos habitan en mi nación.

Esto me suscitó nuevos pensamientos, pues imaginé que podía ser la tripulación del barco que había naufragado cerca de mi isla, como la llamaba ahora. Después de que el barco se estrellara contra las rocas, viendo que se hundiría inevitablemente, se habían salvado en el bote y habían llegado a aquella costa habitada por salvajes.

Entonces, le pregunté más minuciosamente, qué había sido de ellos. Me aseguró que vivían allí desde hacía casi cuatro años, que los salvajes no les habían hecho nada y que les habían dado vituallas para su supervivencia. Le pregunté por qué no los habían matado y se los habían comido. Me contestó: -No, ellos hacen hermanos -es decir, según me pareció entender, una tregua. Luego añadió: -Ellos no comen hombres sino cuando hace la guerra pelear- es decir, que no se comían a ningún hombre que no hubiese luchado contra ellos y no fuese prisionero de batalla.

Había transcurrido mucho tiempo después de esto, cuando, estando en la cima de la colina, al lado este de la isla, desde donde, como he dicho, en un día claro, había des cubierto la tierra o continente de América, Viernes, aprovechando el buen tiempo, se puso a mirar fijamente hacia la tierra firme y, como por sorpresa, se puso a bailar y a saltar y me llamó, pues me encontraba a cierta distancia. Le pregunté qué pasaba. -¡Oh, alegría! dijo-, ¡oh, contento! ¡Allá ve mi país, allá mi nación!

Pude observar que una extraordinaria expresión de placer se dibujó en su rostro; sus ojos brillaban y en su semblante se descubría una extraña ansiedad, como si hubiese pensado regresar a su país. Esta observación me hizo pensar muchas cosas, que al principio me causaron una inquietud que no había experimentado antes respecto a mi siervo Viernes. Pensé que si Viernes volvía a su país, no solo olvidaría su religión, sino todas sus obligaciones hacia mí y sería capaz de informar a sus compatriotas sobre mí y, tal vez, regresar con cien o doscientos de ellos para hacer un festín conmigo, tan felizmente como lo hacía antes con los enemigos que tomaba prisioneros.

Pero cometía un grave error, del que luego me arrepentí, con aquella pobre y honesta criatura. No obstante, a medida que aumentaban mis recelos, por espacio de casi dos semanas, estuve reservado y circunspecto y me mostré menos amable y familiar con él que de costumbre. En esto también me equivocaba, pues la honrada y agradecida criatura no tenía ni un solo pensamiento que no fuera acorde con los mejores principios, tanto de un cristiano devoto como de un amigo agradecido, y así lo demostró después, para mi absoluta satisfacción.

Mientras duró mi desconfianza, podéis estar seguros de que me pasaba el día espiándolo para ver si descubría en él alguna de las intenciones que le atribuía. Mas pude constar que todo lo que decía era tan sincero e inocente, que no podía hallar ningún motivo para alimentar mis sospechas. Finalmente, pese a todas mis inquietudes, logró que volviera a confiar en él plenamente, sin siquiera imaginar el malestar que sentía, lo cual me convenció de que no me engañaba.

Un día, mientras subíamos la misma colina, no pudiendo ver el continente, pues había mucha bruma en el mar, lo llamé y le pregunté: -Viernes, ¿no deseas volver a tu país, a tu nación? -Sí -me respondió-, está muy contento volver a su país. -Y, ¿qué harías allí? -le pregunté-. ¿Te convertirías otra vez en un bárbaro, comerías carne humana y vivirías como un caníbal? Me miró lleno de preocupación y, meneando la cabeza, me respondió: -No, no. Viernes dice vive bien, dice rogar a Dios, dice comer pan de grano, carne de rebaño, leche, no come hombre otra vez. -Pero, entonces te matarían. Se mostró muy grave ante esto y luego contestó: -No, ellos no matan mí, ellos aman mucho aprender. Se refería a que ellos estaban deseosos de aprender y añadió que habían aprendido mucho de los hombres con barba que habían llegado en el bote. Entonces, le pregunté si quería volver con los suyos. Sonrió y me dijo que no podía regresar nadando. Le respondí que haríamos una canoa para él y me dijo que iría si yo le acompañaba. -Yo iría -le dije-, pero ellos me comerían si voy. -No, no -dijo-, yo hago no te comen, yo hago te quieren mucho. Quería decir que les diría cómo yo había dado muerte a sus enemigos y le había salvado la vida para que me quisieran. Luego me dijo, lo mejor que pudo, que habían sido muy generosos con los diecisiete hombres blancos con barba, como solía llamarlos, que habían llegado hasta allí en apuros.

Desde aquel momento, debo confesar, sentí deseos de aventurarme y buscar el modo de reunirme con aquellos hombres barbudos, que debían ser españoles o portugueses. No dudaba que desde el continente y con buena compañía, encontraría un medio para escapar, mucho más viable que desde una isla a cuarenta millas de la costa, solo y sin ayuda. Así, pues, al cabo de unos días, reanudé la conversación con Viernes y le dije que le daría mi bote para regresar a su nación. Le conduje a mi piragua, que se encontraba al otro lado de la isla y, después de sacarle el agua, puesto que siempre la tenía sumergida, se la mostré y entramos los dos en ella.

Descubrí que era muy diestro en su manejo y que podía hacerla navegar con tanta habilidad y ligereza como yo. Cuando estaba dentro de ella, le pregunté: -Y bien, Viernes, ¿vamos a tu nación? Él se quedó estupefacto al oírme, al parecer, porque le parecía demasiado pequeña para ir hasta tan lejos. Le dije que tenía un bote más grande y, al día siguiente, fuimos al lugar donde estaba el primer bote que fabriqué pero no había podido llevar hasta el agua. Dijo que era lo suficientemente grande pero, como no lo había cuidado en veintidós o veintitrés años, el sol lo había astillado y secado y parecía estar algo podrido. Viernes me dijo que un bote como ese sería adecuado y que llevaríamos «mucha suficiente comida, bebida y pan», en su inglés entrecortado 

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En resumidas cuentas, para entonces, estaba tan obsesionado con la idea de ir con Viernes al continente, que le dije que lo haríamos y construiríamos un bote tan grande como aquél para que él pudiese ir a su casa. No me respondió pero me miró con tristeza. Le pregunté qué le ocurría y me contestó: -¿Por qué tú enfadado con Viernes? ¿Qué hice mí? Le pregunté qué quería decir, asegurándole que no estaba enfadado con él en absoluto. -¡No enfadado!, ¡no enfadado! -repitió varias veces-, ¿por qué envía a Viernes a casa a su nación? -¿Me preguntas por qué, Viernes? ¿Acaso no has dicho que deseabas estar allá? -Sí, sí -respondió-, desea que los dos está allí, no Viernes allí sin amo. En otras palabras, no podía pensar en marcharse sin mí. -¿Yo ir allí, Viernes? -le pregunté-, ¿qué puedo hacer yo allí? Se volvió rápidamente: -Tú hace gran mucho bien -dijo-, tú enseña hombres salvajes es hombres buenos y mansos. Tú dice conoce a Dios, reza a Dios y vive nueva vida. -¡Ay de mí!, Viernes -dije-, no sabes lo que dices, soy un hombre ignorante. -Sí, sí -contestó-, tú enseña mí bien, tú enseña ellos bien. -No, Viernes -le respondí-, tú te marcharás sin mí y me dejarás viviendo aquí solo, como antes. Al escuchar esto, volvió a mirarme con perplejidad y fue corriendo a buscar una de las azuelas que solía llevar consigo. La cogió con presteza y me la entregó. -¿Qué debo hacer con ella? -le pregunté. -Tú coge, mata a Viernes -dijo. -¿Por qué habría de matarte? -volví a preguntarle. Me respondió rápidamente: -¿Por qué envía lejos Viernes? Toma, mata Viernes, no manda lejos. Dijo esto con tanta sinceridad que se le llenaron los ojos de lágrimas. En pocas palabras, descubrí claramente el profundo afecto que sentía hacia mí. Por su firme determinación, le dije en ese momento y, en lo subsiguiente, muchas lo repetí, que nunca lo enviaría lejos de mí, si su deseo era quedarse a mi lado.

En resumidas cuentas, en sus palabras hallé un cariño tan grande, que nada podría separarlo de mí, por lo que todo su interés en ir a su tierra, se fundamentaba en un amor ardiente por su gente y en la esperanza de que yo pudiese hacerles algún bien, cosa que yo, conociéndome como me conocía, no podía pensar, pretender ni desear. No obstante, yo sentía aún un fuerte deseo de escapar, que se basaba, como he dicho, en lo que pude inferir de nuestra conversación; es decir, en que allí había diecisiete hombres barbudos. Por lo tanto, sin más demora, Viernes y yo nos pusimos a buscar un árbol lo bastante grande como para hacer una gran canoa o piragua para el viaje. En la isla había suficientes árboles para fabricar una pequeña flota, no de piraguas y canoas, sino de barcos grandes. No obstante, lo más importante era que el árbol estuviese cerca de la playa, a fin de que pudiésemos meter la canoa en el agua, una vez la hubiésemos terminado y, de este modo, no cometer el mismo error que yo había cometido al principio.

Finalmente, Viernes escogió un árbol, ya que conocía mejor que yo el tipo de madera más apropiado para nuestro propósito. Ni aún hoy sería capaz de decir el nombre del árbol que cortamos. Solo sé que se parecía bastante al que nosotros llamamos fustete, o algo entre este y el nicaragua68, pues tenía un color y un olor bastante parecidos. Viernes quería quemar el interior del tronco para hacer la cavidad de la canoa pero le demostré que era mejor ahuecarlo con herramientas, lo cual hizo con gran destreza, una vez le hube enseñado a utilizarlas. Al cabo de un mes de ardua labor, la terminamos. Era una canoa muy hermosa, particularmente, porque cortamos y moldeamos el casco con la ayuda de las hachas, que le enseñé a manejar a Viernes, y le dimos la forma de un verdadero bote. Después de hacer esto, no obstante, tardamos casi quince días en desplazarla hasta el agua, pulgada a pulgada, utilizando unos grandes rodillos. Cuando lo logramos, vimos que podía transportar cómodamente a veinte hombres.

Una vez en el agua, me sorprendió ver la destreza y la agilidad con que la manejaba mi siervo Viernes y el modo en que la hacía girar y avanzar, a pesar de sus dimensiones. Le pregunté si creía que podíamos aventurarnos en ella. -Sí -me dijo-, aventuramos en ella muy bien aunque sopla gran viento. No obstante, yo tenía un plan que él no conocía. Consistía en hacer un mástil y una vela y agregarle un ancla y un cable. El mástil fue fácil de obtener, pues elegí un cedro joven y recto, de una especie que abundaba en la isla y que encontré cerca de allí. Le pedí a Viernes que lo cortara y le di instrucciones para que le diera forma y lo adaptase. La vela era mi preocupación principal. Sabía que tenía suficientes velas, más bien, trozos de ellas, pero como hacía veintiséis años que las tenía y no había tomado la precaución de conservarlas, puesto que no me imaginaba que llegaría a usarlas nunca para semejante propósito, no dudaba que estarían todas podridas, como en efecto lo estaban, en su mayoría. No obstante, encontré dos trozos que estaban en bastante buen estado y me puse a trabajar. Con mucha dificultad y con puntadas torcidas (podéis estar seguros) por falta de agujas, hice, por fin, una cosa fea y triangular que se parecía a lo que en Inglaterra llamamos vela de lomo de cordero. Esta iría amarrada a una botavara grande por abajo y a otra más pequeña por arriba, del mismo modo que las chalupas de nuestros barcos. Yo conocía su manejo perfectamente pues la barca en la que me había escapado de Berbería tenía una igual, como he contado en la primera parte.

Me tomó casi dos meses terminar esta última parte del trabajo, es decir, arreglar y ajustar mi mástil y las velas, pues hice, además, un pequeño estay, al que iría amarra da una vela más pequeña que me ayudaría a aprovechar el viento, cuando navegáramos a barlovento. Por último, fijé un timón a la popa para poder dirigir la canoa. Pese a que era un pésimo carpintero, como sabía la utilidad y la necesidad de hacerlo, puse tanto empeño y dedicación en esta tarea que, finalmente, la pude completar con éxito. Mas, si considero la cantidad de intentos fallidos que realicé, creo que me costó tanto trabajo como hacer toda la canoa.

Una vez hecho todo esto, le enseñé a mi siervo Viernes los pormenores de la navegación, pues, aunque sabía remar muy bien, no conocía en absoluto el manejo de las ve las ni el timón. Se quedó asombrado cuando vio cómo hacía girar la canoa con la ayuda del timón y cómo rotaba, se hinchaba o se aflojaba la vela según el rumbo que tomáramos; digo que, cuando vio todo esto se quedó estupefacto y atónito. No obstante, con el tiempo, logré que se acostumbrara a estas cosas y llegó a convertirse en un experto marinero, excepto en el uso de la brújula, que nunca llegué hacerle comprender del todo. Por otra parte, como en aquellas tierras no era frecuente que hubiera nubes o niebla, la brújula no era tan necesaria, pues por la noche se podían ver las estrellas y por el día, la costa, excepto en la estación de lluvias, cuando a nadie se le ocurría salir ni por tierra ni por mar.

Había cumplido veintisiete años de cautiverio en esta isla, aunque debería descontar los últimos tres que había compartido con esta criatura ya que, durante ducho tiempo, mi vida había sido muy distinta de la anterior. Celebré el aniversario de mi llegada a este sitio con el mismo agradecimiento a Dios por su bondad pues, si al principio tenía motivos para sentirme agradecido, ahora tenía muchos más. La Providencia me había dado testimonios adicionales de su generosidad hacia mí y estaba esperanzado en ser liberado en poco tiempo, pues tenía la certeza de que mi salvación estaba próxima y que no pasaría otro año en aquel lugar. No obstante, seguí realizando mis labores domésticas y, como de costumbre, cavaba, sembraba, cercaba, recogía y secaba mis uvas y cumplía todos mis deberes como antes.

En este tiempo, llegó la estación de lluvias, lo que me obligaba a permanecer en casa. Guardamos nuestra nueva embarcación en el lugar más seguro que encontramos, es decir, la llevamos hasta el río donde, como he dicho, desembarqué mis balsas. La arrastramos hasta la costa aprovechando la marea alta y mi siervo Viernes excavó un pequeño embalse, lo suficientemente grande para guardarla y lo suficientemente profundo para que se mantuviera a flote. Cuando bajó la marea, hicimos un dique muy fuerte en uno de los extremos para que no le entrara agua. De este modo, estaría sobre seco y protegida de la marea. Para protegerla de la lluvia, colocamos muchas ramas de árboles, con las que hicimos una especie de techo, como el de una casa. Entonces, esperamos a noviembre o diciembre, que era cuando tenía previsto emprender la aventura.

En esto llegó la estación seca y, con el buen tiempo, reanudé mis proyectos. Diariamente me ocupaba de los preparativos para el viaje. Lo primero que hice fue separar una cantidad de provisiones que nos servirían de abastecimiento durante el viaje. Mi intención era abrir el dique en dos semanas y echar al agua nuestra embarcación. Una mañana, mientras me hacía cargo de una de estas tareas, llamé a Viernes para pedirle que fuera a la playa, a fin de buscar una tortuga, cosa que hacíamos generalmente una vez a la semana, tanto por los huevos como por la carne. Al poco tiempo de haberse marchado regresó corriendo y saltó por encima de la muralla exterior, como si sus pies no tocasen la tierra. Antes de que pudiese decirle algo, gritó: -¡Oh, amo! ¡Oh, amo! ¡Oh, pena! ¡Oh, malo! -¿Qué ocurre, Viernes? -le pregunté. -¡Oh, allí, una, dos, tres canoas! ¡Una, dos, tres! Por la forma en que se expresó, pensé que eran seis pero, después de preguntarle, comprendí que solo eran tres. -Pues bien, Viernes -dije-, no tengas miedo. Traté de animarlo como pude pero el pobre muchacho estaba terriblemente asustado. Se había empecinado en pensar que habían venido a buscarlo y que lo cortarían en pedazos para comérselo. El pobre chico temblaba tanto que apenas sabía qué hacer o decirle. Le reconforté lo mejor que pude y le dije que yo corría tanto peligro como él, pues a mí también me comerían. -Pero Viernes -dije-, debemos estar dispuestos a luchar contra ellos. ¿Acaso no puedes luchar, Viernes? -Yo lucha -dijo-, pero ellos vienen muchos más. -No te preocupes por eso -le dije nuevamente-, nuestras armas espantarán a los que no podamos matar. Le pregunté si estaba resuelto a defenderse y a defenderme, a ayudarme y a hacer todo lo que yo le pidiera, y me respondió: -Yo muero si tú mueres, amo. Entonces, fui a buscar un buen trago de ron y se lo di. Había administrado tan bien el ron que aún tenía una gran cantidad. Cuando se lo hubo bebido, le dije que trajera las dos escopetas de caza que solíamos llevar con nosotros y las cargué con municiones grandes del tamaño de las de pistola. Luego cogí cuatro mosquetes y cargué cada uno de ellos con dos cartuchos y cinco balas pequeñas. Me colgué el gran sable desnudo al costado y le di a Viernes su hacha.

Una vez preparado, tomé mi catalejo y subí por la ladera de la colina para ver qué podía descubrir. Inmediatamente, observé, gracias a mi catalejo, que había veintiún salvajes, tres prisioneros y tres canoas. Lo único que iban a hacer era celebrar un banquete triunfal con aquellos tres cuerpos humanos (un festín bárbaro, sin duda), que no tenía nada de particular respecto a los que solían hacer.

También pude observar que no habían desembarcado en el mismo lugar del que Viernes se había escapado, sino más cerca de mi río, donde la costa era más baja y había un espeso bosque que llegaba casi hasta el mar. Esto, unido al horror que me causaba la falta de humanidad de estos miserables, me llenó de tanta indignación que regresé a donde estaba Viernes y le dije que estaba resuelto a caer sobre ellos y matarlos a todos. Le pregunté si combatiría a mi lado y él, que se había repuesto del susto por el ron y se encontraba más animado, respondió, como lo había hecho antes, que moriría si yo se lo ordenaba.

En este acceso de valentía, cogí las armas que había cargado antes y las repartí entre los dos. Le di a Viernes una pistola para que la pusiese en su cinturón y tres mosquetes para que los llevase a la espalda. Yo cogí una pistola y los otros tres mosquetes y, armados de este modo, partimos. Puse una pequeña botella de ron en mi bolsillo y le di a Viernes un gran saco de pólvora y balas. Le ordené que se quedara detrás de mí, a poca distancia y que no hiciera ningún movimiento, ni hablara o disparara hasta que yo se lo indicara. De este modo, recorrimos casi una milla hacia la derecha para pasar el río y llegar al bosque, a fin de estar a tiro de fusil de ellos antes de que nos descubrieran, lo cual era muy sencillo, según pude ver con mi catalejo.

A medida que iba andando, recordé mis antiguos principios y comencé a desistir de mi resolución. No quiero decir con esto que tuviese miedo de su número, pues, como no eran más que unos miserables desnudos y sin armas, yo era, sin duda, superior a ellos, aun si hubiese estado solo. Mas, comencé a pensar que no tenía motivo ni razón, mucho menos necesidad, de teñir mis manos con sangre, atacando a unos hombres que no me habían hecho, ni pretendían hacerme ningún daño. Respecto a mí, eran seres inocentes, cuyas costumbres salvajes obraban en su propio perjuicio y eran la prueba de que Dios los había abandonado, como a otros pueblos de aquella parte del mundo, a su estupidez y barbarie. Él no me había llamado a que fuese juez de sus acciones, mucho menos, verdugo de su justicia. Cuando Él lo juzgase conveniente, tomaría el caso en sus manos y, mediante la venganza nacional, los castigaría por sus crímenes nacionales. Aquello no era de mi incumbencia y, si bien Viernes podía justificar aquella acción como legítima, pues era enemigo declarado de ellos y se hallaba en estado de guerra, en mi caso no se podía decir lo mismo. Estos pensamientos ejercieron tal influencia en mi espíritu, a lo largo del camino, que decidí limitarme a permanecer cerca de ellos para observar su festín bárbaro y actuar según me lo indicara el Señor, sin entrometerme en nada, a menos que reconociera un llamado más fuerte que el que había sentido hasta ahora.

Así resuelto, con toda la precaución y el silencio posibles, y con Viernes pisándome los talones, caminé hasta el límite del bosque más próximo a ellos, de manera que solo nos separaban unos árboles. Entonces, llamé a Viernes en voz muy baja y, mostrándole un árbol enorme, que estaba en una esquina del bosque, le pedí que se acercara hasta él y me informara si desde allí se podía ver claramente lo que hacían. Así lo hizo y, regresó inmediatamente, diciendo que desde allí se podían ver perfectamente; que estaban alrededor de la hoguera comiéndose la carne de uno de los prisioneros y que, amarrado en la arena, a poca distancia, había otro a quien iban a matar en seguida, lo cual me llenó de cólera. Me dijo que no era uno de su nación, sino uno de los hombres con barba, de quienes me había hablado y que habían llegado en un bote a su tierra. Me llené de espanto con la simple mención del hombre blanco con barba. Fui hasta el árbol y, con la ayuda de mi catalejo, pude distinguir claramente a un hombre blanco que yacía sobre la playa, atado de pies y manos con cañas o bejucos. Era europeo y estaba vestido.

Había otro árbol y, un poco más adelante, una pequeña espesura, más próxima a ellos que el lugar en el que me hallaba antes. Me di cuenta de que, si me desplazaba un poco, podría acercarme sin ser descubierto y, desde allí, estaría tan solo a medio tiro de fusil de ellos. Contuve mi cólera, aunque estaba indignado en sumo grado y, retrocediendo como veinte pasos, caminé detrás de unos arbustos, que se extendían todo el camino, hasta que llegué al otro árbol. Entonces, me encontré una pequeña elevación en el terreno, desde la cual podía verlos claramente a una distancia de, más o menos, veinte yardas.

No había tiempo que perder, pues, diecinueve de aquellos miserables salvajes, que estaban sentados en el suelo, apretujados entre sí, habían enviado a otros dos a asesinar al pobre cristiano que, tal vez, traerían por pedazos a la hoguera. Acababan de agacharse para desatarle los pies, cuando me volví hacia Viernes. -Ahora, Viernes -le dije-, haz lo que te ordene. Viernes asintió. -Pues, Viernes -le dije-, haz exactamente lo que me veas hacer y no te equivoques en nada. Coloqué uno de los mosquetes y la escopeta sobre la tierra y Viernes hizo lo mismo. Con el otro mosquete, apunté a los salvajes, ordenándole a Viernes que me imitara. Le pregunté si estaba listo y respondió que sí. -Entonces, dispara -le dije y, en ese mismo instante, disparé.

Viernes tenía mucha mejor puntería que yo, pues mató a dos e hirió a otros tres mientras que yo maté a uno y herí a dos. Podéis estar seguros de que los salvajes se quedaron terriblemente consternados y todos los que no estaban heridos se pusieron de pie rápidamente, sin saber hacia dónde mirar ni huir, pues no tenían idea de dónde provenía su destrucción. Viernes me miraba fijamente, tal y como se lo había ordenado, para observar todos mis movimientos. Después de la primera descarga, arrojé inmediatamente el mosquete y cogí la escopeta de caza. Viernes hizo lo mismo. Me vio apuntar y me imitó. -¿Estás preparado, Viernes? -le pregunté. -Sí -me respondió. -Entonces -dije- ¡fuego, en nombre de Dios!, y abrí fuego contra aquellos miserables que estaban espantados. Como nuestras armas estaban cargadas con munición pequeña, tan solo cayeron dos pero había muchos heridos que corrían aullando y gritando como locos, sangrando y gravemente heridos, de los cuales, en seguida cayeron otros tres, pero aún vivos.

-Ahora, Viernes -dije, dejando las escopetas descargadas y cogiendo el mosquete que aún tenía munición-, sígueme. Así lo hizo y con gran valor. Salí corriendo del bosque, con Viernes pegado a mis talones, y me descubrí. Tan pronto me vieron, grité tan fuertemente como pude y le ordené a Viernes que hiciera lo mismo. Corrí lo más aprisa posible, que por cierto, no era demasiado, a causa del peso de las armas, y me dirigí 'hacia la pobre víctima, que, como he dicho, yacía en la playa, entre el área del festín y el mar. Los dos carniceros que iban a matarlo habían huido ante la sorpresa de nuestro primer disparo, se internaron en el mar, muertos de miedo y saltaron a sus canoas, seguidos por otros tres. Me volví hacia Viernes y le ordené que se adelantara y les disparara. Me comprendió inmediatamente y, corriendo unas cuarenta yardas para estar más cerca, les disparó. Pensé que los había matado a todos, pues los vi caer de un salto en la canoa, pero después vi que dos de ellos se incorporaron rápidamente. No obstante, había matado a dos y herido a un tercero, que yacía en el fondo del bote como si estuviese muerto.

Mientras mi siervo Viernes les disparaba, cogí mi cuchillo y corté los bejucos que sujetaban a la pobre víctima. Una vez desatado de pies y manos, se levantó. Le pregunté en lengua portuguesa quién era y me respondió en latín: «Cristianus.» Estaba tan débil que apenas podía tenerse en pie o hablar. Saqué mi botella del bolsillo y se la di, haciéndole señales de que bebiese. Así lo hizo. Luego, le di un trozo de pan y se lo comió. Entonces, le pregunté de qué país era y me dijo: «Español.» Cuando se hubo reanimado, me mostró, con todas las señas que fue capaz de hacer, lo agradecido que estaba porque le hubiese salvado la vida. -Señor -le dije con el español que pude recordar-, hablaremos luego pero ahora debemos luchar. Si aún tiene fuerzas, coja esta pistola y este sable y luche. Los tomó muy agradecido y, apenas tuvo las armas en sus manos, como si le hubiesen investido de nuevo vigor, se abalanzó sobre sus asesinos como una fiera y cortó a dos de ellos en pedazos en un instante. Lo cierto es que, todo esto los había tomado por sorpresa y las pobres criaturas estaban tan aterrorizadas por el ruido de nuestras armas, que caían de puro asombro y miedo; tan incapaces eran de huir como de resistir las balas. Lo mismo les ocurrió a los cinco a los que Viernes les había disparado en la canoa: tres de ellos cayeron por las heridas y los otros dos de miedo.

Mantuve mi arma en la mano, sin disparar, con el propósito de reservar la carga que me quedaba, pues le había entregado mi pistola y mi sable al español. Llamé a Viernes y le pedí que fuera corriendo al árbol desde donde habíamos disparado al principio y recogiera las armas descargadas que estaban allí, lo cual hizo con gran rapidez. Luego le di mi mosquete, me senté a cargar todas las demás nuevamente y les recomendé que viniesen a buscarlas cuando las necesitaran. Mientras cargaba las armas, se entabló un feroz combate entre el español y uno de los salvajes que le atacó con uno de esos grandes sables de madera, el mismo con el que le habría dado muerte si yo no hubiese intervenido para evitarlo. El español, que era muy valiente y arrojado, aunque un poco débil, llevaba un buen rato peleando con el salvaje y le había hecho dos heridas en la cabeza. Pero el salvaje, que era un joven robusto y vigoroso, lo derribó (pues estaba muy débil) y estaba intentando arrancarle el sable de las manos. Súbitamente, el español soltó el sable y, sacando la pistola de su cinturón, le atravesó el cuerpo de un disparo y lo mató en el acto, antes de que yo pudiese llegar a socorrerle.

Viernes, que ahora andaba por su cuenta, perseguía a los miserables fugitivos, sin más arma que el hacha con la que había matado a aquellos tres, que, como he dicho, estaban heridos y habían caído al principio y, luego, a todos los que pudo atrapar. El español me pidió un arma y le di una escopeta, con la cual persiguió e hirió a dos salvajes. Mas, como no tenía fuerzas para correr, se refugiaron en el bosque. Allí, Viernes los persiguió y mató a uno pero el otro, aunque estaba herido, era muy ágil y logró arrojarse al mar y nadar con todas sus fuerzas hacia los que estaban en la canoa. Estos tres que lograron embarcar, más otro que estaba herido y no sabemos si murió, fueron los únicos, de un total de veintiuno, que escaparon de nuestras manos. La relación es como sigue: {blockquote}"> 3 muertos por nuestra primera descarga desde el árbol 2 muertos por la siguiente descarga 2 muertos por Viernes en la canoa 2 muertos por él mismo, de los que al comienzo habían sido heridos 1 muerto por él mismo en el bosque 3 muertos por el español 4 muertos que aparecieron aquí y allá, a causa de sus heridas o muertos por Viernes en su persecución. 4 huidos en la barca, entre los cuales había uno herido, si no muerto. 21 en total. {/blockquote}">

Los que estaban en la canoa, tuvieron que remar muy rápidamente para librarse de los disparos y, aunque Viernes les disparó dos o tres veces, al parecer, no pudo herir a ninguno de ellos. Él quería que cogiéramos una de sus canoas y los persiguiéramos e, indudablemente, yo estaba muy preocupado por su huida, pues llevarían las noticias a su gente. Tal vez, regresarían con doscientas o trescientas canoas y, siendo muchos más que nosotros, nos devorarían. Decidí perseguirlos por mar y, corriendo hasta una de sus canoas, salté sobre ella y le ordené a Viernes que me siguiera. Mas, cuando ya estaba dentro de la canoa, me sorprendió ver a otro pobre salvaje, amarrado de pies y manos, como el español, en espera del sacrificio y casi muerto de miedo. No sabía lo que estaba ocurriendo pues le era imposible ver por encima del borde de la canoa, por lo fuertemente atado que estaba y, como llevaba mucho tiempo así, estaba medio moribundo.

En seguida corté los bejucos o juncos con los que estaba atado y traté de ayudarlo para que se incorporara, pero no podía ponerse en pie ni hablar. Tan solo emitía un quejido lastimero, creyendo, sin duda, que lo había desatado para matarlo.

Cuando Viernes se le acercó, le ordené que le dijera que estaba en libertad. Saqué mi botella y le di un trago al pobre desgraciado, que, viéndose repentinamente liberado, se re animó y se sentó en la canoa. Cuando Viernes se puso a mirarlo y a hablarle, sucedió algo que habría hecho llorar a cualquiera. De pronto, comenzó a abrazarlo y besarlo, reía, lloraba, gritaba, saltaba a su alrededor, bailaba, cantaba, volvía a llorar, se retorcía las manos, se golpeaba la cabeza y el rostro y volvía a cantar y saltar a su alrededor como un loco. Pasó un largo rato antes de que lograra que me dijese qué ocurría. Cuando se hubo calmado, me dijo que aquel era su padre.

No es fácil explicar la emoción que me provocó ver el éxtasis de amor filial que invadió a este pobre salvaje ante la vista de su padre liberado de la muerte. Tampoco puedo describir las extravagancias que tuvo con él. Entró y salió varías veces de la canoa; cuando entraba, se ponía a su lado, abría su chaqueta y colocaba la cabeza de su padre contra su pecho durante media hora para reanimarlo; luego tomó sus brazos y sus tobillos, que estaban entumecidos por las ataduras y comenzó a frotarlos y calentarlos con sus manos. Cuando me di cuenta de lo que quería lograr, le di un poco de ron de mi botella para qué lo friccionara, lo que le hizo mucho bien.

Esta circunstancia puso fin a la idea de perseguir la canoa en la que iban los otros salvajes, que, a estas alturas, estaban casi fuera de nuestra vista y, mejor fue que no lo hiciéramos, pues nos salvamos de un viento que se levantó antes de que pudiesen hacer una cuarta parte de su travesía y continuó soplando fuertemente durante toda la noche. Como el viento soplaba del noroeste, les resultaba adverso, de manera que, con toda probabilidad, la piragua no pudo resistirlo y no llegaron a sus costas.

Mas, volvamos a Viernes. Se ocupaba tanto de su padre, que durante un tiempo no me atreví a molestarlos. No obstante, cuando me pareció que podía dejarlo solo un momento, lo llamé y él se aproximó saltando y riendo, en extremo feliz. Le pregunté si le había dado pan a su padre y meneó la cabeza respondiendo: «No; perro feo, me lo como todo yo mismo.» Le di, pues, una torta de pan del pequeño zurrón que llevaba para este propósito y le ofrecí un poco de ron, el cual no quiso siquiera probar para guardárselo a su padre. Llevaba también dos o tres puñados de pasas y le di uno para su padre. Apenas se las hubo llevado, volvió a salir corriendo de la canoa, a tal velocidad que parecía embrujado, pues en verdad era el hombre más ágil que jamás hubiese visto. Podría decirse que corría tan rápidamente que hasta llegué a perderlo de vista por un instante. Le grité y lo llamé pero fue en vano. Al cabo de un cuarto de hora, regresó, un poco más lentamente que a la ida, pues, según pude ver mientras se acercaba, traía algo en las manos.

Cuando llegó hasta donde yo estaba, me di cuenta de que había ido hasta la canoa a por un jarro o vasija para llevarle un poco de agua fresca a su padre. Traía, además, dos galletas y unos panes. Me dio los panes y le llevó las galletas al padre. Como también me sentía muy sediento, tomé un sorbo. El agua reanimó a su padre mucho mejor que todo el ron o licor que yo le había dado, pues se estaba muriendo de sed.

Cuando su padre hubo bebido, llamé a Viernes para saber si quedaba agua. Respondió que sí y le ordené que le llevara un poco al pobre español, que necesitaba tantos cuidados como su padre. También le dije que le llevara uno de los panes que había traído. El pobre español, que estaba muy débil, reposaba sobre la hierba a la sombra de un árbol. Sus extremidades estaban entumecidas e hinchadas a causa de las fuertes ataduras que le habían hecho. Cuando Viernes se le acercó con el agua, se sentó y bebió. También tomó el pan y comenzó a comerlo. Entonces, me aproximé y le di un puñado de pasas. Me miró con una evidente expresión de gratitud en el rostro pero estaba tan fatigado por el combate que no podía mantenerse en pie. Dos o tres veces intentó incorporarse pero le resultaba imposible, a causa de la inflamación y el dolor en las piernas. Le dije que se quedara tranquilo e indiqué a Viernes que se las untara y friccionara con ron, como había hecho antes con su padre.

Mientras hacía esto, mi pobre y afectuosa criatura, volvía la cabeza cada dos minutos, quizás menos, para ver si su padre seguía en la misma posición en que lo había dejado. De pronto, al no poder verlo, se levantó y, sin decir una palabra, corrió hacia él tan rápidamente que parecía que sus pies no tocaban la tierra. Cuando llegó a la canoa y se dio cuenta de que su padre solo se había recostado para descansar las piernas, regresó inmediatamente hacia donde yo estaba. Entonces, le pedí al español que le permitiera a Viernes ayudarlo a levantarse para conducirlo a la barca y, de ahí, a nuestra morada, donde yo me haría cargo de él. Mas Viernes, que era joven y robusto, cargó sobre sus espaldas al español hasta la canoa, lo colocó con mucha delicadeza en el borde, con los pies por dentro, y lo acomodó al lado de su padre. Después, saltó de la piragua, la metió en el mar y remó a lo largo de toda la costa, mucho más rápidamente de lo que yo podía avanzar caminando, a pesar de que soplaba un viento muy fuerte. Habiéndolos traído a salvo hasta nuestra ensenada, los dejó en la canoa y salió corriendo a buscar la otra. Al pasar junto a mí, le pregunté a dónde iba y me respondió: «Busca más canoa.» Partió como el viento, pues, seguramente, jamás hombre o caballo corrieron como él, y llegó con la segunda canoa hasta la ensenada casi antes que yo, que iba por tierra. Así pues, me condujo hasta la otra orilla y se apresuró a ayudar a nuestros nuevos huéspedes a salir de la canoa. Pero ninguno estaba en condiciones de caminar, por lo que el pobre Viernes no supo qué hacer.

Me puse a pensar en una solución y decidí decirle a Viernes que los ayudase a sentarse en la orilla y que viniese conmigo. Rápidamente, fabriqué una suerte de carretilla para transportarlos entre ambos. Así lo hicimos pero cuando llegamos hasta la parte exterior de nuestra muralla o fortificación, nos hallamos ante una situación más complicada que la anterior, pues era imposible pasarlos por encima y yo no estaba dispuesto a derribarla. Viernes y yo nos pusimos nuevamente a trabajar y, en casi dos horas, construimos una hermosa tienda, cubierta con velas viejas y recubierta con ramas de árboles, en la parte exterior de la muralla, entre esta y el bosquecillo que había plantado. También hicimos dos camas con paja de arroz, encima de las cuales colocamos dos mantas; una para acostarse y otra para cubrirse.

Mi isla estaba ahora poblada y me consideré rico en súbditos. Me hacía gracia verme como si fuese un rey. En primer lugar, toda la tierra era de mi absoluta propiedad, de manera que tenía un derecho indiscutible al dominio. En segundo lugar, mis súbditos eran totalmente sumisos pues yo era su señor y legislador absoluto y todos me debían la vida. De haber sido necesario, todos habrían sacrificado sus vidas por mí. También me llamaba la atención que mis tres súbditos pertenecieran a religiones distintas. Mi siervo Viernes era Protestante, su padre, un caníbal pagano y el español, papista. No obstante, y, dicho sea de paso, decreté libertad de conciencia en todos mis dominios.

Tan pronto acomodé a mis débiles prisioneros rescatados y les di cobijo y un lugar para reposar, me puse a pensar cómo conseguirles provisiones. Lo primero que hice fue ordenarle a Viernes que cogiera un cabrito de un año de mi propio rebaño y lo matara. Le corté el cuarto trasero y lo troceé en pequeños pedazos. Viernes los coció y preparó un plato muy sabroso, puedo aseguraros, de carne y caldo, al que le añadió un poco de cebada y arroz. Como cocinaba siempre afuera, para evitar fuegos en mi muralla interior, lo llevé todo a la nueva tienda y allí puse una mesa para mis huéspedes. Me senté a comer con ellos y traté de animarlos lo mejor que pude. Viernes me servía de intérprete con su padre y con el español, que hablaba bastante bien el idioma de los salvajes.

Después de comer, o más bien, de cenar, le ordené a Viernes que cogiese una de las canoas y fuese a buscar nuestros mosquetes y demás armas de fuego, que por falta de tiempo, habíamos dejado en el lugar de la batalla. Al día siguiente, le ordené que enterrase a los muertos, que estaban tendidos al sol y, en poco tiempo, comenzarían a oler. También le ordené que enterrara los horribles restos del festín bárbaro, que eran abundantes, pues yo no tenía valor para hacer aquello, ni siquiera para verlo si pasaba por allí. Siguió mis órdenes al pie de la letra y borró todo rastro de la presencia de los salvajes, de manera que, cuando volví al lugar, apenas tenía una idea de dónde había ocurrido, a excepción del extremo del bosque que lo señalizaba.

Empecé a conversar un poco con mis dos nuevos súbditos. En primer lugar, le pedí a Viernes que le preguntara a su padre qué pensaba sobre los salvajes que habían escapa do en la canoa y si creía que volverían con un ejército tan grande que no fuésemos capaces de combatir. Su primera opinión fue que aquellos salvajes no habían podido resistir, en semejante bote, una tormenta como la que había soplado toda la noche de su huida y, seguramente, se habían ahogado o habían sido arrastrados hacia el sur hasta otras costas, donde, tan seguro era que serían devorados, como que se ahogarían si naufragaban. No sabía qué harían si llegaban sanos a la costa pero pensaba que estarían tan asustados por la forma en que habían sido atacados y por el ruido y el fuego, que le dirían a su gente que no los habían matado unos hombres sino el rayo y el trueno; y que los dos seres que habían aparecido, es decir, Viernes y yo, no éramos hombres armados, sino dos espíritus o furias celestiales que habían bajado a destruirlos. Sabía esto porque los escuchó gritar en su lengua que era imposible que un hombre pudiese disparar dardos de fuego o hablar como el trueno y matar a distancia, sin levantar la mano. En esto, el viejo salvaje tenía razón, pues luego supe que jamás intentaron regresar a la isla por miedo a lo que aquellos cuatro hombres (que, en efecto, lograron salvarse del mar) les habían contado: que quien fuera a esa isla encantada, sería destruido por el fuego de los dioses. 

17

En aquel momento ignoraba esto y, por tanto, vivía continuamente inquieto, haciendo guardias, al igual que el resto de mi ejército. Ahora que éramos cuatro, me atrevía a enfrentarme a un centenar de ellos en cualquier momento.

Sin embargo, al cabo de un tiempo, al ver que no aparecía ninguna canoa, fui perdiendo el miedo a que regresaran y volví a considerar mis viejos propósitos de viajar al continente. El padre de Viernes me aseguró que podía contar con el cordial recibimiento de su gente, si decidía hacerlo.

No obstante, tuve que posponer mis planes, después de una seria conversación con el español, en la que me dijo que los dieciséis españoles y portugueses, que habían naufragado y encontrado refugio en esas costas, vivían allí en paz con los salvajes, aunque no sin temer por sus vidas y padecer necesidades. Le pedí que me relatara su viaje y, entonces, supe que viajaba en un barco español fletado en el Río de la Plata con destino a La Habana, donde debía llevar un cargamento de pieles y plata y regresar con las mercancías europeas que pudiesen obtener. Añadió que a bordo viajaban cinco marineros portugueses, rescatados de otro naufragio y que cinco de los suyos habían muerto cuando se perdió la primera embarcación. Los demás, después de infinitos riesgos y peligros, habían logrado llegar, medio muertos, a aquellas tierras de caníbales, donde temían ser devorados de un momento a otro.

Me dijo que tenían algunas armas pero que no les servían para nada, pues no tenían pólvora ni municiones. El mar había estropeado casi toda la pólvora, con la excepción de una pequeña cantidad, que utilizaron al desembarcar para proveerse de alimentos.

Le pregunté si sabía qué sería de ellos o si habían hecho planes para escapar. Me contestó que lo habían considerado muchas veces pero, como no tenían embarcación, ni medios para fabricarla y tampoco tenían provisiones de ningún tipo, sus concilios terminaban siempre en lágrimas y desesperación.

Le pedí que me dijera cómo recibirían una propuesta de huida por mi parte y si esta sería realizable. Le dije con franqueza que mi mayor preocupación era alguna traición o abusos por su parte si ponía mi vida en sus manos, ya que la gratitud no suele ser una virtud inherente a la naturaleza humana y los hombres suelen velar más por sus propios intereses que por sus obligaciones. Le dije que sería intolerable que, después de salvarles la vida, me llevasen prisionero a la Nueva España, donde cualquier inglés sería ajusticiado, independientemente de las circunstancias o necesidades que le hubiesen llevado hasta allí; y que prefería ser entregado a los salvajes y devorado vivo antes de caer en las garras de sacerdotes despiadados y ser llevado ante la Inquisición. Añadí que, aparte de eso, estaba convencido de que, siendo todos los que éramos, podríamos construir una embarcación con nuestras propias manos, lo suficientemente grande para llegar a Brasil, a las islas, o a la costa española que estaba al norte. Mas, si en recompensa, puesto que les daría armas, me llevaban por la fuerza a su patria, estarían abusando de mi generosidad y yo me vería peor que antes.

Me contestó con mucha honradez y sinceridad que su situación era tan miserable como la mía y que habían sufrido tanto, que no podrían menos que aborrecer la mera idea de perjudicar a nadie que les ayudara a escapar. Si me parecía bien, él iría con el viejo a hablar con ellos sobre el asunto y regresaría con una respuesta; que obtendría su compromiso solemne de ponerse bajo mis órdenes como capitán y comandante y les haría jurar sobre los Santos Sacramentos y el Evangelio, que serían leales, que iríamos al país cristiano que yo quisiera y a ningún otro; que se someterían total y absolutamente a mis órdenes hasta que hubiésemos desembarcado sanos y salvos en el país que yo quisiera; y que me darían un contrato firmado a estos efectos.

Entonces me dijo que, antes que nada, él, por su parte, me juraba que no se separaría nunca de mí hasta que yo se lo ordenase y que estaría de mi lado, hasta derramar la última gota de sangre, si sus compañeros faltaban a su promesa.

Me dijo que todos eran hombres civilizados y honestos, que se hallaban en la peor situación imaginable, sin armas ni ropa, sin otro alimento que el que los salvajes les cedían generosamente y sin esperanzas de regresar a su patria. Si yo los ayudaba, podía estar seguro de que estarían dispuestos a dar la vida por mí.

Con estas garantías, decidí enviar al viejo salvaje y al español para tratar con ellos. Mas cuando todo estaba listo para su partida, el español hizo una observación, tan prudente y sincera que no pude menos que aceptarla con agrado. Siguiendo su consejo, decidí postergar medio año el rescate de sus compañeros por la razón que sigue.

Hacía cerca de un mes que vivía con nosotros y, durante todo ese tiempo, yo le había mostrado el modo en que había provisto para mis necesidades, con la ayuda de la Providencia. Sabía perfectamente que mi abastecimiento de arroz y cebada era suficiente para mí, mas no para mi familia, que hora contaba con cuatro miembros. Si venían sus compañeros, que eran catorce, no tendríamos cómo alimentarlos ni, mucho menos, abastecer una embarcación para dirigirnos a las colonias cristianas de América. Por tanto, le parecía recomendable que les permitiera, a él y a los otros dos, cultivar más tierra, con las semillas que yo pudiese darles y que esperáramos a la siguiente cosecha, a fin de tener una reserva de grano para cuando llegaran sus compañeros, pues la necesidad podía ser motivo de discordia o de que sintieran que habían sido liberados de una desgracia para caer en otra peor. -Usted sabe -me dijo-, que los hijos de Israel al principio se alegraron de su salida de Egipto pero, luego, se rebelaron contra Dios, que los había liberado, cuando les faltó el pan en medio del desierto.

Su razonamiento era tan sensato y su consejo tan bueno, que me sentí muy complacido, tanto por su propuesta como por la lealtad que me demostraba. Así, pues, nos pusimos a trabajar los cuatro, lo mejor que pudimos con las herramientas de madera que teníamos. En menos de un mes, al cabo del cual comenzaba el período de siembra, habíamos labrado y preparado una razonable extensión de terreno. Sembramos veintidós celemines de cebada y dieciséis jarras de arroz, que era todo el grano del que podíamos disponer, después de reservar una cantidad suficiente para nuestro sustento durante los seis meses que debíamos esperar hasta el momento de la cosecha; es decir, los seis meses que transcurrieron desde que apartamos el grano destinado a la siembra, que es el tiempo que se demora en crecer en aquellas tierras.

Siendo una sociedad lo suficientemente numerosa como para no temer a los salvajes, salvo que viniese un gran número de ellos, andábamos libremente por la isla cuando nos apetecía. Nuestros pensamientos estaban ocupados en la idea de nuestra liberación, al menos los míos, pues no podía dejar de pensar en la forma de realizarla. Con este propósito, fui marcando varios árboles que me parecían adecuados para la labor y te ordené a Viernes y a su padre que los cortaran. Al español le encomendé que supervisara y dirigiera estas tareas. Le mostré el esfuerzo ímprobo que me había costado transformar un enorme árbol en una plancha y les ordené que hicieran lo mismo, hasta que produjeran una docena de tablones de buen roble, de unos dos pies de ancho por treinta y cinco de largo y dos a cuatro pulgadas de espesor. Cualquiera puede imaginar el trabajo que costó hacer todo esto.

Al mismo tiempo, me encargué de aumentar todo lo que pude mi pequeño rebaño de cabras domésticas. Con este propósito, el español y yo nos turnábamos diariamente para ir a cazar con Viernes y, de este modo, conseguimos más de veinte cabritos y los criamos con los demás, pues, cada vez que matábamos una madre, cogíamos a los más pequeños y los añadíamos a nuestro rebaño. En eso llegó la época de secar las uvas y colgamos tantos racimos al sol, que, si hubiésemos estado en Alicante, donde se producen las pasas, habríamos llenado sesenta u ochenta barriles. Estas pasas, junto con nuestro pan, constituían nuestro principal alimento, excelente para la salud, os lo aseguro, porque son en extremo nutritivas.

Había llegado el tiempo de la cosecha y la nuestra resultó buena. No dio el mayor rendimiento que hubiese visto en la isla pero era suficiente para nuestros propósitos. De los veintidós celemines de cebada que sembramos, obtuvimos más de doscientos veinte y, en igual proporción, cosechamos el arroz. Esto era suficiente para nuestra subsistencia hasta la próxima cosecha, incluso con los dieciséis españoles y, si hubiésemos decidido emprender el viaje, habríamos contado con suficientes provisiones para abastecer nuestro navío e ir a cualquier parte del mundo, es decir, a América.

Cuando hubimos recogido y asegurado nuestro grano, nos dispusimos a hacer más cestos en los que guardarlo. El español era muy hábil y diestro en este menester y, a menudo, me recriminaba que no utilizara más este recurso pero a mí no me parecía necesario.

Ahora teníamos suficiente comida para los invitados que esperaba y le dije al español que fuera al continente para ver qué podía hacer por los que estaban allí. Le di órdenes estrictas de no traer a ningún hombre que antes no hubiese jurado por escrito, en su presencia y la del viejo salvaje, que jamás le haría daño ni atacaría a la persona que estaba en la isla y que, tan generosamente, le había rescatado; que la apoyaría y la protegerían de cualquier atentado de este tipo y se sometería totalmente a sus órdenes, donde quiera que fuese. Esto lo pondrían todos por escrito y lo firmarían con su puño y letra, mas nadie se preguntó cómo lo harían, si no disponían de tinta ni plumas.

Con estas instrucciones, el español y el viejo salvaje, el padre de Viernes, zarparon en una de las canoas en las que vinieron, los trajeron, más bien, como prisioneros para ser devorados por los salvajes.

Le di a cada uno un mosquete con balas y cerca de ocho cargas de pólvora, encomendándoles que cuidaran muy bien de ellos y no los utilizaran a menos que fuese urgente.

Todos estos preparativos me resultaban muy agradables, pues eran las primeras medidas que tomaba con vistas a mi liberación en veintisiete años y unos días. Les di suficiente pan y pasas para que pudiesen abastecerse durante varios días y abastecer a sus compañeros durante otros ocho días. Y, deseándoles un buen viaje, los vi partir, acordando que, a su regreso, harían una señal para que yo pudiese reconocerlos antes de llegar a la orilla.

Zarparon con una brisa favorable, según mis cálculos, el día de luna llena del mes de octubre. No obstante, he de decir que habiéndola perdido una vez, no llevaba una cuenta exacta de los días, ni había apuntado los años con suficiente precisión como para saberlo a ciencia cierta. Mas, cuando verifiqué mis cálculos posteriormente, descubrí que había llevado una cuenta exacta de los años.

No habían pasado más de ocho días de su partida cuando se produjo un incidente extraño e inesperado, que quizás no tenga parangón con nada que hubiese podido ocurrir en esta historia. Una mañana, me hallaba profundamente dormido cuando mi siervo Viernes, vino corriendo y gritó: «Amo, amo, ellos vienen, ellos vienen.»

Salté de la cama y, sin sospechar peligro alguno, tan pronto como me hube vestido, salí por mi bosquecillo que, dicho sea de paso, se había convertido en un espeso bosque. Tal como iba diciendo, ajeno a cualquier peligro, salí sin armas, en contra de mi costumbre. Cuando miré hacia el mar, me quedé sorprendido de ver una embarcación que llevaba una vela de lomo de cordero, como suelen llamarse, a una legua y media de la costa. El viento, que soplaba con bastante fuerza, la empujaba hacia nosotros pero inmediatamente me di cuenta de que no venía de la costa, sino del extremo más meridional de la isla. Entonces, llamé a Viernes y le dije que se mantuviese escondido, pues esa no era la gente a la que esperábamos y no sabíamos si eran amigos o enemigos.

A continuación, fui a buscar mi catalejo, a fin de ver si los reconocía. Tomé la escalera para subir a la colina, como solía hacerlo cuando desconfiaba de algo, y para poder observar sin riesgo de ser descubierto.

Apenas había subido, pude observar a simple vista que habían echado un ancla y estaban a casi dos leguas de donde me hallaba, hacia el sudoeste, pero a menos de una legua y media de la costa. Pude reconocer claramente que era un buque inglés y su chalupa también lo parecía.

No puedo expresar la confusión que sentí, a pesar de la alegría que me causaba ver un navío que, sin duda, estaría tripulado por compatriotas míos y, por consiguiente, amigos. No obstante, y sin saber por qué, me invadieron ciertas dudas que me aconsejaban que me mantuviera en guardia. En primer lugar, me pregunté qué podía traer a un navío inglés a esta parte del mundo, que estaba completamente fuera de la ruta de tráfico. Sabía que ninguna tempestad los había arrastrado hasta mis costas y, si eran realmente ingleses, posiblemente venían con malas intenciones, por lo que prefería seguir como estaba a caer en manos de ladrones y asesinos.

Ningún hombre debería despreciar sus presentimientos ni las advertencias secretas de peligro que a veces recibe, aun en momentos en los que parecería imposible que fueran reales. Casi nadie podría negar que estos presentimientos y advertencias nos son dados; tampoco que sean manifestaciones de un mundo invisible y de ciertos espíritus. Así, pues, si su tendencia es a advertirnos del peligro, ¿por qué no suponer que provienen de un agente propicio, ya sea superior o inferior y subordinado -esto no es lo importante-, y que nos son dados para nuestro beneficio?

Esta pregunta confirma plenamente la sensatez de mi razonamiento, pues, si no hubiese sido cauteloso, a causa de esta premonición secreta, independientemente de su procedencia, habría caído inevitablemente en una situación mucho peor que aquella en la que me hallaba, como veréis de inmediato.

No llevaba mucho tiempo en esta posición cuando vi que la chalupa se aproximaba a la orilla, como buscando una ensenada para llegar a tierra más cómodamente. No obstante, como no se acercaron lo suficiente, no pudieron ver la pequeña entrada por la que, al principió, desembarqué con mis balsas. Se limitaron a llevar la chalupa hasta la playa, a casi media milla de donde me encontraba, lo cual resultó muy ventajoso para mí, pues, de otro modo, habrían desembarcado delante de mi puerta y me habrían sacado a golpes de mi castillo y robado todas mis pertenencias.

Cuando llegaron a la orilla, comprobé que eran ingleses, al menos, en su mayoría. Había uno o dos que parecían holandeses pero no estaba seguro. En total, eran once hombres, de los cuales tres iban desarmados y, según pude ver, amarrados. Los primeros cuatro o cinco que descendieron a tierra sacaron a los otros tres de la chalupa; corno si fuesen prisioneros. Pude ver que uno de los tres suplicaba apasionadamente con gestos exagerados de dolor y desesperación; los otros dos, elevaban los brazos al cielo de vez en cuando y parecían afligidos pero en menor grado que el primero.

Este espectáculo me dejó totalmente perplejo, pues no comprendía su significado. Viernes me dijo; en el mejor inglés que pudo: -Oh, amo, ver hombres ingleses comen prisioneros también como salvajes.. ¿Por qué, Viernes? -1e pregunté-. ¿Por qué piensas que se los van a comer? -Sí -me contestó-, ellos van a comerlos. -No, no, Viernes -le dije-, me temo que los van a matar pero puedes estar seguro de que no se los van a comer.

Durante todo este tiempo, no tenía idea de lo que realmente iba a ocurrir pero permanecí temblando de horror ante la escena, esperando a cada momento que mataran a los tres prisioneros. Uno de esos villanos levantó el brazo con una enorme espada o navaja, como suelen llamarlas los marineros, para asestarle un golpe a uno de aquellos pobres hombres y, como esperaba verle caer al suelo en cualquier momento, se me heló la sangre en las venas.

Entonces deseé de todo corazón que el español y el salvaje que había ido con él, hubiesen estado aquí, o que yo hubiese podido acercarme sin ser descubierto y abrir fuego contra ellos para rescatar a los tres hombres, pues no me parecía que estuvieran armados. Pero se me ocurrió otra idea.

Después del monstruoso trato que les dieron a los tres hombres, advertí que los insolentes marineros se dispersaron por la isla, como si quisieran reconocer el territorio. Observé que los tres hombres habían quedado en libertad de ir a donde quisieran pero se sentaron en el suelo, afligidos y desesperados.

Esto me hizo recordar el momento de mi llegada a la isla. Recordé que había mirado a mi alrededor enloquecidamente y me había sentido perdido; que estaba muerto de miedo y había pasado la noche encima de un árbol por temor a ser devorado por las bestias salvajes.

Así como en aquel momento no sospechaba que, gracias a la Providencia, el barco sería arrastrado cerca de la tierra por la tormenta y la marea, y me proveería tan rica mente durante tanto tiempo, aquellos tres pobres hombres no podían sospechar cuán cierta y próxima era su salvación ni cuán a salvo estaban, justamente cuando más perdidos y desamparados se sentían.

Realmente, es muy poco lo que podemos predecir en este mundo. Por esta razón, debemos confiar alegremente que el Supremo Creador jamás abandona a sus criaturas y que estas, incluso en las peores circunstancias, descubren algo por que darle gracias; y están más cerca de la salvación de lo que podrían imaginar, pues, a menudo, son conducidas a ella por los mismos medios que, al parecer, las llevaron a la ruina.

Aquella gente llegó a tierra en el momento en que la marea estaba más alta, y en parte, porque estuvieron hablando con los prisioneros y, en parte, porque se fueron a inspeccionar el lugar en el que habían desembarcado, permanecieron negligentemente hasta que la marea bajó y el agua se retiró tanto que la chalupa quedó en seco.

Habían confiado la chalupa a dos hombres, que, como pude advertir, bebieron demasiado brandy y se habían quedado dormidos. Sin embargo, uno de ellos se despertó antes que el otro y, viendo la chalupa tan encallada que no podría sacarla solo de allí, comenzó a llamar a sus compañeros que andaban dando vueltas por los alrededores. Alertados por los gritos, acudieron rápidamente a la chalupa, mas no tuvieron fuerzas para echarla al agua, pues era muy pesada y, en esa parte de la playa, la arena era blanda y fangosa.

En esta situación, hicieron como los auténticos marineros, que son la gente menos previsora del mundo: se dieron por vencidos y reanudaron su paseo por la isla. Entonces, oí que uno de ellos le gritaba a otro: «Olvídalo, Jack, flotará con la próxima marea.» Sus palabras me confirmaron que eran paisanos míos.

Durante todo este tiempo, me mantuve muy bien escondido, sin salir de mi castillo ni mi puesto de observación en lo alto de la colina, y me sentí muy contento de pensar en lo bien protegido que estaba. Sabía que la chalupa no podría volver a flotar antes de diez horas y que, para entonces, ya sería de noche, lo que me permitiría observar sus movimientos y escuchar su conversación si es que la tenían.

Mientras tanto, me preparé para el combate, del mismo modo que lo había hecho antes, aunque con más cautela porque sabía que me enfrentaba a un enemigo diferente de los anteriores. Le ordené a Viernes, a quien había convertido en un excelente tirador, que cogiera algunas armas. Por mi parte, cogí dos escopetas de caza y le di tres mosquetes. Mi aspecto era realmente temible. Llevaba puesto mi abrigo de piel de cabra, el gran sombrero, que mencioné anteriormente, la espada desnuda en un costado, dos pistolas en el cinturón y una escopeta en cada hombro.

Como he dicho, no tenía previsto hacer nada hasta que anocheciera pero a eso de las dos de la tarde, que es el momento mas caluroso del día, advertí que todos se adentraban en el bosque, al parecer, para tumbarse a dormir. Los tres pobres hombres estaban demasiado angustiados para descansar pero se cobijaron bajo la sombra de un gran árbol, a un cuarto de milla de donde me hallaba y, según imaginaba, fuera de la vista de los demás.

Entonces, decidí descubrirme ante ellos para enterarme un poco de su situación. En seguida me puse en marcha, de la guisa que acabo de describir, con mi siervo Viernes, que iba a una buena distancia detrás de mí, tan formidablemente armado como yo, pero: sin un aspecto fantasmal como el mío.

Me acerque á ellos: tan disimuladamente como pude y les dije en español: ¿Quiénes sois, caballeros?

Se levantaron ante el ruido pero se quedaron muy sorprendidos ante el grosero aspecto que tenía. Estaban completamente mudos y casi dispuestos a huir, cuando les dije en inglés: -No os sorprendáis por mi aspecto. Tal vez tenéis un amigo más cerca de lo que suponéis. -Debe ser un enviado del cielo -dijo uno de ellos con gravedad, quitándose el sombrero-, pues nuestra situación es humanamente insalvable. -Toda ayuda viene del cielo, señor -le dije-. Mas ¿querríais indicarle a un extraño la manera de ayudaros? Me parecéis muy desdichados. Os he visto desembarcar y he visto a uno de ellos levantar su sable para mataros.

El pobre hombre temblaba con el rostro bañado en lágrimas y mirándome atónito respondió: -¿Estoy hablando con un dios o. con un hombre? En verdad, ¿sois un hombre o un ángel? -No temáis por eso, señor, Si Dios hubiese enviado a un ángel para ayudaros, habría venido mejor vestido y armado de otra manera. Os ruego que os tranquilicéis. Soy un hombre inglés y estoy dispuesto a ayudaros. Ya podéis verlo, solo tengo un criado pero tenemos armas y municiones. Mas decidme francamente, ¿podemos serviros? ¿Cuál es vuestra situación?

-Nuestra situación, señor, es demasiado complicada para contárosla cuando nuestros asesinos están tan cerca pero, en pocas palabras, os diré que yo era el comandante de ese barco y mis hombres se amotinaron contra mi. Han estado a punto de matarme y, finalmente, me han traído a este lugar desierto con mis dos hombres, uno es mi segundo de abordo y el otro, un pasajero. Esperan dejarnos morir en este lugar que creen deshabitado y aún no sabemos, qué pensar..

¿Dónde están esos animales, vuestros enemigos -le pregunté-, ¿sabéis hacia dónde han ido? -Están allí, señor -me respondió, señalando un grupo de árboles-. Mi corazón tiembla de miedo de que nos hayan visto y escuchado hablar. Si es así, seguramente, nos matarán.

-¿Tienen armas de fuego? -le pregunté. -Solo dos mosquetes y uno de ellos está en la chalupa -respondió. -Pues bien dije-, entonces, yo me encargo del resto. Como están dormidos, será fácil matarlos, aunque, ¿no seria mejor hacerlos prisioneros? Me dijo que entre ellos había dos locos villanos can quienes no seria prudente tener misericordia alguna pero, tomando ciertas medidas, los demás volverían a sus deberes. Le pedí que me mostrara quiénes eran. Me dijo que no podía hacerlo a esa distancia pero que obedecería todas mis órdenes. -Muy bien -1e dije-, retirémonos de su vista para evitar que nos oigan, por lo menos hasta que despierten y hayamos decidido qué hacer. Gustosamente, me siguieron hasta un lugar donde los árboles nos ocultaban.

-Mirad, señor -le dije-, si yo me arriesgo para salvaros a todos, ¿estáis dispuestos a cumplir dos condiciones? Se anticipó a mis palabras y me dijo que tanto él como su nave, si la recuperábamos, se pondrían incondicionalmente bajo mi mando y mis órdenes. Si no podíamos recuperar la nave, viviría y moriría a mi lado en cualquier parte del mundo donde quisiera llevarlo. Los otros dos hombres dijeron lo mismo.

-Bien -dije-, mis condiciones son dos. En primer lugar: mientras permanezcáis en esta isla, no pretenderéis tener ninguna autoridad. Si os doy armas en algún momento, me las devolveréis cuando yo os las pida, no haréis perjuicio contra mí ni contra ninguna de mis pertenencias y estaréis sometidos a mis órdenes. En segundo lugar: si se puede recuperar el navío, nos llevaréis sin costo a mí y a mi siervo a Inglaterra.

Me dio todas las garantías que la imaginación y la buena fe humanas pudieran imaginar, tanto de cumplir con mis razonables exigencias, como de quedar en deuda conmigo por el resto de su vida.

-Bien -dije-, aquí tenéis tres mosquetes con pólvora y balas. Ahora decidme, ¿qué os parece que debemos hacer? Me dio todas las muestras de agradecimiento que pudo y se ofreció a seguir todas mis instrucciones. Le dije que, en cualquier caso, era una operación arriesgada pero lo mejor que podíamos hacer era abrir fuego sobre ellos mientras dormían y, si alguno sobrevivía a nuestra primera descarga y se rendía, lo perdonaríamos. Atacaríamos confiando en que la Providencia Divina nos guiaría.

Me contestó con mucha humildad que, de ser posible, prefería no matar a nadie, pero si aquellos dos villanos incorregibles, que habían sido los autores del motín, lograban escapar, estaríamos perdidos, pues regresarían al barco y traerían al resto de la tripulación. -Bien -dije-, entonces la necesidad confirma mi consejo, ya que es la única forma de salvarnos. Mas notando que el hombre se mostraba receloso ante un derramamiento de sangre, le dije que fuese con sus compañeros y actuase como mejor le pareciese.

En medio de esta conversación, advertimos que algunos comenzaban a despertar y vimos que dos de ellos se habían puesto en pie de un salto. Le pregunté si eran los hombres, que, según me había dicho, habían organizado el motín y me dijo que no. -Entonces, dejadlos escapar -le dije-, pues parece que la Providencia los ha despertado a propósito para que se salven. Ahora bien, si los demás escapan, será por vuestra culpa.

Animado por esto, agarró el mosquete que le había dado y, con una pistola en el cinturón, avanzó con sus dos compañeros, cada uno de los cuales llevaba un arma en la mano. Los dos hombres que iban delante hicieron algún ruido y uno de los marineros se volvió. Viéndolos acercarse, comenzó a gritarles a los demás pero ya era demasiado tarde, pues, tan pronto comenzó a gritar, abrieron fuego; me refiero a los dos hombres, pues el capitán, prudentemente, reservaba su carga. Apuntaron con tanta precisión a los hombres que conocían, que uno de ellos cayó muerto en el acto y el otro quedó gravemente herido. Este intentó incorporarse y empezó a gritar, llamando a los otros para que viniesen a socorrerlo. Mas el capitán se le acercó y le dijo que era muy tarde para pedir auxilio y que más le convenía pedirle perdón a Dios por su traición. Diciendo estas palabras, lo derribó de un culatazo de su mosquete de modo que no pudo volver a hablar nunca más. Había tres más en el grupo y uno de ellos estaba levemente herido. Entonces, me aproximé y, cuando vieron el peligro y que era en vano resistirse, suplicaron misericordia. El capitán les dijo que les perdonaría la vida si le aseguraban que se arrepentían de la traición que habían cometido y le juraban lealtad para recuperar el barco y llevarlo a Jamaica, de donde habían zarpado. Le dieron todas las muestras de sinceridad que pudieron y, como él estaba dispuesto a creerles y a perdonarles la vida, no me opuse pero exigí que permanecieran atados de pies y manos mientras estuviesen en la isla.

Mientras tanto, envié a Viernes a la chalupa con el segundo de abordo y le ordené que la asegurara y trajera los remos y la vela, En eso los otros tres hombres, que se habían ido en otra dirección (felizmente para ellos) regresaron al escuchar los disparos y, al ver a su capitán, que antes había sido su prisionero, convertido en vencedor, accedieron a ser atados como los demás y, así, nuestra victoria fue total.

Solo restaba que el capitán y yo nos contáramos nuestras respectivas circunstancias. A mí me tocó empezar y le conté toda mi historia, que él escuchó con mucha atención, e incluso asombro, en especial, la forma milagrosa en la que había conseguido provisiones y municiones. Como toda mi historia es un cúmulo de milagros, quedó profundamente sobrecogido. Mas, cuando se puso a reflexionar sobre sí mismo y consideró que yo había sido salvado en este lugar para salvarle la vida, comenzó a llorar y no pudo seguir hablando.

Finalizada esta conversación, le conduje junto con sus dos hombres a mi habitación, llevándolos por donde yo había salido, es decir, por lo alto de la casa. Allí les brindé todas las provisiones que tenía y les mostré los inventos que había realizado en mi larga estancia en este lugar.

Todo lo que les mostraba, y les decía, los dejaba profundamente admirados pero, sobre todo, el capitán se quedó muy sorprendido ante mi fortificación y el modo en que había logrado ocultar mi vivienda entre el bosquecillo. Como hada más de veinte años que lo había plantado y, como allí los árboles crecían mucho más rápidamente que en Inglaterra, se había convertido en un frondoso bosque, M posible de atravesar por ninguna de sus partes, excepto por un costado en el que había un tortuoso pasadizo. Le dije que aquel en mi castillo y mi residencia pero que además tenía una residencia de descanso en el campo, como la mayoría de los príncipes, donde podía retirarme de vez en cuando. Le dije que se la mostraría cuando tuviera ocasión pero que, ahora, teníamos que ocuparnos de ver cómo recuperar el barco. Estuvo de acuerdo conmigo pero me, confesó que no tenía idea de cómo hacerlo, pues aún quedaban veintiséis hombres a bordo, que habían participado en una conspiración maldita, y que, a estas alturas, no estarían dispuestos a renunciar a ella. Seguirían, pues, adelante, sabiendo que, si eran derrotados, serían llevados a la horca tan pronto llegaran a Inglaterra o a cualquiera de sus colonias. Por lo tanto, nosotros, siendo tan pocos, no podíamos atacarlos.

Me quedé pensando largamente en lo que me había dicho y me pareció que sus opiniones eran sensatas. Teníamos que pensar rápidamente en la forma de atacar por sorpresa a la tripulación o de evitar que cayeran sobre nosotros y nos mataran.. De pronto, se me ocurrió que, en poco tiempo, la tripulación empezaría a preguntarse qué les habría ocurrido a sus compañeros que habían salido en la chalupa y, sin duda, vendrían a tierra a buscarlos, seguramente armados; y con fuerzas superiores a las nuestras. Al capitán le pareció que esta presunción era razonable.

Entonces, le dije que lo primero que debíamos hacer era evitar que se llevaran la chalupa, que estaba en la playa, vaciándola para que no pudieran utilizarla. Así, pues, nos dirigimos a la barca y retiramos las armas que aún quedaban a bordo y todo lo que encontrarnos: una botella de brandy y otra de ron, algunas galletas, un cuerno de pólvora y un gran terrón de azúcar envuelto en un trozo de lienzo. Todo lo recibí con agrado, en especial, el brandy y el azúcar, que no había probado durante años.

Cuando hubimos llevado todo esto a la costa (ya habíamos cogido los remos, el mástil, la vela y el timón del bote, como he dicho anteriormente), le abrimos un gran agujero en á fondo, de modo que, si venían con fuerzas para derrotarnos, no pudiesen llevársela.

La verdad es que no estaba convencido de que pudiésemos recuperar el barco pero pensaba que, si se iban sin la chalupa, podríamos arreglarla para que pudiera transportarnos hasta las Islas de Sotavento y en el camino recogeríamos a nuestros amigos españoles, a quienes recordaba constantemente. 

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Habíamos arrastrado la chalupa hasta la playa, tierra adentro, para que la marea no pudiera llevársela y le hicimos un agujero en el fondo, lo suficientemente grande como para que no pudiese taponarse fácilmente. De pronto, mientras nos debatíamos sobre qué hacer, escuchamos un cañonazo que procedía del barco y advertimos que hacían señales para llamar a la chalupa a bordo, pero como esta no se movía, dispararon varias veces más y le hicieron nuevas señales.

Finalmente, cuando se dieron cuenta de que las señales y los cañonazos eran inútiles y que la chalupa no regresaba, vimos con la ayuda de mi catalejo que echaban al agua otra chalupa y remaban hacia la orilla. A medida que se aproximaban, pudimos ver que venían al menos diez a bordo y que traían armas de fuego.

Puesto que el barco estaba anclado a casi dos leguas de la costa, podíamos verlos claramente mientras se acercaban, incluso sus rostros, pues la marea los había hecho desplazar se un poco hacia el este y remaban de frente a la orilla, hacia el lugar donde había desembarcado la otra chalupa.

De este modo, como he dicho, podíamos verlos claramente. El capitán reconocía la fisionomía y el carácter de todos los hombres que iban en la chalupa. Nos dijo que entre ellos había tres hombres muy honrados que, dominados o aterrorizados por el resto, se habían visto obligados a participar en el motín, pero el contramaestre, que parecía ser el jefe del grupo, y los demás, eran los más temibles de toda la tripulación y estarían, sin duda, empecinados en proseguir su nueva empresa. Ante esto, el capitán se mostró muy inquieto, pues temía que fuesen demasiado fuertes para nosotros.

Le sonreí diciéndole que en nuestras circunstancias debíamos superar el miedo y, pues, como cualquier situación sería mejor que esta en la que nos encontrábamos, debíamos esperar que el resultado de todo esto fuera la liberación, tanto si vivíamos como si moríamos. Le pregunté su opinión sobre las circunstancias de mi vida y si no le parecía que merecía la pena arriesgarse por la libertad. -Y, ¿dónde está, señor -le dije-, esa confianza en que yo había sobrevivido en esta isla con el propósito de salvarle la vida, que hace un momento le hizo emocionarse? Por mi parte, no veo más que un contratiempo en todo este asunto. -¿Cuál es? -preguntó. -Que entre esa gente, como habéis dicho, hay tres o cuatro hombres honrados a los que es preciso perdonar. Si todos fueran de la misma calaña que el resto de la tripulación, habría creído que la Providencia los había escogido para que cayesen en vuestras manos. Mas, tened fe en que todo hombre que desembarque será tomado prisionero y vivirá o morirá, según se comporte con nosotros.

Le hablé firmemente pero con moderación y me di cuenta de que le había infundido una gran confianza. Así, pues, nos dispusimos a afrontar el problema con decisión y, desde que vimos la chalupa alejarse del navío, retiramos a nuestros prisioneros y los pusimos a buen recaudo.

Había dos de quienes el capitán estaba un poco receloso, y los hice conducir por Viernes y uno de los tres hombres (de los liberados) hacia mi cueva, donde estarían lo suficientemente lejos y fuera de peligro como para ser descubiertos o escuchados, o para encontrar el camino de vuelta a través del bosque si lograban escapar. Allí los dejaron atados con algunas provisiones y les prometieron que si se estaban quietos, los liberaríamos en uno o dos días; pero si intentaban escapar, les ajusticiaríamos sin misericordia. Juraron sinceramente que soportarían la prisión con paciencia y les agradecieron el buen trato, las provisiones y las velas, pues Viernes les dio unas velas (de las que hacíamos nosotros) para que estuviesen más cómodos y les dio a entender que se quedaría vigilando en la entrada de la cueva.

Los demás prisioneros recibieron mejor trato, aunque dos de ellos permanecieron atados, ya que el capitán no se fiaba de ellos. Los otros dos, fueron puestos bajo mis órdenes por recomendación del capitán, con la solemne promesa de vivir o morir con nosotros. De esta forma, contándolos a ellos y a los tres marineros honrados; sumábamos siete hombres bien armados. No dudaba que podríamos enfrentarnos a los diez que venían, teniendo en cuenta que el capitán había dicho que entre ellos también había tres o cuatro hombres honestos.

Tan pronto como llegaron al lugar donde estaba la otra chalupa, metieron la suya en la playa y saltaron a tierra, arrastrándola tras de sí, lo que me alegró mucho, pues te mía que fueran a dejarla anclada a cierta distancia de la orilla, bajo la custodia de alguno de ellos, y no pudiésemos alcanzaría.

Una vez en la orilla, lo primero que hicieron fue correr hacia la otra chalupa. Evidentemente, se quedaron muy sorprendidos de encontrarla desmantelada y con un gran agujero en el fondo.

Después de examinarla durante un tiempo, llamaron dos o tres veces con todas sus fuerzas, a fin de que sus compañeros pudiesen oírlos. Pero fue en vano. Entonces, formaron un círculo e hicieron un disparo de salva con una de sus armas, cuyo estruendo pudimos escuchar claramente y retumbó en todo el bosque. Esto fue todo. Estábamos segures de que los prisioneros que estaban en la cueva no podían oírlo y los que estaban bajo nuestro control, si bien lo oirían, no se atreverían a contestar.

Estaban tan sorprendidos y desconcertados, según confesaron más tarde, que decidieron regresar al barco a decirles a sus compañeros que los otros habían sido asesinados y que la chalupa estaba desfondada. Rápidamente, echaron la suya al mar y se metieron en ella.

El capitán estaba muy sorprendido, incluso confundido ante esto; creyéndolos capaces de regresar al barco y marcharse, dando a sus compañeros por muertos. De ser así, perdería el barco que aún tenía la esperanza de recuperar. Y al poco tiempo; se le presentó otro motivo de preocupación.

Apenas habían navegado un trecho, los vimos regresar a la costa. Esta vez, habían adoptado otra actitud, sobre la que, al parecer, habían deliberado: dejarían tres hombres en la embarcación y el resto bajaría a tierra y se internaría en la isla para buscar a sus compañeros.

Esto nos contrarió gravemente, pues no teníamos idea de lo que debíamos hacer. De nada nos serviría coger a los siete hombres que estaban en la orilla, si dejábamos escapar a los que iban en la chalupa, pues estábamos seguros de que remarían hasta el barco mientras los demás levaban anclas y desplegaban velas. De este modo habríamos perdido toda posibilidad de recuperar el barco. No nos quedaba otro remedio que esperar el giro de los acontecimientos. Los siete hombres saltaron a tierra y los tres que permanecieron en la chalupa se alejaron de la playa, anclando a gran distancia para esperarlos. De este modo, nos resultaba imposible llegar hasta ellos.

Los que desembarcaron se mantuvieron juntos y se encaminaron hacia la cima de la colina, bajo la cual se hallaba mi morada. Podíamos verlos claramente pero ellos no podían vernos a nosotros y hubiésemos deseado que se acercaran para poder dispararles o bien que se alejaran para poder salir.

Mas cuando llegaron a la cima de la calina, desde donde podían divisar una parte de los valles y los bosques situados al noreste, que era la parte más baja de la isla, se pusieron a gritar y aullar hasta que no pudieron más. Sin alejarse de la orilla y sin separarse unos de otros, se sentaron bajo un árbol a discutir lo que debían hacer. Si se hubieran echado a dormir, como lo habían hecho sus compañeros, nos habrían hecho un gran favor: Pero estaban demasiado preocupados por el peligro como para atreverse a dormir, aunque no sabían a qué debían temerle.

El capitán propuso un plan que me pareció muy razonable. Intuía que harían otro disparo de salva para que lo oyeran sus compañeros. En ese momento, debíamos caer sobre ellos, aprovechando que sus armas estaban descargadas. De este modo, se rendirían, sin lugar a dudas, y los capturaríamos sin derramar sangre. Me gustó la idea, siempre y cuando la ejecutáramos mientras estuviéramos lo suficientemente cerca como para alcanzarlos antes de que volvieran a cargar sus armas.

Pero no ocurrió así y nos quedamos quietos mucho tiempo sin saber qué decisión adoptar. Finalmente, les dije que, en mi opinión, no había nada que hacer hasta que cayera la noche y entonces, si no regresaban a la chalupa, tal vez encontraríamos la forma de impedirles llegar a la orilla o utilizar algún tipo de estratagema con los que estaban en la chalupa para hacerlos venir a la orilla.

Esperamos largo rato, aunque muy inquietos, pues temíamos que se alejasen. Después de consultarlo extensamente, vimos que se ponían de pie y se encaminaban hacia el mar, lo cual nos causó una gran consternación. Al parecer, tenían tanto miedo de los peligros del lugar, que decidieron volver a bordo del barco y proseguir su viaje, dando a sus compañeros por muertos.

Apenas advertí que se dirigían a la playa, imaginé lo que, en efecto, ocurría: habían abandonado la búsqueda y se preparaban para regresar. Le comuniqué mis pensamientos al capitán, que se quedó como aterrado. Mas, en seguida se me ocurrió una estratagema para traerlos de vuelta, que respondía cabalmente a mis necesidades.

Ordené a Viernes y al segundo de abordo que cruzaran el pequeño río en dirección al oeste, hacia el lugar donde desembarcaron los salvajes la noche en que Viernes fue rescatado. Cuando llegaran a un pequeño promontorio que estaba como a media milla, gritarían lo más fuertemente que pudieran y esperarían hasta que los marineros los oyeran. Después que les hubiesen contestado, debían regresar, manteniéndose ocultos y respondiendo a sus gritos, a fin de adentrarlos lo más posible en el bosque, dando un largo rodeo por ciertos caminos que les señalé, hasta llegar a donde estábamos nosotros.

Los marineros estaban llegando al bote cuando Viernes y el segucontestaron y comenzaron a correr a lo largo de la costa en dirección oeste, hacia el lugar de donde provenía la voz. Se detuvieron cuando llegaron al río pues estaba demasiado crecido en ese momento como para cruzarlo. Entonces, llamaron a los que estaban en la chalupa para que se llegaran hasta allí y les ayudaran a cruzar, tal y como yo lo esperaba.

Cuando alcanzaron la otra orilla, observé que la chalupa se había internado un buen trecho en el río y había llegado a una especie de puerto en la tierra. Uno de los tres hombres que iban a bordo se unió a los demás, dejando a los otros dos a cargo de ella, después de amarrarla al tronco de un pequeño árbol que estaba en la orilla.

Esto era lo que yo esperaba, así que dejé a Viernes y al segundo de abordo a cargo de su parte. Yo me fui con los otros y, cruzando la ensenada sin ser vistos, sorprendimos a los dos hombres antes de que pudiesen darse cuenta; uno de ellos estaba acostado en el bote y el otro, en la playa. El que estaba acostado en la playa parecía estar entre dormido y despierto y cuando se fue a poner de pie, el capitán, que iba delante, se abalanzó sobre él y lo derribó. Entonces, le gritó al que estaba en la chalupa que se rindiera o sería hombre muerto.

No eran necesarios demasiados argumentos para que un hombre solo se rindiera frente a cinco, cuando su compañero se hallaba derribado en el suelo. Además, al pare cer, este era uno de los tres que no había participado activamente en el motín, como el resto de la tripulación, por lo que, pudimos persuadirlo fácilmente, no solo de rendirse, sino de unirse sinceramente a nosotros.

Mientras tanto, Viernes y el segundo de abordo cumplían cabalmente su misión con los demás marineros. Gritando y aullando, los condujeron de colina en colina y de bosque en bosque hasta dejarlos, totalmente agotados, en un lugar tan apartado, que les sería imposible regresar a la chalupa antes del anochecer. En verdad, ellos mismos estaban extenuados cuando se reunieron con nosotros.

No podíamos hacer más que espiarlos en la oscuridad para poder atacarlos con éxito.

Habían transcurrido varias horas desde que Viernes se había reunido con nosotros cuando los marineros llegaron a la chalupa. Desde lejos, podíamos escuchar a los que venían delante diciéndoles a los demás que apuraran el paso, a lo que estos respondían quejándose y diciendo que estaban tan fatigados que no podían hacerlo. Esto nos alegró mucho.

Finalmente, llegaron a la chalupa. Sería imposible describir la confusión que sintieron al verla en seco, pues la marea había bajado, y no hallar a sus dos compañeros. Llamaban a uno y otro de una forma que daba pena y se decían que se encontraban en una isla encantada; que si estaba habitada por hombres, serían asesinados, y si lo que había eran demonios o espíritus, serían raptados y devorados.

Se pusieron a gritar nuevamente y a llamar a sus compañeros por sus nombres pero no obtuvieron respuesta. Poco después a pesar de la poca claridad, pudimos ver que corrían de un lado a otro, retorciéndose las manos, como enloquecidos. Se sentaban un momento en la chalupa a descansar y luego volvían a la playa, y así estuvieron mucho rato.

Mis hombres estaban deseosos de que les diera la orden de atacarlos, aprovechando la oscuridad, pero yo quería esperar la ocasión más ventajosa, a fin de que muriera la menor cantidad de gente posible. En particular, quería proteger a mis hombres pues sabía que los marineros estaban bien armados. Decidí esperar, por ver si se separaban y, para protegernos de ellos, acercamos nuestra emboscada. Le ordené a Viernes y al capitán que se arrastraran a gatas, lo más agachados que pudieran para no ser descubiertos y se aproximaran al enemigo antes de atacarlo.

Llevaban poco tiempo en esta posición cuando el contramaestre, que había sido el líder del motín y ahora se mostraba corno el más cobarde y desesperado de todos, se acercó hasta donde se hallaban mis hombres con dos miembros de la tripulación. El capitán estaba tan impaciente de ver casi en su poder al principal culpable, que apenas podía esperar a acercarse para asegurar el golpe. Hasta ese momento, solo habían podido escuchar su voz pero cuando los tuvieron a tiro, Viernes y el capitán se pusieron en pie de un salto y abrieron fuego sobre ellos.

El contramaestre cayó muerto en el acto; el segundo cayó muy mal herido cerca de él y murió al cabo de una o dos horas; el tercero pudo escapar.

Cuando sonaron los disparos, avancé enseguida con todo mi ejército, que ahora se componía de ocho hombres: yo, que era el generalísimo; Viernes, que era mi teniente general, el capitán con sus dos hombres y los tres prisioneros a los que les habíamos confiado armas.

Nos acercamos a ellos en la oscuridad, de modo que no pudiesen ver cuántos éramos. Al hombre que habíamos encontrado en la chalupa, que ahora era uno de los nuestros, le ordené llamarlos por sus nombres para intentar llegar a un acuerdo con ellos, lo cual ocurrió tal y como lo deseábamos, pues resulta fácil imaginar que, en la situación en la que se hallaban, no les quedaba otra alternativa que capitular. Así, pues, el marinero llamó a uno de ellos con todas sus fuerzas: -¡Tom Smíth, Tom Smith! Tom Smith respondió al instante. ¿Eres tú, Robinson? -pues le había reconocido la voz. -Sí, sí -respondió Robinson-. En nombre de Dios, Tom Smith, entregad las armas y rendíos porque si no, todos seréis hombres muertos.

¿A quién debemos rendirnos? -preguntó Smith-. ¿Dónde están? -Están aquí -dijo Robinson-. Aquí está nuestro capitán, acompañado de cincuenta hombres y os viene persiguiendo desde hace dos horas. El contramaestre está muerto, Will Frye está herido y yo estoy prisionero. Si no os rendís, estaréis todos perdidos.

¿Se nos dará cuartel si nos rendimos? -preguntó Tom Smith. -Voy a preguntarlo, pero si prometéis rendiros -respondió Robinson. Se dirigió al capitán que les gritó: -Tú, Smith, ya conocéis mi voz. Si os rendís inmediatamente y entregáis las armas, os aseguro las vidas a todos, excepto a Will Atkins.

En seguida, Will Atkins gritó: -En el nombre de Dios, capitán, concededme cuartel. ¿Qué he hecho yo? Todos son tan culpables como yo. Mentía a este respecto pues, al parecer, Will Atkins había sido el primero en tomar prisionero al capitán cuando se amotinaron y lo había tratado injuriosamente, amarrándole las manos e insultándolo. No obstante, el capitán le dijo que se rindiese a su propia discreción y confiara en la misericordia del gobernador. Se refería a mí, pues todos me llamaban gobernador.

Acto seguido, depusieron sus armas y rogaron por sus vidas. Envié al hombre que les había hablado primero con otros dos compañeros para que los atasen. Entonces, mi formidable ejército de cincuenta hombres, que con aquellos tres, sumaba ocho, avanzó hacia ellos y se apoderó de la chalupa. Yo me mantuve alejado con uno de ellos, por razones de estado.

Nuestra siguiente tarea era reparar la chalupa y tomar el barco. El capitán, que ahora tenía tranquilidad para hablar con ellos, les recriminó su villanía y las posibles consecuencias funestas de su proyecto, pues, con toda certeza, los habría podido llevar a la miseria y, a la larga, a la horca.

Todos ellos se mostraron sumamente arrepentidos y suplicaron que se les perdonase la vida. Mas el capitán les dijo que no eran sus prisioneros sino del gobernador de la isla; que había pensado que los abandonarían en una isla desierta pero, con la ayuda de Dios, la isla estaba habitada y su gobernador era un hombre inglés; que este podía hacerlos ahorcar si le parecía, pero, como les había dado cuartel, suponía que los enviaría a Inglaterra para que fuesen juzgados como lo exigía la ley, con la excepción de Atkins, a quien el gobernador había dado órdenes de ahorcar a la mañana siguiente.

Aunque todo esto era una ficción, surtió el efecto que esperaba. Atkins cayó de rodillas y le suplicó al capitán que intercediese por él ante el gobernador. Los demás le pidieron en nombre de Dios que no los enviase a Inglaterra.

Se me ocurrió entonces que el momento de nuestra liberación había llegado y que resultaría muy fácil hacer que aquellos hombres rescataran el navío. Me retiré a la oscuridad, para evitar que se dieran cuenta de la clase de gobernador al que estaban sometidos, y llamé al capitán para que se acercase hasta donde yo estaba. Como me encontraba a gran distancia, uno de los míos se ocupó de llevarle la orden. -Capitán -le dijo-, el gobernador os reclama. El capitán respondió: -Decidle a Su Excelencia que voy de inmediato. Esto les sorprendió y, sin duda, creyeron que el comandante estaba allí con sus cincuenta hombres.

Cuando el capitán se me acercó, le expliqué mi plan para tomar el barco. Le pareció estupendo y decidió ponerlo en práctica a la mañana siguiente. Mas, para ejecutarlo con mayor eficacia y asegurarnos el éxito, le dije que debíamos dividir a los prisioneros. Atkins y otros dos de los más peligrosos debían ser atados y lleva dos a la cueva donde se encontraba el resto. Esta tarea le fue encomendada a Viernes y a dos de los hombres que habían desembarcado con el capitán.

Los llevaron a la cueva, como si fuese a una prisión, que, ciertamente, era un lugar terrible para unos hombres en semejante condición. Ordené que los otros fueran encerrados en mi casa de campo, como solía llamarla, la cual he descrito en detalle. Como estaba cerrada y ellos estaban atados, resultaba muy segura, teniendo en cuenta que debían comportarse bien.

A la mañana siguiente, envié al capitán a hablar con ellos; en otras palabras, a sondearlos y luego informarme si le parecía que podíamos confiar en aquella gente para enviarlos a abordar el navío por sorpresa. El capitán les habló de la injuria que habían cometido contra él y de la situación en la que se hallaban. Les dijo que, aunque el gobernador les perdonaba la vida por el momento, si eran enviados a Inglaterra, sin duda los colgarían con cadenas. Mas, si se sumaban a una empresa justa, como lo era recuperar el navío, le pediría al gobernador que les perdonara la vida.

Cualquiera podría adivinar el entusiasmo con que estos hombres, que se hallaban en tan terrible situación, aceptaron la propuesta. Se arrodillaron ante el capitán y le jura ron que le serían leales hasta derramar la última gota de sangre; que siendo deudores de sus vidas, lo seguirían a cualquier parte del mundo y lo considerarían como un padre mientras viviesen.

-Bien -dijo el capitán-, iré a informar al gobernador de lo que decís y veré si puedo lograr su consentimiento. Me contó sobre el estado de ánimo en que se hallaban los hombres y me afirmó que creía realmente que se mantendrían leales.

No obstante, para asegurarnos, le dije que regresara, escogiera a cinco de ellos y les dijera que tan solo escogería a cinco asistentes y que el gobernador se quedaría con los otros dos, además de los tres que habían sido enviados corno prisioneros al castillo (mi cueva), en calidad de rehenes. Si no ejecutaban su misión como era debido, los cinco rehenes serían colgados en la orilla.

Ante la severidad de estas palabras, quedaron convencidos de la determinación del gobernador. No obstante, no tenían otra alternativa que aceptar la proposición. Ahora les correspondía a ellos, tanto como al capitán, convencer a los otros cinco de cumplir con su deber.

Nuestras fuerzas se organizaron para la expedición de la siguiente manera; 1. El capitán, el segundo de abordo y el pasajero; 2. Los dos prisioneros del primer grupo, a quieres había puesto en libertad y entregado armas por la confianza que les tenía el capitán; 3. Los otros dos que estaban atados en la casa de campo y que acababa de liberar, por recomendación del capitán; 4. Los últimos cinco hombres liberados. En total, sumábamos doce, aparte de los cinco que permanecían en la cueva, en calidad de rehenes.

Le pregunté al capitán si estaba dispuesto a aventurarse a abordar el barco con esta gente, pues no me parecía bien que mi siervo Viernes y yo nos marcháramos, dejando a siete hombres detrás, y que estaríamos bastante ocupados vigilándolos y proveyéndoles alimento. Decidí dejar amarrados a los cinco que estaban en la cueva y Viernes iría dos veces al día a llevarles lo que les hiciera falta. Los otros dos, acarrearían las provisiones a cierta distancia, donde Viernes iría a recogerlas.

Cuando me presenté ante los dos rehenes, el capitán les dijo que yo era la persona a la que el gobernador había encomendado su vigilancia; que el gobernador había decretado que no fuesen a ninguna parte, a menos que yo se lo indicara; y que si escapaban serían perseguidos y atados con cadenas en el castillo. Como no queríamos que supieran que yo era el gobernador, me presenté como si fuera otra persona y les hablé del gobernador, las guarniciones, el castillo y todo lo demás.

El capitán no tenía otra dificultad que aparejar sus dos chalupas, tapar el agujero que tenía una de ellas y comandarías. Le dio el mando de una a su pasajero, que iría con cuatro hombres y él con su segundo de abordo y cinco más tripularían la otra. Calculó su plan a la perfección. Llegaron al barco a medianoche y tan pronto estuvieron lo suficientemente cerca como para que pudiesen escucharlos, le ordenó a Robinson que los llamara y les dijera que regresaban con la gente y la chalupa pero que les había tomado mucho tiempo encontrarlos. Así los entretuvo hasta que los otros, que venían detrás, se acercaron al barco. Entonces, el capitán y el segundo de abordo entraron con sus armas y derribaron de un culatazo al que estaba de segundo y al carpintero, fielmente secundados por el resto de sus hombres. Aseguraron el alcázar y cerraron todas las escotillas para impedir que salieran los que estaban abajo. Los que iban en la otra chalupa subieron por las cadenas de proa y aseguraron el castillo de proa y la escotilla que conducía a la cocina, donde capturaron tres prisioneros.

Cuando hubieron terminado y se hallaron seguros en cubierta, el capitán les ordenó al segundo de abordo y a otros tres hombres irrumpir en el camarote principal donde se hallaba el nuevo capitán rebelde. A la primera señal de alarma, este había recogido unas armas y se había atrincherado allí con dos marineros y un grumete. Cuando el segundo, valiéndose de una palanca, echó abajo la puerta, el nuevo capitán y sus hombres abrieron fuego contra ellos. Al segundo le hicieron una herida de mosquete en el brazo e hirieron a dos más pero ninguno resultó muerto.

Mientras pedía ayuda, el segundo, herido como estaba, entró en el camarote principal y le disparó al nuevo capitán. La bala le entró por la boca y le salió por detrás de la oreja, de modo que no volvió a pronunciar palabra nunca más. Ante esto, los demás se rindieron y el barco pudo recuperarse sin que se perdieran más vidas.

Tan pronto recuperaron el barco, el capitán ordenó que se dispararan siete cañonazos, que era la señal acordada para informarme del éxito de la empresa. Podéis estar seguros de que los escuché con gran placer, dado que estuve en vela, sentado en la playa, desde las dos de la madrugada.

Cuando escuché la señal, me recosté y, como aquel había sido un día agotador, me dormí profundamente hasta que me sorprendió el estrépito de otro cañonazo. Mientras me ponía en pie, oí la voz de un hombre que me llamaba «Gobernador, Gobernador» y de inmediato reconocí la voz del capitán. Subí rápidamente hasta la punta de la colina y lo hallé, apuntando hacia el barco. Me abrazó y me dijo: -Mi querido amigo y salvador, ahí está vuestro barco; es todo vuestro, con todo lo que lleva a bordo y todos los miembros de su tripulación. Miré hacia la nave y la divisé a un poco más de media milla de la playa, pues, tan pronto como la hubieron recuperado, levaron anclas y, aprovechando el buen tiempo, la llevaron hasta la embocadura de la pequeña ensenada, donde volvieron a anclarla. Como la marea estaba alta, el capitán había traído la chalupa hasta el lugar donde yo había llegado con mis balsas y había desembarcado justamente frente a mi puerta.

Al principio, estuve a punto de desmayarme de la emoción, pues veía mi liberación claramente en mis manos. Todo parecía favorable y tenía un gran barco listo para llevarme a donde quisiera. Durante un tiempo, no fui capaz de decirle una palabra y cuando me abrazó, me sujeté a él fuertemente para no caer al suelo.

Advirtió mi conmoción e, inmediatamente, sacó una botella de su bolsillo y me ofreció un trago de un licor que había traído expresamente para mí. Lo bebí y me senté en el suelo pero, a pesar de que me hallaba más calmado, no pude decirle ni una palabra.

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Entonces, yo le abracé como a mi salvador y nos felicitamos mutuamente. Le dije que le veía como a un enviado del cielo para mi salvación y que todo lo ocurrido me parecía una cadena de milagros; que estas cosas eran testimonio de que la Providencia rige al mundo con mano secreta y evidencia de que los ojos de un poder infinito podían ver hasta en el lugar más recóndito de la tierra y ayudar a los miserables cuando Él lo deseaba.

No olvidé elevar al cielo el agradecimiento de mi corazón, pues, ¿qué corazón se resistiría a bendecirle a Él, que había socorrido milagrosamente a alguien que se encontraba en una situación tan desoladora? De Él provenía toda salvación y todos debíamos darle gracias por ello.

Después de conversar un rato, el capitán me dijo que me había traído algunas de las provisiones que había en el barco y que habían podido rescatar del prolongado saqueo de los amotinados. De inmediato, llamó a los que estaban en la chalupa y les ordenó que trajeran los regalos destinados al gobernador. Semejante regalo no parecía destinado a alguien que iba a embarcarse con ellos, sino a cualquiera que fuese a permanecer largo tiempo en la isla.

En primer lugar, me trajeron una caja de botellas do un excelente licor, seis botellas de dos cuartos de vino de Madeira, dos libras de un excelente tabaco, doce trozos de carne, seis trozos de cerdo, una bolsa de guisantes y casi cien libras de galletas.

También me trajeron una caja de azúcar, otra de harina, una bolsa de limones, dos botellas de zumo de lima y un montón de cosas más. Aparte de esto, me dio algo mil veces más útil: seis camisas nuevas, seis corbatas estupendas, dos pares de guantes, un par de zapatos, un sombrero, un par de calcetines y una de sus chaquetas, que había usado muy poco. En pocas palabras, me vistió de pies a cabeza.

Era un regalo generoso y agradable para alguien en mis circunstancias. No obstante, al principio, cuando me puse las ropas me parecieron incómodas, extrañas y desagradables.

Después de las ceremonias, y cuando todas estas cosas maravillosas fueron transportadas a mi pequeña vivienda, comenzamos a debatir qué hacer con los prisioneros, pues teníamos que decidir si los llevaríamos con nosotros, en especial a dos de ellos, que eran incorregibles y obstinados en extremo. El capitán dijo que eran unos bandidos y que no teníamos ninguna obligación hacia ellos, por lo que, si los llevábamos, sería encadenados, como a malhechores, para entregarlos a la justicia en la primera colonia inglesa que tocáramos. No obstante, me di cuenta de que el capitán se sentía intranquilo con la idea.

A esto le respondí que, si lo deseaba, yo me atrevía a ir a por los dos hombres de los que hablaba y preguntarles si estaban dispuestos a quedarse en la isla. -Esto me parece muy bien -dijo el capitán.

-Bien -le dije-, mandaré a buscarlos y hablaré con ellos en su nombre. Mandé a Viernes y a los dos rehenes, que habían sido puestos en libertad por la buena gestión de sus compañeros, a que fueran a la cueva, condujeran a los cinco hombres prisioneros hasta la casa de campo y los retuvieran allí hasta que yo llegara.

Al poco rato volví hasta allí, vestido con mis nuevas ropas y habiendo tomado otra vez el título de gobernador. Cuando estuvimos todos reunidos y con el capitán a mi lado, ordené que trajeran a los prisioneros ante mí y les dije que estaba al tanto de su malvada conducta hacia el capitán y de la forma en que habían tomado el barco con la intención de cometer nuevas fechorías, si la Providencia no los hubiese echo caer en el mismo foso que habían cavado para otros.

Les dije que el barco había sido tomado por órdenes mías, que por eso estaba en la rada y que dentro de poco verían la recompensa que había recibido su rebelde capitán, que estaba colgado del palo mayor. Les pregunté si tenían algo que alegar para que yo no ordenase su ejecución cómo piratas cogidos en el acto del delito, conforme con la autoridad que me había sido conferida.

Uno de ellos contestó, en nombre del resto, que no tenían nada que alegar, salvo que el capitán les había prometido perdonarles la vida cuando los tomó prisioneros, por lo que, humildemente, imploraban mi clemencia. Les dije que no creía que debía tener ninguna clemencia con ellos pero que había decidido abandonar la isla con todos mis hombres y embarcarme con el capitán rumbo a Inglaterra. Como el capitán no podía llevarlos a Inglaterra si no era encadenados como prisioneros para ser enjuiciados por el motín y el hurto del barco, tan pronto llegasen allí, serían condenados a la horca, como bien sabían. Les pregunté si estarían dispuestos a quedarse en la isla, lo cual me parecía lo rriejor para ellos, y les comuniqué que no me importaba que lo hicieran, ya que yo tenía libertad de abandonarla. Puesto que me sentía inclinado a perdonarles la vida, si ellos pensaban que podían sobrevivir aquí, lo haría de grado.

Se mostraron muy agradecidos por esto y dijeron que preferían quedarse en la isla antes que ser conducidos a Inglaterra para ser ahorcados, de modo que accedí en este tema.

No obstante, el capitán comenzó a presentar ciertas objeciones, como si no se atreviese a dejarlos aquí. Me mostré un poco enfadado con el capitán y le dije que eran prisioneros míos y no suyos; que habiéndoles perdonado, no podía faltar a mi palabra; que si no estaba de acuerdo con esto, los pondría en libertad, tal cual los había encontrado; y que si esto no le parecía bien, podía arrestarlos si lograba capturarlos.

Ante esto, todos se mostraron muy agradecidos. En consecuencia, los puse en libertad y les dije que se retiraran al lugar del bosque de donde habían venido y que yo les daría armas, municiones e instrucciones para vivir cómodamente, si esto les parecía bien.

Entonces, comencé a prepararme para subir a bordo del barco. Le dije al capitán que deseaba pasar la noche en la isla para arreglar mis cosas pero deseaba que él permaneciera en el barco, para mantener el orden y, al día siguiente, me enviara una chalupa. Mientras tanto, debía colgar al capitán rebelde del palo mayor para que los hombres pudieran verlo.

Cuando el capitán se hubo marchado, hice venir a esos hombres a mi vivienda y entablé con ellos una conversación muy seria sobre su situación. Les dije que, según mi criterio, habían tomado la decisión correcta porque, si el capitán los llevaba, sin duda serían ahorcados. Les mostré al capitán rebelde colgado del palo mayor del barco y les aseguré que no podían esperar nada mejor.

Después de cerciorarme de que estaban dispuestos a quedarse en la isla, les dije que deseaba contarles la historia de mi vida en aquel lugar, a fin de facilitarles un poco las cosas. Por consiguiente, les hice una detallada descripción del lugar y de mi llegada. Les mostré mis fortificaciones, la forma en que hacía mi pan, sembraba mi grano y secaba mis uvas; en pocas palabras, todo lo necesario para que estuvieran cómodos. También les conté la historia de los dieciséis españoles, por cuyo regreso estábamos aguardando y les dejé una carta, haciéndoles prometer que lo compartirían todo con ellos.

Les dejé mis armas, a saber: cinco mosquetes, tres escopetas de caza y tres espadas. Aún tenía más de un barril y medio de pólvora, pues, después del segundo año, utilicé muy poca y no desperdicié ninguna. Les hice una descripción del modo en que cuidaba las cabras y les di instrucciones para ordeñarlas y alimentarlas y para hacer mantequilla y queso.

En pocas palabras, les conté todos los detalles de mi historia y les dije que le pediría al capitán que les dejara otros dos barriles de pólvora y algunas semillas, las cuales en otro momento me habría gustado mucho tener. También les di la bolsa de guisantes que el capitán me había regalado y les aconsejé que los sembraran y los cultivaran. 

19

Habiendo hecho todo esto, al día siguiente los abandoné y subí a bordo del barco. Nos preparamos inmediatamente para zarpar pero no levamos anclas esa noche. A la mañana siguiente, dos de los cinco hombres que se habían quedado llegaron a nado hasta el barco, quejándose lastimosamente de los otros tres y suplicando por Dios, que los lleváramos en el barco, pues, de lo contrario, serían asesinados. Le rogaron al capitán que los dejase subir a bordo aunque solo fuese para colgarlos inmediatamente.

El capitán dijo que no podía hacer nada sin mi consentimiento y después de algunos inconvenientes y solemnes promesas de enmienda, se les permitió subir a bordo y se les azotó fuertemente, después de lo cual se comportaron como hombres honestos y tranquilos.

Tras de esto, con la marea alta, una de las chalupas fue enviada a la orilla con las cosas que les había prometido a los hombres, a lo cual, por intercesión mía, el capitán agregó sus cofres y algunas ropas, que recibieron con sumo agrado. Además, para animarlos, les dije que, si en el camino encontraba algún navío que pudiera recogerlos, no me olvidaría de ellos.

Al abandonar la isla, traje conmigo algunas reliquias como el gran gorro de piel de cabra que me había confeccionado, la sombrilla y el loro. También traje el dinero, del que hablé al principio, que, como había estado guardado durante tanto tiempo, se había oxidado y ennegrecido y apenas habría podido pasar por plata, si antes no lo hubiese limpiado y pulido. Traje, además, el dinero que había encontrado en el naufragio del barco español.

Y fue así como abandoné la isla el 19 de diciembre de 1686, según los cálculos que hice en el barco, después de haber vivido en ella veintiocho años, dos meses y diecinueve días. De este segundo cautiverio fui liberado el mismo día del mes que había escapado por primera vez de los moros de Salé en una piragua.

Al cabo de un largo viaje, llegamos a Inglaterra el 11 de junto de 1687, después de treinta y cinco años de ausencia.

Cuando llegue a Inglaterra era un perfecto desconocido, como si nunca hubiese vivido allí. Mi benefactora y fiel tesorera, a quien había encomendado todo mi dinero, estaba viva pero había padecido muchas desgracias. Había enviudado por segunda vez y vivía en la pobreza. La tranquilice respecto a lo que me debía y le aseguré que no le causaría ninguna molestia, sino al contrario, en agradecimiento por sus pasadas atenciones y su lealtad, la ayudaría en la medida que me lo permitiera mi pequeña fortuna, lo cual no implicaba que pudiese hacer gran cosa por ella. No obstante, le juré que nunca olvidaría su antiguo afecto por mí y así lo hice cuando estuve en condiciones de ayudarla, cómo se verá en su momento.

Me dirigí a Yorkshire; pero mi padre, mi madre y el restó de mi familia había muerto, excepto dos hermanas y dos hijos de uno de mis hermanos. Cómo no habían tenido noticias mías, después de tantos años, me, creían muerto y no me habían guardado nada de la herencia. En pocas palabras, no encontré apoyo ni auxilio y el pequeño capital que tenía, no era suficiente para establecerme,

No obstante, recibí una muestra de agradecimiento que no esperaba. El capitán del barco, al que había salvado felizmente junto con el navío y todo su cargamento, les contó a sus propietarios, con lujo de detalles, la extraordinaria forma en que yo había salvado sus bienes. Estos. me invitaron á reunirme con ellos y con otros mercaderes interesados y, después de muchos agradecimientos por lo que había hecho, me obsequiaron con casi doscientas libras esterlinas.

Me puse a reflexionar en las circunstancias de mi vida y en lo poco que tenía para establecerme en el mundo. Entonces decidí viajar a Lisboa para ver si podía obtener alguna información sobre mi plantación en Brasil y enterarme de lo que había sido de mi socio, que al cabo de tantos años, me habría dado por muerto.

Con está idea, me embarqué rumbo a Lisboa, a donde llegué en abril del año siguiente. Mi siervo Viernes me acompañaba fielmente en todas estas andanzas y demostró ser el servidor más leal del mundo en todo momento.

Cuando llegué a Lisboa, y después de hacer algunas averiguaciones, encontré a mi viejo amigo, el capitán del barco que me rescató la primera vez en las costas de África. Ahora era un anciano y había abandonado el mar, dejando a su hijo, que ya no era un jovenzuelo, a cargo del barco con el que aún traficaba en Brasil. El viejo no me reconoció y en verdad, tampoco yo pude reconocerlo pero inmediatamente lo recordé, así como él me recordó a mí cuándo le dije quién era.

Después de algunas expresiones de mutuo afecto, le pregunté, como era de esperarse, por mi plantación y mi socio. El viejo me dijo que no había viajado a Brasil en nueve años pero podía asegurarme que la última vez que había estado allí, vio a mi socio con vida, aunque aquellos a los que había dejado a cargo de administrar mis intereses habían muerto. No obstante, suponía que podía recibir cuenta exacta de mi plantación pues, creyéndome muerto, mis administradores habían dado relación de la producción de mi parte al procurador fiscal, que tomaría posesión de ella, en caso de que yo no volviera nunca a reclamarla, dándole una tercera parte al rey y las otras dos terceras partes al monasterio de San Agustín, para ayudar a los pobres y a la conversión de los indios al catolicismo. Mas, si yo la reclamaba o alguien en mi nombre lo hacía, se me restituiría completamente con excepción de los intereses o rentas anuales, que estaban destinados para la caridad y no podían ser reembolsados. Me aseguró que tanto el intendente del rey (de sus tierras) como el proveedor o encargado del monasterio, se habían ocupado de que el titular, es decir, mi socio, les rindiera cuentas anualmente de los beneficios de la plantación, de la cual había apartado, con escrupuloso celo, la mitad que me correspondía.

Le pregunté si sabía cuánto había crecido mi plantación, si le parecía que valía la pena reclamarla o si, por el contrario, solo encontraría obstáculos para recuperar lo que justamente me correspondía.

Me dijo que no podía decirme con exactitud cuánto había crecido mi plantación pero sabía con certeza que mi socio se había hecho muy rico, con solo la mitad y que, según creía recordar, la tercera parte del rey, que, al parecer, le había sido otorgada a otro monasterio o comunidad religiosa, producía unos doscientos moidores al año. En cuanto a la posibilidad de recuperar mis derechos sobre la plantación, estaba seguro de que lo conseguiría pues mi socio, que aún vivía, podía dar fe de mis títulos, que estaban inscritos a mi nombre en el catastro de los propietarios del país. También me dijo que los sucesores de mis dos administradores eran gente honrada y muy rica y que, según pensaba, no solo me ayudarían a recuperar mis posesiones sino que, además, me entregarían una considerable cantidad de dinero por los beneficios producidos en mi plantación durante el tiempo que sus padres la habían administrado antes de la cesión, que debieron ser unos doce años.

Me mostré un poco preocupado e inquieto ante este relato y le pregunté al viejo capitán por qué mis administradores habían dispuesto en esa forma de mis bienes, cuando él sabía que yo había dejado un testamento, que lo declaraba a él, el capitán portugués, mi heredero universal.

Me respondió que aquello era cierto pero que, no estando lo suficientemente seguro de mi muerte, no podía actuar como ejecutor testamentario hasta que tuviese una prueba fehaciente de ella. Además, no había querido inmiscuirse en un asunto que estaba en un lugar tan remoto. No obstante, había registrado el testamento, haciendo constar sus derechos y, en caso de haber sabido con certeza que había muerto, hubiese actuado por medio de un procurador para tomar posesión del ingenio, como llamaban a las haciendas azucareras, y le habría dado a su hijo, que ahora se hallaba en Brasil, poder para hacerlo.

-Pero -agregó el anciano-, tengo que daros otra noticia que quizás no sea tan agradable como las otras y es que, creyéndoos muerto, vuestro socio y sus administradores se ofrecieron a pagarme, en vuestro nombre, los beneficios de los primeros seis u ocho años, los cuales recibí. Mas, como en aquel momento se hicieron grandes gastos para aumentar la producción, construir un ingenio y comprar esclavos, la ganancia no fue tan elevada como después. Debo, daros, empero, cuenta precisa de todo lo que he recibido y de la forma en que he dispuesto de ello.

Al cabo de varios días de conversaciones con este viejo amigo, me trajo la cuenta de los pagos por los primeros seis años de ingresos de la plantación, firmada por mi socio y los administradores, que siempre se efectuó en especias tales como rollos de tabaco, toneles de azúcar, ron, melaza, etc., que son los bienes que produce una plantación de azúcar. Por esta cuenta, descubrí que los ingresos aumentaban considerablemente por año aunque, según se ha dicho, como el desembolso inicial fue grande, las primeras cuentas eran bajas. No obstante, el anciano me dijo que me debía cuatrocientos setenta moidores de oro, aparte de sesenta toneles de azúcar y quince rollos dobles de tabaco, que se habían perdido en un naufragio que sufrió en el camino de vuelta a Lisboa hacía once años.

El buen hombre comenzó entonces a lamentarse de sus desgracias, que lo habían forzado a utilizar mi dinero para cubrir sus pérdidas y comprar una participación en un nuevo navío. -Empero, mi viejo amigo -dijo el anciano-, no careceréis de recursos y tan pronto regrese mi hijo, quedaréis plenamente satisfecho.

Diciendo esto, sacó una vieja bolsa y me entregó, a modo de garantía, ciento sesenta y seis moidores de oro portugueses y los títulos de derechos sobre el navío en el que había ido su hijo a Brasil, del cual poseía una cuarta parte de las participaciones y su hijo, una más.

Me sentí tan conmovido por la honestidad y la amabilidad del pobre viejo, que no pude resistirlo y, recordando todo lo que había hecho por mí cuando me rescató del mar, su trato generoso y, sobre todo, su sinceridad en este momento, apenas podía contener las lágrimas ante sus palabras. Por tanto, le pregunté, en primer lugar, si sus circunstancias le permitían prescindir de tanto dinero de una vez sin que se viese perjudicado. Me contestó que le quebrantaría un poco pero que el dinero era mío y, posiblemente, lo necesitaría más que él.

Todas las palabras del pobre hombre estaban tan cargadas de afecto, que yo apenas podía contener las lágrimas, Resumiendo, tomé cien moidores y le pedí una pluma y tinta para firmar un recibo. Le devolví el resto y le dije que si algún día recuperaba la plantación, se lo devolvería, como en efecto, hice después. Respecto a los títulos de derechos sobre el navío; no podía aceptarlos bajo ninguna circunstancia pues, si alguna vez necesitaba el dinero, sabía que él era lo suficientemente honrado como para pagármelo y si, por el contrario, recuperaba lo que él me había dado esperanzas de recuperar, jamás le pediría un centavo.

Entonces, el anciano me preguntó si podía hacer algo para ayudarme a reclamar mi plantación. Le dije que pensaba ir personalmente. Me respondió que le parecía razonable pero que no había necesidad de que hiciera un viaje tan largo para reclamar mis derechos y recuperar mis ganancias. Como había muchos barcos en el río de Lisboa, listos para zarpar hacia Brasil, inmediatamente me hizo escribir mi nombre en un registro público, junto con una declaración jurada que aseguraba que yo estaba vivo y era la misma persona que había comprado la tierra para cultivar dicha plantación.

Regularizamos la declaración ante un notario y me recomendó agregar un poder legalizado y enviarlo todo con una carta, de su puño y letra, a un comerciante conocido suyo, que vivía allí. Después me propuso que me hospedara en su casa hasta tanto llegase la respuesta.

Jamás se realizó trámite más honorable que este, pues, en menos de siete meses, me llegó un paquete de parte de los herederos de mis difuntos administradores, por cuenta de quienes me había embarcado, que contenía los siguientes documentos y cartas:

En primer lugar, el informe de la producción de mi hacienda o plantación durante los seis años que sus padres habían saldado con mi viejo capitán portugués. El balance daba un beneficio de mil ciento setenta y cuatro moidores a mi favor.

En segundo lugar, el informe de los cuatro años siguientes, durante los cuales, los bienes habían permanecido en su poder antes de que el gobierno reclamase su administración, por ser los bienes de una persona desaparecida; lo que ellos llamaban, muerte civil. Dado el aumento en el valor de la plantación, el balance de dicha cuenta era de treinta y ocho mil ochocientos noventa y dos cruzeiros, que equivalen a tres mil doscientos cuarenta y un moidores.

En tercer lugar, el informe del prior de los agustinos que había recibido los beneficios de mis rentas durante más de catorce años. No teniendo que reembolsar lo que había sido utilizado a favor del hospital, honestamente declaraba que aún le quedaban sin distribuir ochocientos setenta y dos moidores que me pertenecían. De la parte del rey, nada me fue reembolsado.

Había, además, una carta de mi socio en la que me felicitaba muy afectuosamente por estar vivo y me informaba del desarrollo de la plantación, los beneficios anuales, su ex tensión en acres cuadrados y los esclavos que trabajaban en ella. Al final de la carta, había trazado veintidós cruces como señales de bendición que correspondían a los veintidós Ave Marías que había rezado a la Virgen por haberme rescatado con vida. Me invitaba a que fuera personalmente a tomar posesión de mi propiedad o que, al menos, le dijera a quién entregarle mis efectos si no lo hacía. Finalmente, me enviaba muchos saludos afectuosos de su parte y de su familia y un regalo: siete hermosas pieles de leopardo, que, sin duda, había recibido de África, en algún barco fletado por él y que, al parecer, habían hecho un mejor viaje que el mío. Me mandó, además, cinco cajas de excelentes confituras y un centenar de piezas de oro sin acuñar, un poco más pequeñas que los moidores.

En el mismo barco llegaron, por parte de mis administradores, mis doscientas cajas de azúcar, ochocientos rollos de tabaco y el resto de la cuenta en oro. Podría decirse que el final de la historia de Job fue mejor que el principio. Resulta imposible explicar mi emoción cuando leí aquellas cartas y, en especial, cuando me vi rodeado de toda mi fortuna y, dado que los navíos brasileños navegan en flotas, los mismos barcos que me trajeron las cartas, trajeron mis bienes, que estaban a salvo en el río antes de que las cartas llegaran a mis manos. En pocas palabras, me puse pálido, me mareé y si el anciano no me hubiese traído un poco de licor, con toda certeza habría caído muerto de la emoción en el acto.

Incluso, al cabo de unas horas, seguía sintiéndome mal y llamaron a un médico que, conociendo en parte la causa real de mi malestar, me prescribió una sangría, luego de la cual, comencé a recuperarme y a sentirme mejor. Creo que si no hubiese sido por el alivio que me causó esto, habría muerto.

De pronto, me había convertido en dueño de casi cinco mil libras esterlinas en moneda y tenía lo que podría llamarse un estado en Brasil, que me dejaba una renta de mil libras al año y era tan seguro como cualquier estado en Inglaterra. En pocas palabras, me hallaba en una situación que apenas podía comprender ni sabía cómo disfrutar.

Lo primero que hice fue recompensar a mi antiguo benefactor, mi viejo y buen capitán, que había sido caritativo conmigo en mi desesperación, amable al principio y honesto al final. Le mostré todo lo que había recibido y le dije que, después de la Providencia celestial, que dispone todas las cosas, todo se lo debía a él. Ahora me correspondía a mí darle una recompensa, que sería cien veces mayor que lo que me había dado. Primero le entregué los cien moidores que había recibido de él. Entonces, hice llamar a un notario y le ordené que redactara un descargo, lo más clara y detalladamente posible, por los cuatrocientos setenta moidores que me debía, según lo había reconocido. A continuación, di una orden para que se le entregara un poder como recaudador de las rentas anuales de mi plantación, indicándole a mi socio que llegara a un acuerdo con el viejo capitán para que le enviase por barco, a mi nombre, lo producido. En la última cláusula, ordené que se le pagara una renta anual de cien moidores y otra de cincuenta moidores anuales a su hijo. De esta forma, recompensé a mi viejo amigo.

Ahora tenía que decidir qué rumbo tomar y qué hacer con el estado que la Providencia había puesto en mis manos. En realidad, en este momento eran muchas más las preocupaciones que cuando llevaba una vida solitaria en la isla, donde no deseaba nada que no tuviese ni tenía nada que no desease. Ahora, en cambio, tenía un gran peso sobre los hombros y mi problema era buscar la forma de asegurarlo. No disponía de una cueva donde esconder mi dinero ni un lugar donde pudiera dejarlo sin llave o cerrojo para que se enmoheciera antes de que alguien pudiera utilizarlo. Todo lo contrario, ahora no sabía dónde ponerlo ni a quién confiárselo. Mi viejo patrón, el capitán, era un hombre honesto y el único refugio que tenía.

En segundo lugar, mis intereses en Brasil parecían reclamar mi presencia pero no podía ni pensar en marcharme antes de haber arreglado todos mis asuntos y dejado mis bienes en buenas manos. Al principio, pensé en mi vieja amiga, la viuda, que siempre había sido honesta conmigo y seguiría siéndolo. Mas, estaba entrada en años, pobre y, según me parecía, endeudada. No me quedaba otra alternativa que regresar a Inglaterra llevando mis riquezas conmigo.

No obstante, tardé unos meses en resolver este asunto y, habiendo recompensado plenamente y a su entera satisfacción a mi capitán, mi antiguo benefactor, comencé a pensar en la pobre viuda, cuyo marido había sido mi primer protector. Incluso ella, mientras pudo, había sido una leal administradora y consejera. Así, pues, le pedí a un mercader de Lisboa que le escribiera una carta a su corresponsal en Londres, indicándole que, no solo le entregase una letra a aquella mujer, sino que, además, le diese cien libras en moneda y la visitase y consolase en su pobreza, asegurándole que yo la ayudaría mientras viviese. Al mismo tiempo, le envié cien libras a cada una de mis hermanas, que vivían en el campo, pues, aunque no padecían necesidades, tampoco vivían en las mejores condiciones; una se había casado y enviudado y la otra tenía un marido que no era tan generoso con ella como debía.

Sin embargo, no hallaba entre todos mis amigos y conocidos alguien a quien confiarle el grueso de mis bienes, a fin de poder viajar a Brasil, dejando todo asegurado. Esto me producía una gran perplejidad.

Alguna vez había pensado viajar a Brasil y establecerme allí, pues estaba, como quien dice, acostumbrado a aquella región. Pero tenía ciertos escrúpulos religiosos que irracionalmente me disuadían de hacerlo, a los cuales haré referencia. En realidad, no era la religión lo que me detenía, pues si no había tenido reparos en profesar abiertamente la religión del país mientras vivía allí, no iba a tenerlos en estos momentos. Simplemente, ahora pensaba más en dichos asuntos que antes y, cuando imaginaba vivir y morir allí, me arrepentía de haber sido papista, pues tenía la convicción de que esta no era la mejor religión para bien morir.

No obstante, como he dicho, este no era el mayor inconveniente para viajar a Brasil, sino el no saber a quién confiarle mis bienes. Finalmente, resolví viajar con todas mis pertenencias a Inglaterra, donde esperaba encontrar algún amigo o pariente en quien pudiese confiar. Así, pues, me preparé para viajar a mi país con toda mi fortuna.

A fin de preparar las cosas para mi viaje a casa, y puesto que la flota estaba a punto de zarpar rumbo a Brasil, decidí responder a los informes tan precisos y fieles que había recibido. En primer lugar, le escribí una carta de agradecimiento al prior de San Agustín por su justa administración y le ofrecí los ochocientos setenta y dos moidores de los que aún no había dispuesto para que los distribuyera de la siguiente forma: quinientos para el monasterio y trescientos setenta y dos para los pobres, según lo estimara conveniente. Aparte de esto, le expresé mis deseos de contar con las oraciones de los buenos padres.

Luego le escribí una carta a mis dos administradores, reconociendo plenamente su justicia y honestidad. En cuanto a enviarles algún regalo, estaban más allá de cualquier necesidad.

Por último, le escribí a mi socio, agradeciéndole su diligencia en el mejoramiento de mi plantación y su integridad en el aumento de la producción. Le di instrucciones para el futuro gobierno de mi parte según los poderes que le había dejado a mi antiguo patrón, a quien deseaba que se le enviase todo lo que se me adeudaba, hasta nuevo aviso y le aseguré que, no solo iría a verlo, sino a establecerme allí por el resto de mi vida. A esto añadí unas hermosas sedas italianas para su mujer y sus dos hijas, pues el hijo del capitán me había hablado de su familia, y dos piezas del mejor paño inglés que pude encontrar en Lisboa, cinco piezas de frisa negra y algunas puntillas de Flandes de mucho valor.

Tras poner en orden mis negocios y convertir mis bienes en buenas letras de cambio, aún me faltaba decidir cómo llegar a Inglaterra. -Me había acostumbrado al mar pero, esta vez, sentía cierto recelo de regresar a Inglaterra por barco y, aunque no era capaz de explicar el porqué, la aversión fue aumentando de tal modo, que no una, sino dos o tres veces, cambié de parecer e hice desembarcar mi equipaje.

La verdad es que había sido muy desafortunado en el mar y, tal vez, esta era una de las razones. Pero en circunstancias como la mía, ningún hombre debería desdeñar los impulsos de sus pensamientos más profundos. Dos de los barcos que había escogido para viajar -y digo dos porque a uno de ellos hice conducir mis pertenencias y, en el otro, incluso llegué a apalabrar el viaje con el capitán-, sufrieron terribles percances. Uno de ellos fue tomado por los argelinos y el otro naufragó en Start, cerca de Torbay y todos los que iban a bordo murieron, excepto tres hombres. Así, pues, en cualquiera de estos navíos, hubiese padecido miserias y sería difícil decir en cuál hubieran sido peores.

Acosado por estos pensamientos, mi antiguo patrón, a quien le contaba todo lo que me sucedía, me recomendó encarecidamente que no fuera por mar sino por tierra hasta La Coruña, que atravesara la bahía de Vizcaya hasta La Rochelle, que siguiera por tierra hasta París, que era un viaje seguro y fácil de hacer y, de ahí pasara a Calais y Dover. También podía llegar hasta Madrid y hacer el viaje por tierra hasta Francia.

En pocas palabras, estaba tan predispuesto contra el mar, que decidí hacer todo el trayecto por tierra, con la excepción del paso de Calais a Dover. Como no tenía prisa ni me importaban los gastos, realmente era la forma más placentera de hacer el viaje. Y, para hacerlo más agradable, mi viejo capitán me presentó a un caballero inglés, hijo de un comerciante de Lisboa, que estaba dispuesto a viajar conmigo. Más tarde, se nos unieron dos mercaderes ingleses y dos jóvenes caballeros portugueses, que solo viajaban hasta París. En total éramos seis y cinco criados; los dos mercaderes ingleses y los dos jóvenes portugueses se contentaron con un criado por pareja, a fin de ahorrar en los gastos, y yo llevaba a un marinero inglés para que me sirviera, aparte de mi siervo Viernes, que por ser extranjero, no estaba capacitado para servirme en el camino.

De este modo, salí de Lisboa y, como estábamos todos bien montados y armados, formábamos una pequeña tropa, de la cual tuve el honor de ser designado capitán, no solo por ser el mayor, sino porque tenía dos criados y era el promotor del viaje.

Así como no he querido aburriros con mi diario de mar, tampoco quisiera hacerlo con el de tierra, aunque durante este largo y difícil trayecto, nos acontecieron algunas aventuras que no debo omitir.

Cuando llegamos a Madrid, siendo todos extranjeros en España, decidimos quedarnos algún tiempo para ver las cortes de España y todo aquello que fuese digno de verse. Como estábamos a finales del verano, decidimos apresurarnos y salimos de Madrid hacia mediados de octubre. En la frontera con Navarra, en varios pueblos nos dijeron que había caído tal cantidad de nieve en el lado francés de las montañas, que muchos viajeros se habían visto obligados a regresar a Pamplona, después de haber intentado proseguir su camino con grandes riesgos.

Cuando llegamos a Pamplona, confirmamos lo que nos habían dicho. A mí, que siempre había vivido en un clima cálido, en el cual apenas podía tolerar las ropas, el frío se me hacía insoportable. En realidad, a todos nos resultaba más penoso que sorprendente sentir el viento de los Pirineos, tan frío e intolerable, que amenazaba con congelarnos las manos y los pies; sobre todo, cuando hacía apenas diez días que habíamos salido de Castilla la Vieja, donde no solo hacía buen tiempo, sino calor.

El pobre Viernes se asustó verdaderamente cuando vio aquellas montañas, cubiertas de nieve y sintió el frío, pues eran cosas que jamás había visto ni sentido en su vida.

Para empeorar las cosas, cuando llegamos a Pamplona, siguió nevando con tanta violencia e intensidad, que la gente decía que el invierno se había adelantado. Los caminos, que de por sí eran difíciles, se volvieron intransitables. En pocas palabras, la nieve era tan densa en ciertos lugares, que resultaba imposible pasar y, como no se había endurecido, como en los países septentrionales, se corría el riesgo de morir enterrado en vida a cada paso. Permanecimos no menos de veinte días en Pamplona, donde advertimos que se aproximaba el invierno y que el tiempo no iba a mejorar, pues se trataba del invierno más severo que podía recordarse en toda Europa. Propuse que fuésemos a Fuenterrabía y de allí, tomásemos el barco para Burdeos, que solo era una travesía corta por mar.

Mas, mientras deliberábamos sobre esta posibilidad, llegaron cuatro caballeros franceses que se habían visto obligados a detenerse en el lado francés, como nos había ocurrido a nosotros en el lado español. En el camino, habían dado con un guía, con el que, atravesando la región cercana a Languedoc, habían cruzado las montañas por senderos en los que la nieve no resultaba demasiado incómoda. A pesar de que habían encontrado mucha nieve en el camino, según decían, estaba lo suficientemente dura como para soportar su peso y el de sus caballos.

Fuimos a buscar al guía, que se comprometió a llevarnos por el mismo camino sin peligro de la nieve, contando con que fuésemos bien armados para protegernos de los anima les salvajes, pues, según nos dijo, no era extraño encontrar lobos hambrientos y rabiosos al pie de las montañas cuando caía una gran nevada. Le dijimos que íbamos bien armados para enfrentarnos a semejantes criaturas pero debía asegurarnos que él nos protegería de una especie de lobos de dos piernas, que, según nos habían dicho, rondaban por el lado francés de las montañas y eran harto peligrosos.

Nos aseguró que en ese sentido no teníamos nada que temer, en el camino por el que nos iba a llevar. Inmediatamente acordamos seguirlo y lo mismo hicieron otros doce caballeros, con sus sirvientes, franceses y españoles, que, como he dicho, se habían visto obligados a retroceder.

Así, pues, salimos de Pamplona con nuestro guía el 15 de noviembre. Me llamó la atención que, en lugar de conducirnos hacia delante, nos hiciera retroceder cerca de veinte millas por el mismo camino que habíamos recorrido al salir de Madrid. Después de cruzar dos ríos y llegar a la llanura, nos encontramos nuevamente un clima templado y un paisaje agradable sin nada de nieve. Mas nuestro guía, girando súbitamente a la izquierda, nos condujo hacia las montañas por otra ruta. Y, aunque los montes y los precipicios nos parecían aterradores, nos hizo dar tantas vueltas, serpentear y recorrer caminos tan tortuosos, que sin apenas advertirlo, cruzamos las elevadas montañas, sin que la nieve nos importunase. De pronto, nos señaló las agradables y fértiles regiones de Languedoc y Gascuña, que estaban verdes y florecidas. No obstante, nos hallábamos a gran distancia de ellas y aún nos quedaba un camino difícil por recorrer.

Nos intranquilizamos un poco cuando vimos que nevó todo un día y una noche, con tanta fuerza que no pudimos seguir. El guía nos dijo que nos tranquilizáramos porque en poco tiempo saldríamos de esto y, en efecto, a medida que íbamos bajando, podíamos ver que nos dirigíamos cada vez más hacia el norte. Por lo tanto, proseguimos el camino confiados en nuestro guía.

Dos horas antes de que cayera la noche, nuestro guía iba a tal distancia delante de nosotros que no podíamos verlo. De repente, tres monstruosos lobos y, tras ellos, un oso, saltaron desde una zanja que se prolongaba hacia un bosque muy frondoso. Dos de los lobos se precipitaron sobre él, que si se hubiese encontrado más lejos de nosotros habría sido devorado sin que pudiésemos socorrerlo. Uno de ellos se lanzó sobre su caballo y el otro lo atacó con tanta violencia que no tuvo tiempo ni tino para utilizar sus armas, limitándose tan solo a gritar con todas sus fuerzas. Le ordené a mi siervo Viernes, que estaba a mi lado, que fuera a galope para ver qué ocurría. Tan pronto divisó al hombre, comenzó a gritar con tanta fuerza como aquél: -¡Oh, amo! ¡Oh, amo! -y valientemente galopó hasta donde estaba el pobre hombre y le disparó en la cabeza al lobo que estaba atacándolo.

Por suerte para el pobre hombre, fue mi siervo Viernes el que acudió a socorrerlo, pues estaba acostumbrado a ver animales de este tipo en su país, por lo que se acercó sin miedo y disparó con puntería. Otro, tal vez, habría disparado de lejos, a riesgo de no herir al lobo sino al hombre.

Pero incluso alguien más valiente que yo se habría asustado ante esto, como en efecto sucedió, pues toda la compañía se inquietó cuando, después del disparo de Viernes, comenzamos a oír por todas partes unos tremebundos aullidos que, redoblados por el eco de las montañas, parecían provenir de una descomunal jauría de lobos. Lo más probable es que no fueran pocos, por lo que nuestros temores estaban justificados.

No obstante, cuando Viernes mató al lobo, el otro, que se había lanzado sobre el caballo, abandonó su presa de inmediato y huyó. Por suerte, se había abalanzado sobre la cabeza del caballo y sus fauces se habían enganchado en las bridas, de manera que no le hizo demasiado daño. El hombre, en cambio, estaba gravemente herido, pues el furioso animal lo había mordido dos veces en el brazo y otra en la pierna, por encima de la rodilla, y estaba a punto de ser derribado del pobre caballo espantado cuando Viernes le disparó al lobo.

Es fácil suponer que, al sonido del disparo de Viernes, apuramos el paso por el camino (que era bastante tortuoso) para ver qué ocurría. Apenas pasamos los árboles que nos entorpecían la vista, pudimos ver claramente lo que había ocurrido y cómo Viernes había salvado al pobre guía, aunque no podíamos precisar qué tipo de animal había matado.

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Pero jamás se vio una lucha más feroz y sorprendente, que la que se produjo entre Viernes y el oso, que (después de tomarnos por sorpresa y asustarnos) nos brindó un espectáculo inmejorable. El oso es una fiera lenta y pesada, por lo que no puede correr como el lobo, que, en cambio, es ágil y liviano. Por esta razón, generalmente tiene dos patrones de acción. En primer lugar, el hombre no es su presa habitual, y digo habitual porque nunca se sabe qué puede hacer cuando está hambriento, como era el caso en este momento que todo el suelo estaba cubierto de nieve. Digo, pues, que no suele atacar al hombre, a menos que este lo ataque primero; todo lo contrario, cuando alguien se encuentra con un oso en el bosque, si no lo provoca, él no le hará nada; pero hay que ser muy cuidadoso y cederle el camino pues es un caballero muy quisquilloso que no desviará su ruta ni ante un príncipe. Más aún, si se le tiene miedo, lo más conveniente es mirar hacia otro lado y proseguir la marcha, pues si, por casualidad, uno se detiene y lo mira fijamente, lo considerará una ofensa. Si, desgraciadamente, se le arroja cualquier cosa que tan solo lo roce, aunque sea una rama más delgada que un dedo, se sentirá ultrajado y abandonará todo lo que esté haciendo para vengarse, pues querrá resarcir su honra en el acto. Esta es su primera característica. La segunda es que, si le ofendes una vez, te perseguirá día y noche sin tregua hasta vengarse de ti.

Mi siervo Viernes había salvado a nuestro guía y, cuando finalmente llegamos hasta él, lo estaba ayudando a bajar del caballo, pues el hombre estaba herido y asustado, tal vez lo segundo más que lo primero. De repente, advertimos que el oso más monstruoso y descomunal del mundo, al menos el más grande que jamás hubiera visto yo, salía del bosque. Nos quedamos sorprendidos ante su presencia mas, cuando Viernes lo vio, se mostró claramente alegre y arrojado. -¡Oh, oh, oh! -dijo Viernes tres veces seguidas, apuntándolo con el dedo-. Amo, dame permiso. Le doy la mano y te hago reír.

Me quedé perplejo de ver al muchacho tan animado. -¿Estás loco? -le pregunté-. Te va a devorar. -¿Devorar mí? ¿Devorar mí? -repitió Viernes-, yo devorar él. Yo hago reír. Todos se quedan aquí. Yo hago reír. Se sentó en el suelo, se quitó las botas rápidamente y se puso un par de zapatos que llevaba en el bolso. Le entregó su caballo a mi otro criado y, armado con su fusil, salió corriendo como el viento.

El oso proseguía su camino tranquilamente, sin pensar en atacar a nadie, hasta que Viernes, ya muy cerca de él, se puso a llamarlo como si el animal pudiese entenderlo. -¡Oye, oye! ¡Hablo contigo! Seguimos a Viernes a cierta distancia pues, habiendo descendido los montes gascones, nos hallábamos en un valle despejado, en el que solo había algunos árboles dispersos aquí y allá.

Viernes estaba, como he dicho, detrás del oso. Rápidamente, se llegó hacia donde estaba y, tomando una piedra, se la lanzó, dándole en la cabeza pero sin hacerle más daño que si la hubiese lanzado contra una pared. No obstante, logró el efecto deseado, pues el muy bandido, sin el más mínimo temor, tan solo pretendía que el oso lo persiguiera para hacernos reír.

Tan pronto sintió la pedrada y lo vio, el oso se dio la vuelta y comenzó a perseguirlo con unas zancadas largas y diabólicas, moviéndose irregularmente, a la velocidad del trote de un caballo. Viernes comenzó a correr y se encaminó hacia nosotros, como pidiendo socorro, así que decidimos dispararle al oso todos a la vez, para salvar a mi siervo. Yo estaba furioso con Viernes por haber atraído el oso hacia nosotros, cuando el animal no tenía intenciones de atacarnos, y luego salir corriendo en otra dirección. Le grité: -Perro, ¿es esta tu manera de hacernos reír? ¡Ven aquí y coge tu caballo para que podamos dispararle al oso! Me oyó gritar y respondió: -¡No dispares! ¡No dispares! Tranquilos. Se ríen mucho. Por cada paso del oso, el ágil muchacho daba dos y, así, giró de repente muy cerca de nosotros y nos hizo señas para que le siguiéramos. Viendo un enorme roble, como puesto allí para sus propósitos, se subió a él, dejando el fusil en el suelo a cinco o seis yardas de allí.

Mientras nosotros los seguíamos a cierta distancia, el oso llegó al árbol rápidamente. Lo primero que hizo fue acercarse al fusil y olisquearlo mas no tardó en abandonar lo. Se agarró del tronco del árbol y comenzó a trepar como un gato, a pesar de su tamaño. Yo estaba perplejo ante la locura de mi siervo y no veía el menor motivo de risa hasta que el oso se encaramó en el árbol.

Nos acercamos y vimos que Viernes había alcanzado el extremo de una rama muy gruesa y el oso había avanzado la mitad del camino hacia él. Cuando el oso llegó a la parte más delgada de la rama, nos gritó: -¡Ah! Mirar que enseño oso a bailar. Se puso a saltar y a sacudir la rama, ante lo cual, el oso se puso a temblar sin atreverse a avanzar y mirando hacia atrás para ver cómo regresar. Esto en verdad nos hizo reír a carcajadas. Pero aún no había terminado la broma. Cuando Viernes advirtió que se quedaba quieto, volvió a llamarlo como si el oso entendiese el inglés. -¿No avanzas más? Te pido que acerques. Dejó de sacudir la rama y el oso, como si hubiese comprendido, avanzó un poco más. Entonces comenzó a saltar nuevamente y el oso se detuvo.

Pensamos que era un buen momento para dispararle a la cabeza y le grité a Viernes que se estuviese quieto para que pudiésemos hacerlo. Mas nos respondió enérgicamente: -¡Oh, ruego! ¡Oh, ruego! No dispares. Yo disparo entonces. Quería decir después. Pero, para hacer el cuento corto, diré que Viernes bailoteaba de tal forma y el oso adoptaba unas posturas tan graciosas que nos reímos muchísimo. No obstante, todavía no sabíamos cuál era su intención pues, primero pensamos que quería tirar abajo al animal pero el oso era muy astuto y se agarraba tan fuertemente a la rama para no caer, que no teníamos idea del modo en que acabaría la broma.

En el acto, Viernes nos sacó de dudas pues, advirtiendo que el oso se mantenía aferrado a la rama y no estaba dispuesto a avanzar, le dijo: -Bien, tú no quieres venir cerca. Yo voy cerca. Tú no vienes, yo voy. Entonces retrocedió hasta la parte más delgada de la rama, que se doblaría con su peso y, deslizándose suavemente, se colgó de ella hasta que casi tocó el suelo con los pies. Dio un pequeño salto y corrió hasta su fusil. Lo preparó y se quedó quieto aguardando.

-Bien, Viernes -le pregunté-, ¿qué pretendes hacer ahora? ¿Por qué no le disparas? -No disparar -me respondió-. No ahora. Si dispara ahora no mata. Yo espero y hago más reír. Y en efecto lo logró, pues el oso, al ver que su adversario huía, retrocedió y comenzó a bajar por la rama, con mucho cuidado y mirando hacia atrás a cada paso. Luego apoyó una de las patas traseras en el tronco, se agarró fuertemente y prosiguió su descenso lentamente, apoyando solo una pata a la vez. En el preciso momento en que apoyó la primera pata en el suelo, Viernes se acercó al animal, le puso la punta del fusil en la oreja y le disparó, dejándolo muerto como una piedra.

Entonces, el muy bandido se volvió hacia nosotros para ver si nos había hecho gracia y como vio que estábamos satisfechos, se echó a reír estrepitosamente y nos dijo: -Así nosotros matamos oso en mi país. -¿Así los matáis? -le pregunté, pero si no tenéis fusiles. -No -contestó-, no fusiles pero dispara flecha larga mucha.

Esto nos divirtió mucho pero nos encontrábamos en un lugar desierto, nuestro guía estaba gravemente herido y no teníamos idea de lo que debíamos hacer. Los aullidos de los lobos aún resonaban en mi cabeza y, aparte del ruido que escuché una vez en las costas de África, del que ya he hablado, jamás había oído nada que me inspirara tanto temor.

Esto y la proximidad de la noche, nos alertó. Viernes nos sugirió que le quitásemos la piel a aquel monstruoso animal, pues valía la pena conservarla, pero todavía nos quedaban tres leguas que recorrer y el guía comenzaba a mostrarse impaciente. Lo dejamos, pues, y proseguimos nuestro camino.

La tierra aún estaba cubierta de nieve, aunque ya no tan espesa ni tan peligrosa como en los montes. Las jaurías de lobos salvajes, según nos enteramos después, habían descendido al bosque y a las llanuras, acosados por el hambre, en busca de alimento. De este modo, causaron grandes estragos en las aldeas, donde tomaron por sorpresa a los campesinos y devoraron una gran cantidad de ovejas y caballos e, incluso, algunas personas.

Aún teníamos que cruzar un tramo difícil, según nos informó nuestro guía, y si había lobos en la región, seguro que los encontraríamos allí. Era una pequeña llanura, rodeada de bosques por todos lados, terminada en un largo y estrecho desfiladero, que teníamos que cruzar para poder atravesar el bosque y llegar al pueblo donde debíamos pasar la noche.

Media hora antes de la puesta del sol, llegamos al primer bosque y, al caer la noche, alcanzamos la pequeña llanura. Al principio, no nos topamos con nada, excepto en un pequeño claro, que no tendría más de un cuarto de milla de extensión, donde vimos cinco enormes lobos cruzando el camino, en fila y a gran velocidad, como si estuviesen persiguiendo una presa. Ni siquiera advirtieron nuestra presencia y pronto desaparecieron de nuestra vista. Ante esto, nuestro guía, que dicho sea de paso era un miserable cobarde, nos ordenó estar alertas, pues creía que vendrían más lobos.

Preparamos nuestras armas y nos mantuvimos en guardia pero no volvimos a ver otro lobo hasta que atravesamos el bosque y llegamos a la llanura que estaba a media legua. Cuando llegamos a ella, pudimos ver claramente a nuestro alrededor. Lo primero que nos encontramos fue un caballo muerto, es decir, un pobre caballo que los lobos habían matado. Había al menos una docena de ellos, royendo los huesos, pues ya se habían comido toda la carne.

No nos pareció prudente molestarlos en medio de su festín y tampoco ellos se fijaron mucho en nosotros. Viernes hubiera querido dispararles pero se lo prohibí terminantemente, temiendo que la situación se nos fuera de las manos. No habíamos atravesado aún la mitad de la llanura cuando comenzamos a escuchar aullidos aterradores que provenían del bosque a nuestra izquierda. Al instante, vimos como a cien lobos que se aproximaban a nosotros en fila, con algunos líderes en la delantera, como un ejército guiado por oficiales expertos. Apenas si sabía qué hacer para enfrentarnos a ellos pero me pareció que la mejor manera de hacerlo era formando un frente cerrado, lo cual hicimos a toda velocidad. Como entre cada ráfaga de tiros no tendríamos mucho tiempo para recargar las armas, di órdenes de que solo disparase un hombre a la vez, mientras el resto se preparaba para la segunda descarga, en caso de que los lobos siguieran avanzando hacia nosotros. Los primeros en disparar no debían demorarse en volver a cargar su armas, sino echar mano de sus pistolas, pues todos llevábamos un fusil y dos pistolas. De esta forma, podíamos disparar seis veces utilizando tan sólo la mitad de las fuerzas. No obstante, descubrimos que no teníamos por qué preocuparnos pues, al primer disparo, los lobos se detuvieron en seco, asustados tanto por el fuego como por las explosiones. Cuatro de ellos murieron de sendos disparos en la cabeza y otros apenas fueron heridos pero salieron huyendo, dejando las manchas de su sangre en la nieve. Me di cuenta de que se detenían pero no se retiraban y, recordando que una vez me habían dicho que nada ahuyentaba a las fieras como la voz humana, ordené a mi gente que gritara lo más fuertemente que pudiese. Comprobé que el consejo era acertado, pues, en el acto, los lobos comenzaron a retroceder y marcharse. Entonces, aprovechamos la oportunidad para dispararles nuevamente, lo que los obligó a huir y esconderse en el bosque.

Esto nos permitió recargar las armas y, a fin de no perder tiempo, proseguimos nuestra marcha. Mas no bien habíamos recargado nuestros fusiles y nos habíamos puesto en guardia, escuchamos un estruendo en medio del bosque hacia nuestra izquierda, un poco más adelante, en el mismo camino que debíamos seguir.

La noche se aproximaba y la luz comenzaba a menguar, lo cual empeoraba las cosas. Como el ruido aumentaba, nos dábamos cuenta de que se trataba de los aullidos de aquellas criaturas diabólicas. De pronto, vimos tres tropas de lobos, una a nuestra izquierda, otra a nuestras espaldas y una tercera delante de nosotros, que nos rodeaban. No obstante, no avanzaban en nuestra dirección y, por tanto, seguimos el camino tan rápidamente como podían nuestros caballos, es decir, a trote, pues el camino era muy escabroso y no nos permitía ir más de prisa. De este modo, llegamos hasta la entrada del bosque por el que teníamos que cruzar, al final de la llanura. Mas no bien comenzamos a acercarnos a la senda, nos sorprendió una jauría de lobos, que aguardaba justo a la entrada.

De pronto, escuchamos un disparo que provenía de la otra entrada del bosque. Cuando miramos en esa dirección, vimos un caballo con su silla y sus bridas, que corría como el viento, perseguido a toda velocidad por dieciséis o diecisiete lobos. Los lobos iban pisándole los cascos y el pobre animal, con toda seguridad, sería incapaz de aguantar un galope tan veloz y, finalmente, los lobos lo alcanzarían y lo devorarían; como, en efecto, ocurrió.

Entonces vimos un espectáculo aterrador, pues en la entrada del bosque por la que había salido aquel caballo, encontramos los restos de otro caballo y dos hombres que habían sido devorados por los lobos. Sin duda, uno de ellos era quien había disparado porque, junto a su cuerpo, estaba el fusil descargado. La cabeza y la parte superior de su cuerpo, ya habían sido devoradas.

Esto nos dejó espantados y sin saber el rumbo que debíamos tomar pero los lobos pusieron fin a nuestras dudas, pues comenzaron a rodearnos, para atacarnos. Estoy seguro de que serían más de trescientos lobos. Por suerte, a la salida del bosque, hallamos unos grandes árboles cortados el verano anterior y, seguramente, dejados allí para ser transportados más tarde. Dirigí mi pequeño ejército hacia estos árboles y nos colocamos en línea detrás de uno de ellos. Les ordené desmontar y atrincherarse detrás del tronco del árbol, formando un triángulo para poder atacar por tres frentes y mantener los caballos en el centro.

Así lo hicimos, e hicimos bien, pues jamás se había visto un ataque más feroz que el que nos hicieron aquellas criaturas en ese lugar. Avanzaron hacia nosotros aullando y subieron a los troncos que, como he dicho, nos servían de parapeto, como si fueran a atacar a una presa. Esta furia, al parecer, había sido ocasionada por la vista de los caballos, que estaban a nuestras espaldas y eran la presa que más les interesaba. Les ordené a mis hombres disparar como lo habíamos hecho la vez anterior. Apuntaron tan bien, que mataron varios en la primera descarga. Mas había que seguir disparando, pues avanzaban hacia nosotros como demonios y los que estaban atrás empujaban a los de adelante.

Cuando disparamos por segunda vez, pensamos que se habían detenido un poco y que huirían, pero no fue así, porque otros vinieron al ataque, de manera que nos vimos obligados a disparar nuestras pistolas dos veces más. Supongo que, en las cuatro descargas, logramos matar a diecisiete o dieciocho y herir al doble, pero los animales volvían al ataque una y otra vez.

No quería gastar nuestro último disparo a la ligera, así que llamé a mi criado, no a Viernes, que ya estaba lo suficientemente ocupado, pues con la mayor destreza imaginable había recargado mi fusil y el suyo mientras disparábamos, sino al otro criado, a quien le di un cuerno de pólvora y le ordené que la esparciera a lo largo del tronco más grueso. Así lo hizo y, no bien había regresado, cuando los lobos se dispusieron a atacar por ese lado; algunos, incluso, llegaron a saltar sobre el tronco. Entonces, apuntando con la pistola sobre la pólvora esparcida, disparé. La pólvora se incendió y todos los que estaban encima del tronco se quemaron y seis o siete cayeron, saltaron, más bien, por la intensidad del fuego. A estos los liquidamos en un momento y los demás, se asustaron tanto con el resplandor de la explosión, más intenso por la oscuridad de la noche, que se retiraron un poco. Ordené disparar el último tiro de nuestras pistolas, después del cual, nos pusimos a gritar. Ante esto, los lobos dieron la vuelta y nosotros nos lanzamos sobre casi veinte de ellos que estaban heridos en el suelo. Los acuchillamos con nuestras espadas y obtuvimos el resultado que esperábamos pues, el resto de ellos, al oír sus lamentos y aullidos, huyeron a toda prisa y nos dejaron en paz.

En total, matamos a unos sesenta lobos y, si hubiera sido de día, habríamos matado muchos más. Despejado el campo de batalla, proseguimos nuestro camino, pues aún nos quedaba casi una legua por andar. A lo largo del camino, escuchamos varias veces el aullido de estas fieras salvajes y en más de una ocasión, nos pareció ver alguno de ellos pero la nieve nos hacía daño en los ojos y no podíamos ver con precisión. Al cabo de una hora, llegamos al pueblo donde íbamos a pasar la noche. Hallamos a todos armados y terriblemente asustados, pues, al parecer, la noche anterior los lobos y algunos osos habían irrumpido en el pueblo, por lo que se habían visto obligados a permanecer en vela toda la noche y todo el día, especialmente la noche, para proteger su ganado e, incluso, a su gente.

A la mañana siguiente, nuestro guía se encontraba tan mal y se le habían hinchado tanto las extremidades a causa de las dos heridas, que no pudo proseguir el viaje, por lo que tuvimos que buscar otro guía que nos llevara hasta Toulouse. Allí encontramos un clima templado y una campiña fértil y agradable, donde no había nieve ni lobos. Cuando contamos lo que nos había ocurrido, nos dijeron que era lo habitual en aquellos bosques al pie de la montaña, en especial, cuando el suelo estaba cubierto de nieve. Nos preguntaron qué clase de guía habíamos contratado que se había atrevido a llevarnos por un camino tan peligroso, sobre todo, en aquella época del año y nos dijeron que debíamos sentirnos muy afortunados de que no nos hubiesen devorado. Cuando les dijimos la forma en que nos habíamos atrincherado con los caballos en el centro, nos criticaron severamente y nos dijeron que las probabilidades de haber sido destruidos por los lobos eran de cincuenta contra una, puesto que su furia había sido incitada por la presencia de los caballos, que eran su presa más codiciada. En cualquier otra ocasión, se habrían asustado con los disparos pero el hambre excesiva y las ganas de alcanzar nuestros caballos, les habían vuelto insensibles al peligro. Si no hubiésemos mantenido un fuego continuo y no hubiésemos utilizado la estratagema de la pólvora, nos habrían despedazado. Ahora bien, si les hubiésemos disparado sin apearnos de los caballos, no les habrían parecido una presa asequible, ya que había hombres montados sobre ellos. Finalmente, nos dijeron que si hubiésemos permanecido juntos y abandonado los caballos, se habrían lanzado sobre ellos y nosotros habríamos podido escapar a salvo, pues éramos muchos y estábamos bien armados.

Por mi parte, jamás me había visto ante un peligro así en mi vida, pues, por un momento, cuando vi aquellos trescientos demonios que venían hacia nosotros con las fauces abiertas para devorarnos y nosotros no teníamos hacia dónde escapar, pensé que estábamos perdidos. En verdad creo que no volveré a cruzar esas montañas nunca más; prefiero viajar mil leguas por el mar, aun con la certeza de tropezar con una tormenta una vez por semana.

Durante el viaje a través de Francia no ocurrió nada fuera de lo común, al menos, nada que otros viajeros no hayan referido mejor que yo. Pasé de Toulouse a París y, tras una corta estancia, llegué a Calais y desembarqué a salvo en Dover, el día 14 de enero, después de un frío viaje.

Había llegado a mi destino y, en poco tiempo, me vi rodeado de mis recién recuperados bienes, pues las letras de cambio que llevaba conmigo, me fueron pagadas escrupulosamente.

Mi principal guía y consejero privado fue mi buena y anciana viuda, quien, en agradecimiento por el dinero que le había enviado, no escatimó en esfuerzos ni atenciones hacia mí. Confíe a ella todos mis asuntos, de manera que no tenía razones para preocuparme sobre la seguridad de mi fortuna. En efecto, hasta el último día, me sentí sumamente satisfecho de la absoluta integridad de esta excelente señora.

Empecé a considerar dejar mis bienes al cuidado de ella y viajar a Lisboa para luego seguir hasta Brasil pero volvieron a acecharme los recelos respecto a la religión. Siempre dudé de la religión romana, incluso cuando me hallaba en el extranjero y, muy particularmente, cuando viví solo. Sabía que no regresaría a Brasil, y menos a establecerme, a menos que estuviese dispuesto a acoger la religión católica romana sin reservas; o, de otro modo, a menos que estuviese dispuesto a sacrificar mis principios y convertirme en un mártir de la religión y morir a manos de la Inquisición. Por lo tanto, decidí quedarme en casa y buscar el modo de disponer de mi plantación.

Con este propósito, le escribí a mi antiguo amigo de Lisboa, quien, a su vez, me contestó que sería fácil realizar el negocio allí mismo, si le otorgaba poderes para presentárselo en mi nombre a dos mercaderes, herederos de mis administradores. Como vivían en Brasil, conocían perfectamente el valor de mi plantación. Aparte de esto, eran muy ricos, por lo que, según le parecía, estarían encantados de comprarla y yo podría ganar, a lo sumo, cuatro o cinco mil piezas de a ocho.

Acepté y le di órdenes de ofrecérsela. Al cabo de casi ocho meses, cuando regresó el navío, recibí una notificación de que habían aceptado la oferta y remitido un pago de treinta y tres mil piezas de a ocho, por mediación de uno de sus corresponsales de Lisboa.

Firmé el documento de venta que me enviaron desde Lisboa y se lo remití a mi viejo amigo, quien me mandó treinta y dos mil ochocientas piezas de a ocho en letras de cambio, reservándose cien moidores anuales para él, y cincuenta para su hijo, según le había prometido. Y así, he hecho el recuento de la primera parte de mi vida aventurera; una vida que la Providencia ha manejado a su capricho; una vida tan variada como pocas se verán en el mundo; que comenzó locamente y concluyó mucho mejor de lo que jamás hubiese esperado.

Cualquiera podría pensar que en este complicado estado de buena fortuna, no volví a padecer infortunios, como en efecto, habría sucedido si las circunstancias así lo hubiesen permitido. Mas yo estaba habituado a la vida aventurera, no tenía familia, ni apenas conocidos, ni mucho menos amigos, a pesar de mi fortuna. Aunque había vendido mis propiedades en Brasil, no había logrado olvidar aquellas tierras y tenía fuertes deseos de regresar a ellas; sobre todo, no podía resistir la enorme inclinación de volver a ver mi isla, de saber si los pobres españoles seguían viviendo allí y qué habían hecho con ellos los bandidos que dejamos.

Mi fiel amiga, la viuda, intentó disuadirme por todos los medios y tanto insistió que durante casi siete años logró impedir que me marchase. Durante este tiempo, me hice cargo de mis dos sobrinos, los hijos de mi hermano. Al mayor, que tenía algunas propiedades, lo crié como a un caballero y lo hice heredero de parte de mi estado, en el momento en que yo muriese. Al otro lo puse a cargo del capitán de un navío y, al cabo de cinco años, viendo que era un joven sensato y emprendedor, le di un buen barco y le envié al mar. Posteriormente, este jovencito me indujo a emprender nuevas aventuras.

Mientras tanto, me había asentado parcialmente en este lugar pues, en primer lugar, me casé, para mi bien y mi felicidad, y tuve tres hijos: dos hijos y una hija. Habiendo muerto mi esposa, llegó mi sobrino de un exitoso viaje a España. Su insistencia y mi natural afición por los viajes me llevaron a embarcarme en su navío rumbo a las Islas Orientales en calidad de mercader privado. Esto aconteció en el año 1694.

En este viaje visité mi colonia en la isla y vi a mis sucesores los españoles. Escuché su historia y la de los villanos que habíamos dejado; cómo al principio maltrataron a los pobres españoles y luego llegaron a un acuerdo, para luego pelearse y volver a unirse hasta que, finalmente, los españoles se vieron obligados a usar la fuerza con ellos; cómo se sometieron a los españoles; y cuán honestos habían sido estos con ellos. En pocas palabras, me contaron una historia llena de episodios interesantes y variados, especialmente, en lo referente a las batallas con los caribes, que varias veces desembarcaron en la isla; las mejoras que introdujeron y el valor con que realizaron una expedición a tierra firme, de la que regresaron con once hombres y cinco mujeres en calidad de prisioneros, por lo que, a mi regreso, encontré una veintena de niños en la isla.

Permanecí allí veinte días y les dejé las provisiones que pudiesen necesitar, en particular, armas, pólvora, municiones, ropa, herramientas y dos artesanos que me había traído de Inglaterra: un carpintero y un herrero.

Aparte de esto, repartí la isla entre ellos y me reservé el derecho de propiedad sobre ella, de manera que todos quedaron satisfechos. Habiendo arreglado estos asuntos con ellos, les hice prometer que no se marcharían y allí los dejé.

Luego pasé a Brasil, donde compré una embarcación y se la envié con más gente, aparte de víveres y siete mujeres que me parecieron aptas para servirles o casarse con ellos, según les pareciera. A los ingleses les prometí enviarles inglesas con un cargamento de provisiones si se comprometían a cultivar la tierra; y así lo hice posteriormente. Una vez se les adjudicaron sus posesiones por separado, los hombres demostraron ser honrados y diligentes. También les envié cinco vacas de Brasil, tres de la cuales estaban preñadas, algunas ovejas y cerdos, que se reprodujeron considerablemente, como pude apreciar a mi regreso.

Pero todo esto, además de la narración de cómo trescientos caribes invadieron la isla y arruinaron sus plantaciones; cómo lucharon contra el doble de sus fuerzas y fueron derrotados la primera vez, en la que murieron tres colonos; cómo una tempestad destruyó las canoas enemigas y el hambre hizo morir a todos los demás salvajes; cómo recuperaron la plantación y siguieron viviendo en la isla; todo esto y los asombrosos incidentes que acontecieron durante los diez años de mis nuevas aventuras, lo relataré, acaso, más adelante.

FIN